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Simplified Guide on Internet Shutdown
Dar es Salaam: ZAINA Foundation (2022), 19 pp.
"This is the proactive simplified internet shutdown guide for human rights defenders in Sub Saharan Africa. The internet is the key infrastructure in democracy. Access to the internet and other technological communication tools is vital during this period of human rights in the digital era. This gui
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Digitalisation and Civic Space: Chances and Challenges
Berlin: Brot für die Welt (2022), 58 pp.
"Multifaceted, uncensored, promoting democracy - that is the internet, many people had long hoped. But from today's perspective, this is not true - or only partially. Because the big digital platforms and the world wide web are both: media of freedom and control. In many places, they support civil s
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Government Internet Shutdowns Are Changing: How Should Citizens and Democracies Respond?
Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2022), 45 pp.
"The most promising strategies to help citizens circumvent internet shutdowns do not involve deploying satellite internet devices or floating balloons. Instead, simpler solutions, such as encouraging citizens to download anticensorship apps or software ahead of time, are much more useful. But they d
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Atlas der Zivilgesellschaft. Freiheitsrechte unter Druck: Schwerpunkt Digitalisierung
München; Berlin: oekom Verlag; Brot für die Welt (2022), 86 pp.
"Vielfaltig, unzensiert, demokratiefördernd - das ist das Internet, hofften viele Menschen lange. Doch diese Attribute passen aus heutiger Sicht nicht - oder nur teilweise. Denn die großen digitalen Plattformen und das World Wide Web sind beides: Medien der Freiheit und der Kontrolle. Sie helfen d
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Iranians on #SocialMedia
Washington, DC: Atlantic Council (2022), 40 pp.
"This report explores the social media habits of Iranian netizens and how the Islamic Republic is repressing the online space." (Publisher description)
Loss of Tonga’s Telecommunication: What Happened, What Were the Consequences and How Were They Managed?
Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (2022), 4 pp.
"In January 2022 the subsea volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in Tonga had a major eruption which also cut the country’s communication lines nationally, between Tonga’s inhabited islands and the outside world. The damage led to a complete halt in international communication (a “digital darkn
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Solidarity and Survival: The Story of South Asia. India Country Report
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2022), 8 pp.
"This document was produced by the IFJ and focuses on the following issues that the media faces in India: rise of government pressure and fear towards it, the growth of digital users, journalists´ lives lost during the pandemic, intimidation and harassment of the journalists across the country, the
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Digital Rights at the UNHRC 49 and Beyond
Access Now (2022), 10 pp.
"Digital rights violations enable and escalate offline violence, deepening humanitarian crises. The calculated attacks targeting digital systems – essential to people’s safety and wellbeing – are unacceptable. At this critical juncture in history, when human rights violations are rampant from
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Internet shutdowns in international law
New York: Columbia University, Global Freedom of Expression (2022), 45 pp.
The Return of Digital Authoritarianism: Internet Shutdowns in 2021
Deep Insights
Access Now; KeepItOn (2022), 32 pp.
"With a gradual return to normalcy following the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic, we saw a dramatic resurgence of internet shutdowns in 2021. During this year, Access Now and the #KeepItOn coalition documented at least 182 internet shutdown incidents around the world in 34 countries, as com
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Let the Net Work: Internet Shutdowns in India 2022
New Delhi: SFLC (2022), 48 pp.
"The observations made in this report make emphatically clear the failings of the current legal framework in defending human rights in the context of access to the internet. As seen in the report, the disruption of access to the internet is triggered at the most menial of instances, including for re
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Information Controls and Internet Shutdowns in African Elections
Journal of African Elections, volume 21, issue 2 (2022), pp. 1-22
"Internet shutdowns in Africa are becoming increasingly widespread, particularly when governments face competitive or contentious elections. They have also come to symbolise a widening fracture between competing conceptions of the global Internet and its regulation. Governments in Africa are justify
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A Taxonomy of Internet Shutdowns: The Technologies Behind Network Interference
Key Guides
Access Now (2022), 45 pp.
"In this paper, we outline each of the various technical mechanisms for implementing a shutdown, and the options for mitigating each type. Our hope is that technologists and civil society groups working to end shutdowns will find this a useful technical resource to understand, prepare for, circumven
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Internet Shutdowns and Human Rights: Submission in Response to the Call for Comments by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights as Input for the Report on Internet Shutdowns and Human Rights to the Fiftieth Session of the Human Rights Council in June 2022
Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2022), 29 pp.
"Temporary internet disruptions and shutdowns pose serious challenges to the exercise of a wide range of rights and therefore cannot be justified under any pretext, whether these relate to preservation of national security, safeguarding the public order, or countering disinformation, among others. A
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Internet Shutdowns: Trends, Causes, Legal Implications and Impacts on a Range of Human Rights
United Nations (2022), 17 pp.
"In the present report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 47/16, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights provides an overview of trends in Internet shutdowns. It contains an analysis of their causes and the legal implications and the impact on human ri
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Journalism Blocked, Information Seized: A Tale of How Internet Shutdown Crippled Media Work in Uganda
Unwanted Witness (2021), 21 pp.
"Notably, effective media coverage of the general elections in Uganda was curtailed by the internet shutdown as pointed out by 80% of the respondents. On the whole, the shutdown had negative impact on both the quality and quantity of the news output. For example, Mobile money services were interrupt
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Myanmar’s Military Struggles to Control the Virtual Battlefield
Brussels: International Crisis Group (2021), 37 pp.
"Since the 1 February coup d’état in Myanmar, the online space has become a parallel battlefield on which the country’s military and its opponents try to rally supporters, share information and control the narrative around events unfolding in the country. This virtual struggle has been vitally
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