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Exploring Trauma Literacy Quotient Among Indian Journalists and a Way Forward in Post-Pandemic Era: A Case Study of India

K. Shilpa, A. Kumari, M. M. Das, Tanushree Sharma, S. K. Biswal

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 2 (2023), pp. 267–288

"The American Psychological Association defines trauma as “an emotional response to a terrible event. . . .” Trauma can be experienced as a response to either physical or emotionally disturbing circumstances. The Journalism and the Pandemic Project from the International Center for Journalists ( ... ICFJ) and the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University, in their global survey of journalists, have studied the impact of the pandemic on journalists across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused varying degrees of disruptions in the personal and professional lives of journalists. Traumatic experiences like covering traumatic events up close, COVID-induced health issues, job loss, pay cuts, and insecurity at the workplace have consumed journalists like never before. Overwhelming emotions like shock, helplessness, loneliness, depression, and anxiety are some of the reactions observed by mental health experts. Indian journalists, too, like their counterparts across the globe, have had to take on the challenges posed by this unprecedented crisis. This article intends to study the impact of the pandemic on Indian journalists both from physical and emotional perspectives. The objectives of the study include—(a) to analyze the journalists’ response to traumatic experiences during the pandemic, (b) to study the nature of trauma experienced by journalists during the pandemic, (c) to analyze how traumatic experiences affected the journalists, and (d) to explore and analyze how journalists managed to cope with the traumatic experiences. The study adopts social cognitive theory (SCT) as the framework. SCT comprises four goal realization processes: self-observation, self-evaluation, self-reaction, and self-efficacy. The four components are interrelated, and all influence motivation and goal attainment. Social cognition includes diverse processes linking the perception of social information with a behavioral response, including perception, attention, decision-making, memory, and emotion. The post-traumatic reactions include re-experiencing the traumatic event in flashbacks, recurrent nightmares, and intrusive memories, hypervigilant arousal, impaired concentration, depression, sleep disturbances, self-devaluation, avoidance of reminders of traumatic experiences, emotional detachment from others, and disengagement from aspects of life that provide meaning and self-fulfillment, which impair intrapersonal, interpersonal, and occupational functioning. The scope of the study covers the journalists’ responses to traumatic experiences specific to the pandemic. The study adopts a mixed research method with a thematic analysis of the qualitative data from interviews of journalists followed by a factor analysis of the quantitative data from the survey of the journalists." (Abstract) more

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“Living a lie at the workplace”: Ghanaian Media Practitioners’ understanding of emotional labour and response patterns

Collins Badu Agyemang, Maxwell Asumeng, Benjamin Amponsah, Christopher Charles Mate-Kole, Feikoab Parimah

IFE PsychologIA, volume 31, issue 1 (2023), ?? pp.

"The authors saw the need to explore the emotional labour experiences of media practitioners owing to the sparse literature on the phenomenon from an African perspective. The study explored how media practitioners explain emotional labour, the factors that predispose them to emotional labour experie ... more

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How Newsroom Social Media Policies Can Improve Journalists' Well-Being

Logan Molyneux, Jacob L. Nelson

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 78-86

"This chapter draws on a discourse analysis of newsroom social media policies, and in-depth interviews with journalists focused on their reactions to the social media policies within the newsrooms in which they have worked, and their recommendations for how those policies should be improved." (Abstr ... more

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“I Definitely Would Appreciate a Little More Validation”: Toward an Ethics of Care in College Newsrooms and Journalism Education

Taylor Arrey, Chelsea Reynolds

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 2 (2023), pp. 142–164

"Drawing on interviews with 10 U.S. student journalists, we introduce an ethics-of-care approach for trauma-informed journalism pedagogy. We express grave concern for mental health in journalism programs, offering an empirical snapshot of students’ traumas and coping strategies. We confirm that st ... more

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From Precariously Managing Risks to Building Social Resilience: The Safety of Women Journalists in Brazil

Alice Baroni, Simone Marinho

Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 936-955

"Attacks on journalists and the media in Brazil have a long history but have become even more problematic through the use of social media, particularly following the election of Jair Bolsonaro as president in 2019. In times of industry restructuring and coronavirus pandemic, the systematic attacks o ... more

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Teaching Student Journalists to Refill their Happiness Tanks

Alexandra Wake, Erin Smith

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 147-156

"This chapter suggests methods for encouraging well-being among journalism students and refers to ground-breaking court cases that have put media organisations on notice, requiring them to provide psychologically safe workplaces for journalists." (Abstract)

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[El guardián desnudo]

Páginas para la Libertad de Expresión (FLIP, Colombia), issue 5 (2023), 40 pp.

"¿Cómo proteger a la prensa en un país violento? Desde el 2020, cada año se impone un nuevo récord de amenazas contra periodistas. La cifra del 2022 fue de 218, la más alta de los últimos quince años. Además, dos periodistas fueron asesinados, para un total de cinco en los últimos tres añ ... more

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Media Capture and Journalism as Emotional Labor: How Do Media Professionals Manage Bureaucratic Violence in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq?

Jiyan Faris, Pieter Maeseele, Yazan Badran, Kevin Smets

Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 876-895

"This paper focuses on the (in)direct tools of governmental bureaucracy used to control journalistic work in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). It calls for understanding media capture not only through structural-level consequences, but also through the methods used to create an environment of inst ... more

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‘Forced to report’: Affective proximity and the perils of local reporting on Syria

Omar Al-Ghazzi

Journalism, volume 24, issue 2 (2023), pp. 280–294

"Based on interviews with Syrian media practitioners, this article uses the notion of affective proximity to make sense of local media practitioners’ reporting and witnessing of suffering in their country and community. I argue that the life-risking, and sometimes deadly, media practices of local ... more

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Championing a Security-Sensitive Mindset

Jennifer R. Henrichsen

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 105-114

"This chapter examines the intersection of journalist security and safety with the condition of happiness to proffer solutions at the individual and organizational levels, including vis a vis boundaries, mental models, and security champions, with the aim of contributing to journalistic happiness, s ... more

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Safety of Journalists Covering Trauma and Distress: ‘Do no Harm’
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Jo Healey

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 16 pp.

"• Pressure has intensified on journalists to cover people’s trauma and distress and deliver emotionally-driven content to multiple platforms. • Impact on survivors: An ongoing lack of trauma-aware training for journalists can lead to inept or ill-informed handling of survivors, some say this ... more

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Journalism and Mental Health: Ugandan Journalists’ Perspectives

Angella Napakol, Samuel Kazibwe, Ann Mugunga, Elizabeth Kitego, Osborn Ahimbisibwe, Joseph Kiva

In: COVID-19 and the Media in Sub-Saharan Africa: Media Viability, Framing and Health Communication

Carol Azungi Dralega, Angella Napakol (eds.)

Leeds: Emerald Publishing (2022), pp. 147-162

"In the midst of a public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, journalists play an important role of sharing information of consequence with the public. As first responders to precarious events, they work in close proximity to the threat they are reporting on yet at the same time struggle with ... more

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Journalism in Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Governance and Coping Strategies of Newspaper Journalists

Rakib Ahmed, Uzzwal Kumar Mondal, Mridha Md. Shiblee Noman

Society & Change, volume 25, issue 4 (2022), pp. 53-71

"This paper is about newspaper journalism practices under the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Based on two separate theories - Communication Competence Theory, and Risk and Crisis Communication Management Theory -, this study intends to understand the challenges that newspaper journalists faced whi ... more

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The Strategic Bias: How Journalists Respond to Antimedia Populism

Ayala Panievsky

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 27, issue 4 (2022), pp. 808-826

"As populist campaigns against the media become increasingly common around the world, it is ever more urgent to explore how journalists adopt and respond to them. Which strategies have journalists developed to maintain the public's trust, and what may be the implications for democracy? These questio ... more

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Associations among traumatic experiences, threat exposure, and mental health in Pakistani journalists

Suzanna M. Koster, Hans M. Koot, Jamil A. Malik, Marit Sijbrandij

Journal of Traumatic Stress, volume 35, issue 2 (2022), pp. 581-592

"Pakistan is considered to be relatively unsafe for journalists; however, little is known about how working in situations that involve a high risk of trauma exposure and personal threat impacts journalists' mental health. The present study aimed to examine the associations among reporting on topics ... more

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Coping with the Murder: The Impact of Ján Kuciak’s Assassination on Slovak Investigative Journalists

Marína Urbániková, Lenka Haniková

Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 9 (2022), pp. 1927-1947

"In this contribution, using a case-study approach, we focus on the assassination of Ján Kuciak and his fiancée and explore the impact and consequences that it had on the community of investigative journalists in Slovakia. By conducting a series of semi-structured interviews with top investigative ... more

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Economic crisis and trauma journalism: Assessing the emotional toll of reporting in crisis-ridden countries

Lambrini Papadopoulou, Theodora A. Maniou, Eleana Pandia

Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, volume 47, issue 3 (2022), pp. 350-374

"This article discusses the relationship between the post-2008 global economic crisis and trauma journalism through a quantitative study of reporters covering austerity’s everyday manifestations and examines the effects on the media professionals involved. The findings indicate that journalists wh ... more

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Face-to Face with COVID-19: Experiences of Ghanaian Frontline Journalists Infected with the Virus

Kodwo Jonas Anson Boateng, Redeemer Buatsi

In: Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa

Carol Azungi Dralega, Angella Napakol (eds.)

Springer (2022), pp. 147-162

"Journalists around the world have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, media houses have had to make drastic adjustments to the impact of challenges wrought by the pandemic on their operations. Ghanaian media houses also faced similar challenges and disruptions. News reporters and ... more

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Expanding the Analytical Boundaries of Mob Censorship: How Technology and Infrastructure Enable Novel Threats to Journalists and Strategies for Mitigation

Jennifer R. Henrichsen, Martin Shelton

Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2022), pp. 1848-1867

"Mob censorship, which “expresses the will of ordinary citizens to exert power over journalists through discursive violence” is traditionally considered a grassroots phenomenon. However, within technically mediated systems, who is behind the mob is sometimes unclear. We therefore ask how the tec ... more

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Why collective resilience in journalism matters: A call to action in global media development

Jeannine E. Relly, Silvio Waisbord

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, volume 11, issue 2 (2022), pp. 163-188

"The COVID-19 pandemic, global economic downturn, anti-press violence and worsening situation of labour precarity for journalists around the world have led to increased stress, trauma and burnout in the profession, which raises questions at the heart of media sustainability and approaches to media d ... more

Safety of Journalists Covering Trauma and Distress: ‘Do no Harm’ Top Insights

Safety of Journalists Covering Trauma and Distress: ‘Do no Harm’
Top Insights