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Media in Sudan at a Crossroads: Assessment and Outline of a Strategy for Media Support

Copenhagen: Association for Media Development in South Sudan (AMDISS); Article 19; International Media Support (IMS) (2007), 78 pp.

"This assessment describes and contextualises a series of challenges for an environment conducive to freedom of expression brought about by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in 2005 and the changes to the political framework in Sudan. The aim is to establish a comprehensive overview of ... the media situation in all relevant sectors, as well as developing an overview of support to the sectors and the strategies behind this support from agencies for international cooperation. Although the CPA opened up space for a more democratic setup for media ownership and practice and resulted in a number of changes to the media situation in Sudan, the freedom of expression environment in Sudan still faces important challenges. According to this assessment, the main challenges are: Need for media reform: There is a dire need for legal reform in the area of freedom of expression and access to information. At the national level, new media laws produced and presented to Parliament show only slight improvement over the existing laws. In Southern Sudan the Legislative Assembly has adopted a more progressive media policy, but the four draft bills which have been prepared have not yet been processed by the assembly. Need for professional skill building: Professional journalists are scarce, and objective and relevant reporting is a challenge for many Sudanese newspapers. In spite of the large number of media schools in Sudan, the results are discouraging. The academic and professional standards of the graduates are extremely basic and on-the-job training is almost non-existent. Poor working conditions: Basic working conditions and employment rights in the Sudanese media are poor, especially in the printed media. There is widespread exploitation, not least of young journalists. The poor working conditions have negative consequences for the quality of journalism. In addition, many Sudanese journalists have emigrated to find better job opportunities abroad. Politicisation of the media sector: The highly politicised environment in Sudan is reflected in the media sector. A significant part of the media in Sudan operates within a set political frame, pursuing political goals and the desire to influence public opinion and decision making." (Executive summary) more

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Good Governance braucht Öffentlichkeit

Christoph Dietz

DED-Brief, volume 44, issue 2 (2007), pp. 24-25

"Medien können eine zentrale Rolle für Transparenz, Korruptionsbekämpfung und Bürgerbeteiligung spielen. Die Stärkung eines unabhängigen Mediensektors muss daher ein Grundpfeiler der Demokratieförderung werden." (Abstract)

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Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Media Monitoring

Lee B. Becker

Athens, GA: University of Georgia, James Cox Center for International Mass Communication Training and Research (2007), 58 pp.

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Dokumentation der Fachtagung "Medien, Frieden und Demokratie: Die Massenmedien in Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Friedensförderung"

Bonn: Akademie für Konflikttransformation; Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2007), 17 pp.

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The Case for Communication in Sustainable Development

Mark Wilson, Kitty Warnock, Emrys Schoemaker

London: Panos London (2007), 60 pp.

"Communication is a prerequisite for better, more transparent and accountable governance, and for wealth creation and economic growth. It underpins all the MDGs and is arguably as central a need of human beings as food, shelter, health and security. Governments and development actors need to recogni ... more

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Communication for Development: Making a Difference

Jan Servaes et al.

Glocal Times, issue 7 (2006), 16 pp.

"In the year 2006, it is estimated that 1.3 billion people world-wide still live in absolute poverty. Most are in developing countries, but poverty also reaches into industrialized regions, such as North America and Europe. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set by the Member States of the Unit ... more

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Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights

Krishna Kumar

Boulder, Colo.; London: Rienner (2006), 189 pp.

"This book represents one step in explaining international efforts to promote independent media. It attempts to examine the nature and significance of media assistance, discussing the evolution of the field, the focus of various programming approaches, and the possible impact of such efforts. It pre ... sents case studies of media assistance programs in different countries. The book concludes with a set of recommendations for expanding and deepening media assistance for the international community. This book project grew out of a multi-country study that I directed in 2002–2004 to examine media assistance programs funded by the US Agency for International Development. The overall purpose of the study was to assess the nature and effectiveness of USAID programs and make policy and programmatic recommendations for the future. In writing this book I have mostly drawn from the massive information collected during two years of research and analysis. The book is based primarily on three sources of information. First are reviews of literature covering scholarly writings, project and program documents, and articles in popular magazines and newspapers on media assistance. Such reviews were country specific as well as global in nature. Because the academic literature is extremely limited and media assistance is hardly covered in magazines and newspapers except in high-profile cases such as Bosnia and Serbia, reviews largely relied on program documentation. I had the unique advantage of perusing thousands of documents that are not available to the public. Although mostly descriptive and often self-serving, they identified critical gaps in our knowledge and illuminated the challenges and achievements of international media endeavors. Second, my colleagues and I undertook extensive fieldwork in seven countries/regions—Afghanistan, Bosnia, Central America, Indonesia, Russia, Serbia, and Sierra Leone. In each of these cases, research teams conducted extensive discussions with international donor agencies, officials of host countries, project staff and contractors, and local media experts and journalists. Every possible effort was made to interview all those experts and managers who had intimate knowledge of the ongoing media assistance programs. Teams also examined locally available documents and reports and used translators to translate documents into English when necessary. In the absence of hard quantitative data, they largely relied on available documentation, indepth interviews, and their own knowledge of the media scene for their findings and conclusions. Finally, I organized a series of meetings in Washington, D.C., to discuss the findings of the country studies and explore new directions for media assistance programs. Such meetings helped to identify many problems and challenges facing media assistance programs and helped in formulating a set of recommendation for policymakers." (Chapter 1, page 10-11) more

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SIDA's Policy for Culture and Media

Stockholm: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) (2006), 13 pp.

"Both culture and media play important roles in the development of democratic governance, the promotion of a democratic culture and the strengthening of civil society. Culture and media can play crosscutting roles in Sida’s work, in addition to direct contributions in the areas of culture and medi ... more

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Timor-Leste Media Assessment

Shanthi Kalathil

USAID Timor-Leste (2006), 17 pp.

"After interviewing numerous media experts and reviewing all available information, the media assessment team recommends additional donor support for media as part of an overall approach to promoting democracy and governance. The team recommends a comprehensive media assistance program that focuses ... more

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Building a Community Radio Network in Afghanistan

Krishna Kumar

In: Promoting Democracy in Postconflict Societies

Jeroen de Zeeuw, Krishna Kumar (eds.)

Boulder, Colo.; London: Rienner (2006), pp. 257-272

"The experience of establishing community stations in Afghanistan provides four distinct, but interrelated lessons [...] The project has demonstrated that international organizations can promote community stations in impoverished, war-tron societies that have had no experience of independent or comm ... more

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Confidence-Building, Market Forces and the Public Good: Challenges of Media Intervention in Post-Conflict Macedonia

Sally Broughton-Micova

In: Transacting Transition: The Micropolitics of Democracy Assistance in the Former Yugoslavia

Keith Brown (ed.)

Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press (2006), pp. 125-141

"This chapter recalls and evaluates international intervention in Macedonia's media landscape immediately after the violent conflict in the country in 2001. It focuses in particular on the media component of the Confidence Building Initiative (CBI), funded by USAID's Office for Transition Initiative ... more

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Why Templates for Media Development Do Not Work in Crisis States: Defining and Understanding Media Development Strategies in Post-War and Crisis States
Deep Insights

James Putzel, Joost Van der Zwaan

London: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) (2006), 36 pp.

"This document examines how media policy can be adapted to developing countries affected by crises and war. Based on the outcome of discussions at a workshop, areas the document covers include: the role of the media in fragile states; training journalists; media challenging the state. Recommendation ... more

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International Assistance to Promote Independent Media in Transition and Post-Conflict Societies

Krishna Kumar

Democratization, volume 13, issue 4 (2006), pp. 652-667

"This article focuses on an important but neglected area of democracy assistance: international aid to build and strengthen independent media in transition and post-Conflict societies. The purpose of such assistance is to promote democratization by facilitating the free flow of information, transpar ... more

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Deepening Voice and Accountability to Fight Poverty: A Dialogue of Communication Implementers, March 30-31, 2006. A Summary Note

Paris: OECD; Department for International Development (DFID); World Bank (2006), 11 pp.

"About 80 representatives from government, civil society, think tanks and media organizations in developing countries, as well as representatives from multilateral and bilateral donor agencies, academic institutions, and international civil society organizations participated in a dialogue about deep ... more

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Support to Media in Sri Lanka: An Overview of Activities and Proposals for the Future

Yasha Lange, Shastri Ramachandaran

Amsterdam; Chandigarh: International Media Support (IMS) (2006), 34 pp.

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Media Matters: Perspectives on Advancing Governance and Development from the Global Forum for Media Development
Deep Insights

Mark Harvey (ed.)

Paris: Internews Europe; Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) (2006), 222 pp.

"Draws together thinking and analysis that covers the breadth and depth of the media development landscape. The opening section, 'Why Media Matters: Global Perspectives' gathers the work of several thought leaders on major trends that cut across both the communications and development policy arenas; ... more

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Operation Balkan: Werbung für Krieg und Tod

Jörg Becker, Mira Beham

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2006), 130 pp.

"Public Relations bzw. Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ist schon längst zum Bestandteil des politischen Lebens geworden und wird von Politikern und Parteien zur Imagepflege genutzt. Neu ist auch nicht, dass Regierungen PR-Unternehmen damit beauftragen, ihr Image in anderen Ländern aufzubessern. Wenig bekan ... more

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Medienpolitik in Post-Konfliktstaaten: Beiträge zum politischen Wiederaufbau am Beispiel von Afghanistan

Mariam Tutakhel

Duisburg: Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden (INEF) (2006), 44 pp.

"Die Annahme, dass eine kontrollierte Presse das Ziel einer Förderung demokratischer Strukturen immer ad absurdum führe, darf vor dem Hintergrund einer politischen Ausnahmesituation nach einem bewaffneten Konflikt durchaus hinterfragt werden. Die in diesem Zusammenhang geführte Diskussion über M ... more

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Assessment of USAID/Bosnia and Herzegovina Media Interventions: Final Report

Sinclair Cornell, Terry Thielen

Washington, DC: USAID (2006), 82 pp.

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Democratization: A Central Task of Media Development Cooperation

Jörgen Klußmann (ed.)

Bonn: Evangelische Akademie im Rheinland (2006), 139 pp.

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance Deep Insights

Why Templates for Media Development Do Not Work in Crisis States: Defining and Understanding Media Development Strategies in Post-War and Crisis States Deep Insights

Media Matters: Perspectives on Advancing Governance and Development from the Global Forum for Media Development Deep Insights

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights

Why Templates for Media Development Do Not Work in Crisis States: Defining and Understanding Media Development Strategies in Post-War and Crisis States
Deep Insights

Media Matters: Perspectives on Advancing Governance and Development from the Global Forum for Media Development
Deep Insights