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No Signal, no Voice: How Internet Shutdowns Undermined Uganda’s 2026 Elections
Kampala: Unwanted Witness; Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET) (2026), 55 pp.
"This report finds that significant, deliberate, and centrally coordinated internet disruptions occurred before, during, and after Uganda’s January 2026 general elections. Contrary to public assurances issued by government officials in the weeks preceding polling, access to the internet was progre
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Internet Shutdowns in Africa: Technology, Rights and Power
Deep Insights
London: Zed Books; Bloomsbury Publishing (2025), xiv, 286 pp.
"This open access book provides ten in-depth case studies of state-sponsored internet shutdowns across all regions of Africa. In so doing, it offers the first-ever comparative analysis of how African states use internet shutdowns as tools to close civic space, suppress opposition, and maintain power
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Le prix des perturbations: Évaluation de l’impact économique des coupures d’Internet au Sénégal en 2023
Internews (2024), 25 pp.
"Ce rapport a constaté une baisse vertigineuse de 1,3 point de pourcentage du produit intérieur brut (PIB) global associé aux coupures d’Internet en juin 2023. Cela se traduit grosso modto par une perte de 76,8 millions de dollars américains (46,86 milliards de francs CFA). Cette perte a princ
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Communication Rights in Africa: Emerging Discourses and Perspectives
London; New York: Routledge (2024), xxiii, 257 pp.
"Drawing on a broad range of case studies across the continent, the volume considers what constitutes communication rights in Africa, who should protect them, against whom, and how communication rights relate to broader human rights. While the case studies highlight the variation in communicative ri
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Media in Africa: Issues and Critiques
New York; London: Routledge (2024), 232 pp.
"Featuring contributions from global scholars, that represent both new and established voices on the African continent and the diaspora, this volume explores themes of decolonization, media freedom, media censorship, identity, representation, pluralism, media framing, political economy of the media
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"Despite strong international condemnation, there is growing acceptance of internet shutdowns as a legitimate response to online content that governments—particularly in Africa—find concerning. This article explores government decision- making around internet shutdowns during contentious periods
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State of Internet Freedom in Africa 2023. A Decade of Internet Freedom in Africa: Recounting the Past, Shaping the Future
CIPESA (2023), 71 pp.
"This special edition honours the efforts of various state and non-state actors in the promotion of internet freedom in Africa. The report takes a deep dive into the dynamic landscape of internet freedom on the African continent and offers contextual information and evidence to inform ICT policymaki
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Digital Citizenship in Africa: Technologies of Agency and Repression
London et al.: Zed Books (2023), xxi, 234 pp.
"With contributions from scholars across the continent, Digital Citizenship in Africa illustrates how citizens have been using VPNs, encryption, and privacy-protecting browsers to resist limits on their rights to privacy and political speech. This book dramatically expands our understanding of the v
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Digital Dissidence and Social Media Censorship in Africa
London; New York: Routledge (2023), 292 pp.
"Drawing on cases from across the continent, contributors explore the form and nature of social media and government censorship, often via antisocial media laws, or less overt tactics such as state cybersurveillance, spyware attacks on social media activists, or the artful deployment of the rhetoric
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Internet Shutdowns: A Human Rights Issue
RUSI Journal, volume 167, issue 4-5 (2023), pp. 50-63
"The internet is a double-edged sword: civilians can mobilise it to assemble and voice dissent, but illiberal regimes can also weaponise it to consolidate power and suppress any form of opposition. Internet shutdowns – intentional disruptions of internet services – represent one method used to l
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Universal Periodic Review 41st Session – Indonesia (Fourth Cycle). Joint Stakeholder Contribution: Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Religion and Belief, and Digital Rights
Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2022), 16 pp.
"In this submission, the Association of Progressive Communications (APC), EngageMedia and Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network (SAFEnet) examine Indonesia's compliance with the recommendations received during the third Universal Periodic Review cycle in 2017. This submission will focus parti
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Kazakhstan’s Bloody January: Digital Repression on the “New Silk Road”
Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2022), 24 pp.
"In January 2022, Kazakhstan’s government shut down internet access for several days while enacting a violent crackdown on initially peaceful protests triggered by hikes in fuel prices. This policy brief examines Kazakhstan’s internet and media landscape, the (re)actions of civil society and the
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Understanding Internet Shutdowns: A Case Study from Pakistan
Journal of Communication, volume 12 (2022), pp. 3917-3938
"This article provides an overview of Internet shutdowns in Pakistan, which have become an increasingly common phenomenon, with 41 occurring between 2012 and 2017. It argues that to understand how shutdowns became normalized in Pakistan, it is necessary to look at the specific dynamics of how the sh
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