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“It Was Very Hard for Me to Keep Doing That Job”: Understanding Troll Farm’s Working in the Arab World
Social Media + Society, volume 10, issue 1 (2024), 10 pp.
"This article investigates the production culture and routines of “troll farms” in three Arab countries—Tunisia, Egypt, and Iraq—from a production studies approach. A production studies approach enables us to focus on the working conditions of paid trolls. We employed qualitative methods to
...
The Fragility of Freedom: Online Holocaust Denial and Distortion
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD); Coalition to Counter Online Antisemitism (CCOA) (2024), 37 pp.
"The antisemitism landscape, including Holocaust denial and distortion, had shifted so drastically since October 7 that previous assumptions and understands now demand re-examination. In the run up to Holocaust Memorial Day 2024, this research compilation by members of the Coalition to Counter Onlin
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Mapping a Surge of Disinformation in Africa
Washington, DC: Africa Center for Strategic Studies, March 13 (2024)
"Disinformation campaigns have targeted every region of the continent. At least 39 African countries have been the target of a specific disinformation campaign. Disinformation tends to be concentrated. Half of the countries subjected to disinformation (20 of the 39) have been targeted three or more
...
The Routledge Handbook of Discourse and Disinformation
London; New York: Routledge (2024), xxi, 431 pp.
"This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of research into discourses of disinformation, misinformation, post-truth, alternative facts, hate speech, conspiracy theories, and 'fake news'. Divided into two sections, it provides a detailed look at the methodological challenges and approaches for s
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Epistemic Rights in the Era of Digital Disruption
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan; International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) (2024), 226 pp.
"This open-access volume argues that in a functioning democracy, citizens should be equally capable of making informed choices about matters of social importance. This includes citizens accessing all relevant information and knowledge necessary for informed will formation. In today's complex era of
...
What Explains the Spread of Misinformation in Online Personal Messaging Networks? Exploring the Role of Conflict Avoidance
Digital Journalism, volume 12, issue 5 (2024), pp. 574-593
"Online personal messaging platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger are now hugely popular around the world. Yet their role in the spread and social correction of misinformation remains under-researched. We carried out in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the UK public (N = 102) to exp
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"This study provides a detailed snapshot of Timor-Leste’s media in late 2023, exploring the operations and business models of media outlets, the legal landscape, proposed government programs impacting media, and relevant infrastructure ahead of an anticipated significant increase in digital connec
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Falsehoods Fly: Why Misinformation Spreads and How to Stop it
New York: Columbia University Press (2024), xii, 357 pp.
"Misinformation is one of the twenty-first century’s greatest challenges, a peril to democracy, peace, science, and public health. Yet we lack a clear understanding of what makes misinformation so potent and why it can spread so rapidly. In Falsehoods Fly, a leading cognitive scientist and philoso
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Disinformation Strategies
Defence and Peace Economics, volume 35, issue 6 (2024), pp. 659–672
"Disinformation is a form of offensive counterintelligence via deception and neutralization in order to strategically manipulate an audience or create further fractures in existing divisions. Disinformation strategies include leaking, lying, seeding, and smearing. These strategies vary according to
...
Vilify, ridicule, disinform: Political communication and media trust in the age of generative AI
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation; Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2024), 23 pp.
"This report examines political communication and media trust in the age of generative artificial intelligence systems (AI). Firstly, it provides a brief explainer of generative AI tools and techniques, looking separately at systems that generate text and those that generate or manipulate images, vi
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Online Disinformation in Brazil: A Typology of Discursive Action of Harmful Political Content on WhatsApp and Facebook
International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 2685-2709
"This article investigates harmful political content in public WhatsApp and Facebook groups of the radical Right in Brazil. Considering harmful political content as that which generates direct damage to the quality, reasonableness, and plurality of public discussion, we investigate the enunciative a
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Populism Fuels Hate Speech and Disinformation: Evidence From Political Discourse on X (Formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan
International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 5694-5713
"This study discusses the relationship among the various dimensions of populism, hate speech, and disinformation within the political discourse on X (formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan. Employing manual content analysis, we examined 7,141 posts from both populist and non-populist political lead
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Countering Misinformation via Emotional Response Generation
arXiv, issue 2311.10587 (2023), 17 pp.
"The proliferation of misinformation on social media platforms (SMPs) poses a significant danger to public health, social cohesion and ultimately democracy. Previous research has shown how social correction can be an effective way to curb misinformation, by engaging directly in a constructive dialog
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Gendered Disinformation 2023
Tbilisi: Media Development Foundation (MDF) (2023), 51 pp.
"During the six months of the gender-based disinformation study (January 1 – June 30, 2023), the following trends were revealed: A total of 42 cases of gendered disinformation were identified, of which 24 were homophobic and 18 were sexist or attacked women based on moral criteria. In most cases,
...
A systematic literature review of the motivations to share fake news on social media platforms and how to fight them
New Media & Society, volume 26, issue 2 (2023), pp. 1127-1150
"This review aims (a) to investigate the motivations to share fake news on Social Media Platforms (SMPs) according to the Self-Determination Theory (SDT); (b) to identify the solutions to fight these motivations and the agents in charge of implementing them; and (c) the user’s role in this process
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WhatsApp 360: A Look into the WhatsApp News Ecosystem in Lebanon Focusing on Misinformation and Hate Speech
Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2023), 39 pp.
"1. Expansive reach and influence of WhatsApp groups: The study findings indicate that WhatsApp groups have a remarkably wide reach, potentially connecting with three quarters of WhatsApp users in Lebanon. These groups are part of larger networks, which enhances the dissemination of content. Moreove
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Denial of Genocides in the Twenty-First Century
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press (2023), xvi, 400 pp.
"Throughout the twenty-first century, genocide denial has evolved and adapted with new strategies to augment and complement established modes of denial. In addition to outright negation, denial of genocide encompasses a range of techniques, including disputes over numbers, contestation of legal defi
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What do we study when we study misinformation? A scoping review of experimental research (2016-2022)
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 4, issue 6 (2023), 57 pp.
"We reviewed 555 papers published from 2016–2022 that presented misinformation to participants. We identified several trends in the literature—increasing frequency of misinformation studies over time, a wide variety of topics covered, and a significant focus on COVID-19 misinformation since 2020
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Fake News, Information Disorder in the Digital Age
Prishtina: [author] (2023), 140 pp.
"The book is organized into four parts. Part I presents the phenomenon of information disorder, as well as explains why the term “fake news” should be replaced with adequate terms, depending on the method and type of manipulation. Also, there are pieces focusing on ChatGPT and the possible impac
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