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Explaining International Media Development: Building Blocks for an Analytical Framework Based on Institutional Logics

Ines Drefs

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, volume 11, issue 2 (2022), pp. 141-161

"The academic study of media development as a field of practice and international cooperation has received quite some impetus in the last couple of years. Theory-building in this research field, however, seems to be stagnating. The explanatory power of established theories such as modernization, dep ... more

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Why collective resilience in journalism matters: A call to action in global media development

Jeannine E. Relly, Silvio Waisbord

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, volume 11, issue 2 (2022), pp. 163-188

"The COVID-19 pandemic, global economic downturn, anti-press violence and worsening situation of labour precarity for journalists around the world have led to increased stress, trauma and burnout in the profession, which raises questions at the heart of media sustainability and approaches to media d ... more

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What is Next for Media Development?

Nicholas Benequista, Susan Abbott, Tawana Kupe, Fatima El-Issawi

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, volume 11, issue 2 (2022), pp. 135-140

"What comes next for media development? Though the contributors to this volume [i.e., the special issue focusing on international media development] provide answers from diverse perspectives, they each touch upon questions of agency and localization. The contributors investigate major issues with a ... more

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Evaluation Report Executive summary Colombia | Amazon Basin. Strengthening alliances: Together media and civil society actors in Colombia and the Amazon basin support discussions on human rights and environmental protection

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2022), 3 pp.

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Comprehending Media Systems for Media Development

Johanna Mack

Dortmund: Forum Medien und Entwicklung (fome); MEDAS21 (2022), 29 pp.

"Media development assistance and media systems research are intricately connected: by describing, assessing, and attempting to change them, media development actors produce knowledge about media systems and directly impact them. This research review explores the intersections of academic media syst ... more

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Google Scholar (223)

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Staatliche Medienförderung: Begriffsverständnis, theoretische Zugänge und Praxen in der DACH-Region

Paul Clemens Murschetz

In: Handbuch Medienökonomie

Jan Krone, Tassilo Pellegrini (eds.)

Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2021), 29 pp.

"Staatliche Medienförderung gilt als Instrument der Medienpolitik und bedeutet in der Regel die fortwährende finanzielle Unterstützung von Medieninhabern zur Produktion und dem Vertrieb von Medieninhalten und -projekten. Staatliche Medienförderung kann viele Formen annehmen, meint aber vorwiegen ... more

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Les espaces des (im)possibles: Les médias en Afrique du Nord depuis les années 1990

Bachir Benaziz, Abdelfettah Benchenna, Dominique Marchetti (eds.)

Centre Jacques-Berque (2021), 239 pp.

"De façon paradoxale, l’étude du journalisme et des médias occupe une place très réduite dans les recherches en sciences sociales et humaines sur l’Afrique du Nord, alors même que les espaces médiatiques dans cette région connaissent depuis les décennies 1990 et 2000 des transformations ... more

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COVID-19 and the Global Media Sector: Developments and Ways Forward

Alexander Matschke, Johanna Mack, Dennis Reineck, Roja Zaitoonie

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), 7 pp.

"COVID-19 has taken a heavy toll on freedom of expression, access to information, and media freedom. Amidst an ongoing global decline in democratic freedoms, the pandemic has severely affected the work of media outlets and independent journalists. Functioning media are, however, a precondition for r ... more

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The Road Ahead: Mapping Civil Society Responses to Disinformation

Samantha Bradshaw, Lisa-Maria Neudert

Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2021), 27 pp.

"Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) bring a wide range of skill sets to the problem of digital disinformation. Some organizations focus on digital media literacy and education; others engage in advocacy and policy work. Another segment has developed expertise in fact-checking and verification. Other ... organizations have developed refined technical skills for extracting and analyzing data from social media platforms. This research yielded several clear observations about the state of CSO responses to disinformation and, in turn, suggests several recommendations for paths forward. • Prioritize Skill Diffusion and Knowledge Transfer. Civil society organizations seeking funding for counter-disinformation initiatives should emphasize the importance of skill diffusion and knowledge-transfer initiatives. The siloed nature of disinformation research points to a growing need to blend technical expertise with deep cultural and political knowledge. • CSO researchers lack sufficient access to social media data. Survey respondents identified insufficient access to data as a challenge. Sometimes data are not made available to CSOs; in other instances, data are made available in formats that are not workable for meaningful research purposes. Unequal access to the data that private companies do provide can exacerbate regional inequities, and the nature of data sharing by social media platforms can unduly shape the space for inquiry by civil society and other researchers. Funders, platforms, and other key actors should develop approaches that provide more consistent, inclusive data access to CSOs. • Duplicative programming hampers innovation. CSOs drawing on similar tools, approaches, and techniques to meet similar goals pointed to three main factors preventing more specialized, innovative initiatives: lack of coordination, lack of specific expertise, and lack of flexible funding. Community building and collaboration among relevant organizations deserve more investment, as do initiatives that partner larger, established organizations with smaller or growing ones, or pool efforts, skill sets, and expertise to encourage diverse research by design rather than by coincidence. • Relationships with tech platforms vary across regions. Surveyed CSOs often held simultaneously skeptical and positive opinions about their relationships with social media companies. Some receive preferential access to data and even funding for their work (raising concerns about independence), while others report a lack of responsiveness from company representatives. In the Global South and Eastern Europe, many CSOs expressed concern that platforms failed to meaningfully engage with them on issues of critical concern. • More flexible funding and more diverse research are both necessary. To encourage greater platform accountability across varied geographic contexts, CSOs and their funders should draw on the perspectives of specific, under-analyzed communities." (Executive summary, page 3-4) more

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Intersectionality matters: Studying the contradictory effects of media development through women radio journalists in Burkina Faso

Viviane Schönbächler

Communication and Culture Review, volume 4, issue 1&2 (2021), 18 pp.

"Gender perspectives in media development are common in grey literature produced and promoted by media development actors. Yet, academic research investigating gender dimensions in media development practice and discourse remains scarce. This paper wants to contribute to filling this gap. The empiri ... more

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When Foreign Support Becomes a Liability: Funding Independent Journalism in the Authoritarian Media Landscapes of Russia and Hungary

Konrad Bleyer-Simon

Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Doctoral Thesis (2021), 356 pp.

External Link (204)

How Development Actors Can Help, Not Hurt, Information Ecosystems

Prue Clarke

Deutsche Welle, January 27 (2021)

"Development actors tend to pay media to publish content that often is just their PR material in disguise. It’s time to rethink a practice that undermines both independent journalism and the aid sector’s credibility." (Introduction)

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A New Deal for Journalism

Working Group on the Sustainability of Journalism

Forum on Information & Democracy (2021), 78 pp.

"The report presents a plan to guarantee up to 0.1% of GDP a year into journalism to safeguard its social function for the future. The New Deal would be a massive commitment both at the national and the international scale to ensure the social function of journalism. Christophe Deloire, chair of the ... more

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Code of Practice

Brussels: Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) (2021), 3 pp.

"This Code of Practice serves as a statement that GFMD members are committed to maintaining the highest standards of integrity, governance, financial transparency and accountability while furthering the GFMD’s mission. Adopting and adhering to this Code of Practice serves as an ethical charter for ... more

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Afghanistan: August 2021. A Tentative Reassessment of Cultural Foreign Policy and Civil Society Support

Asiem El Difraoui, Caspar Berges

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2021), 22 pp.

"[...] If Afghanistan is to avoid a renewal of civil war, there is no viable alternative to Taliban rule and Taliban dialogue. Engagement with the Taliban in terms of urgently needed humanitarian aid opens avenues for cooperation in the field of cultural foreign policy and civil society support. Her ... e, the Taliban are especially open to support in the educational sector. Education, including for women, is a widespread demand in Afghanistan, even in the rural areas. As a member of civil society stressed, the Taliban are not ready to accept political activities but seem so far result-oriented in what concerns practical improvements for the Afghan population. Under seemingly non-political activities, for example competitions about daily life concerns like waste or water management, independent thinking and the respect of human rights can still be fostered. Generally, activities can be promoted with Afghan and Islamic references acceptable to the Taliban mindset. Fostering women’s rights, for example, can be done by giving the examples of the wives of the prophet Mohammed and of the relative freedoms of women in Saudi Arabia and Iran, who have more rights than those under the previous Taliban regime. As one participant states “the only progressive ideas which can be ingrained in Afghan society need to be somehow referring to internal cultural heritage Afghan and/or Islamic”. In this context, a lot of venues can be explored. Herat, for example was a major cultural centre over centuries. Afghans know also very little of the significance of historically important Islamic cities like Bukhara or Samarkand in neighbouring Uzbekistan, despite the fact that a sizable proportion of the Afghan population are Uzbek. Even more significant is the fact that Afghans who are very attached to their religion know very little of the achievement of the golden age Arabo-Islamic culture in science like mathematics, geography, astronomy, medicine or architecture or literature. There are also some classical art forms through which we can engage with the Taliban, such as poetry, as well as opportunities in contemporary comedy, where a certain criticism can be voiced and tolerated. The interplay of new and traditional media also provides unique opportunities in terms of education and human rights. Here DW-TV, Radio and internet activities can play an important role. Independent initiatives should also be promoted. These can offer considerable opportunities to connect regional civil society actors, which for one of the interviewees is one of the most effective ways of engagement “for example, feminist groups of neighbouring countries which supported feminist groups in Afghanistan”. (Conclusion, page 17) more

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Media for Democracy Assessment Tool: Learning, Evaluation, and Research (LER) Activity
Key Guides

Susan Abbott, Maureen Taylor, Michelle Foster, Joan Barata Mir

Washington, DC; Landover, MD: USAID; Cloudburst Group (2021), 93 pp.

"The purpose of the Media for Democracy Assessment Tool (MAT) is to assist United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in producing media assessments to inform strategy on media and democracy programming, help inform potential media development programming goals, and help provide an i ... more

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Enabling Media Markets to Work for Democracy: An International Fund for Public Interest Media. Feasibility Study

James Deane, Maha Taki et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2020), 121 pp.

"This study outlines the case for, and the practical feasibility of establishing, a new International Fund for Public Interest Media (IFPIM). Such a Fund would focus mainly on resource-poor settings across the world where the economic and political challenges confronting independent media have becom ... more

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Media Development and Sustainability in West Africa: A Study on Media Audience Mapping and Targeting Techniques, Capacity Building Models & Ownership Patterns in West Africa
Deep Insights

Accra: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA); Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA) (2020), ii, 70 pp.

"Media Audience Mapping & Targeting Techniques in West Africa: 1. Audience measurement and ratings culture: The culture of audience measurement and ratings is still very rudimentary in much of West Africa. Within the current media milieu, where new technologies are yielding new forms of content and ... more

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Donor Aid and Private Investment: Their Interplay with Media Development

Jacob Nyarko, Eric Opoku Mensah, Basil Hamusokwe

Sage Open, volume 10, issue 2 (2020), 12 pp.

"This review has shown that media assistance from donor sources enhanced the development of the African media generally especially after the Second World War, but the inability of outlets to sustain their operations financially usher them into the “operational survival phase” where private inves ... more

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Are Punchlines the New Front Lines of Media Development?

Dillon Case, Kevin Bleyer

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2020)

"Satirical comedy is uniquely effective in its ability to bolster media development objectives. Through its ability to attract audiences and provide news commentary in an entertaining way, it can be used as an important tool to promote freedom of expression, foster accountability and transparency, c ... more

Media for Democracy Assessment Tool: Learning, Evaluation, and Research (LER) Activity Key Guides

Media Development and Sustainability in West Africa: A Study on Media Audience Mapping and Targeting Techniques, Capacity Building Models & Ownership Patterns in West Africa Deep Insights

Media for Democracy Assessment Tool: Learning, Evaluation, and Research (LER) Activity
Key Guides

Media Development and Sustainability in West Africa: A Study on Media Audience Mapping and Targeting Techniques, Capacity Building Models & Ownership Patterns in West Africa
Deep Insights