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Silencing the Media and Chaining the Watchdog: Threats to Journalist Safety During Elections in Nigeria

Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim, Umaru A. Pate, Abdulsamad Muhammad Usman

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 214-240

"Over the last two decades, Nigeria has been struggling to consolidate its democratic processes to ensure peaceful campaigns and free and fair polls. But electoral processes require the free flow of verified electoral information and citizen's participation – phenomena that only free media can gua ... more

External Link (46)

Violence Against Women in Elections Online: A Social Media Analysis Tool

Washington, DC: International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES); USAID (2019), 72 pp.

"Around the world, women frequently experience harassment and violence when they decide to exercise their civil and political rights. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have created new vehicles for violence against women in elections (VAWIE), including violence that takes place on so ... cial media and in private messaging. These forms of violence are compounded by the anonymity and scale that online media platforms provide. VAWIE-Online is a means to silence women who publicly engage in political life through fear, shame and intimidation. This violence is different from the online violence and harassment experienced by politically active men in its underlying intent, its multiplied impact, as well as its frequency, form, and content. The VAWIE-Online Social Media Analysis Tool (VAWIE-Online Tool) offers an adaptable method to measure the gendered aspects and understand the drivers of online election violence against women. The primary purpose of this tool is to identify trends and patterns of online violence around electoral periods. More specifically, the tool will allow users to identify the scope, breadth, and intensity of VAWIE-Online. Using artificial intelligence-based data analysis tools, the VAWIE-Online Tool quantifies and categorizes social media data to identify and distinguish forms of online violence. By incorporating this analysis of online violence into broader analysis of gender in elections, electoral stakeholders can better understand this issue in their respective countries and can begin to address it through their work. This guide is intended for use by civil society organizations (CSOs), election and human rights monitors and observers, and other activist and research groups seeking to analyze online violence against women in elections. It is constructed as a step-by-step tool to introduce users to social media analysis, specifically data mining and sentiment analysis. Although this tool is written to provide an introduction and overview for general users, data mining and sentiment analysis are sophisticated research approaches and users of this guide will find it helpful to work with a team that has experience in data analytics and a background in working on gender-based violence (GBV) and electoral politics." (Page 2) more

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Elections 2019: Community Radio Toolkit
Key Guides

Cape Town: Children’s Radio Foundation (CRF) (2019), 52 pp.

"Section One (Elections 101) deals with the aspects of voter education and election regulations for both citizens and the media. Section Two (Your Community Radio Station at Election Time) suggests ways to reflect local issues in election coverage and how to make the most of the resources you’ve g ... more

External Link (51)

Social Media, Disinformation and Electoral Integrity

Beata Martin-Rozumilowicz, Rast'o Kuzel

Arlington: Institutional Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) (2019), 35 pp.

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Manipulación de la información: Noticias falsas en la elección presidencial en México, Julio de 2018

Damián Romero Pérez

México, DF: Infotec Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, Master Thesis (2019), 80 pp.

External Link (53)

Google Scholar (54)

WorldCat (55)

Data Journalism in the Global South
Deep Insights

Bruce Mutsvairo, Saba Bebawi, Eddy Borges-Rey (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2019), xxxv, 334 pp.

"This volume seeks to analyse the emerging wave of data journalism in the Global South. It does so by examining trends, developments and opportunities for data journalism in the aforementioned contexts. Whilst studies in this specific form of journalism are increasing in numbers and significance, th ... more

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Elecciones venezolanas de 2018: Hegemonía comunicacional del gobierno

Txomin Las Heras Leizaola

Bogotá: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2019), 9 pp.

"El investigador Óscar Lucien, exdirector del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Comunicación (Ininco) de la Universidad Central de Venezuela y autor del libro Cerco rojo a la libertad de expresión (La Hoja del Norte, Editorial Dahbar, Caracas, 2011), sostiene que el régimen venezolano ha diseñ ... more

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Google Scholar (47)

WorldCat (53)

Media and the 2015 General Elections

Carine Jaquet

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change

Lisa Brooten, Jane Madlyn McElhone, Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)

Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 251-264

"The first section of the chapter provides a brief overview of the legal framework that defines the concept of media space, with a specific focus on election day. Regulations included constraints on journalists' ability to cover the elections, which affected their access to polling stations. The sec ... more

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Google Scholar (44)

WorldCat (46)

Community Media: Building Trust and Resilience in Kenyan Post-Election Conflicts

Jacinta Mwende Maweu

African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review, volume 9, issue 2 (2019), pp. 9-32

"This article examines the constructive roles of community and faith-based radio in building resilience and trust in Kenya after post-election violence. Since the 2007/08 post-election violence, Kenya has had two hotly contested elections (2013 and 2017), which have contributed to the lack of trust ... more

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Cubrimiento electoral y libertad de prensa

Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2019), 42 pp.

"Este manual busca ser una herramienta para que los(as) periodistas tengan mayor información acerca de sus derechos y de cómo pueden protegerlos antes, durante y después de los comicios. Asimismo, pretende dar a conocer diferentes temáticas relevantes en el ambiente electoral, como la Agenda 203 ... more

External Link (49)

Online Audience Engagement with Legacy and Digital-Born News Media in the 2019 Indian Elections

Silvia Majó-Vázquez, Subhayan Mukerjee, Taberez Ahmed Neyazi, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 16 pp.

"In this factsheet, we study online audience engagement with legacy and digital-born news media across social media platforms (Facebook and Twitter) and the open web during the 2019 Indian General Election on the basis of data collected between 11 April and 19 May. We analyse cross-platform online a ... more

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Strengthening Police and Media Relations for the Safety of Journalists and Peaceful, Free and Fair Elections in West Africa

Michelle Betz

Accra; Copenhagen: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA); International Media Support (IMS) (2018), 42 pp.

"The relationship between the media and security agencies, including those in the law enforcement and intelligence services, has always been a delicate one. In the West African context, this relationship is often characterized by frequent clashes, arising from a somewhat startling inability of eithe ... more

External Link (43)

Reporting on Zimbabwe’s 2018 Elections: A Post-Election Analysis

Media Monitors; International Media Support (IMS) (2018), 40 pp.

"During the 2018 electoral period in Zimbabwe, Media Monitors monitored mainstream media to assess the nature of election coverage with a focus on three issues: Fair and balanced coverage of political players, the media’s role in informing the public on electoral processes, and professional and et ... more

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Sénégal eléctions législatives 2017: Monitoring des médias. Rapport final

Dakar: Gorée Institute (2018), 53 pp.

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#iranvotes2017: Analysing the 2017 Iranian Presidential Elections Through Telegram, Twitter and Instagram

James Marchant, Tom Ormson, Ali Honari, Amin Sabeti

Small Media (2018), 58 pp.

Google Scholar (47)

WorldCat (43)

Les médias en Afrique depuis les indépendances: Bilan, enjeux et perspectives

Ndiaga Loum, Ibrahima Sarr (dir.)

Paris: L'Harmattan (2018), 268 pp.

External Link (45)

Who Debates, Who Wins? At-Scale Experimental Evidence on Debate Participation in a Liberian Election

Jeremy Bowles, Horacio Larreguy

[no publisher] (2018), 45, 24 pp.

"In this paper we assess the electoral consequences of candidate selection into the supply of widely-disseminated programmatic information in the setting of Liberia, where clientelism is pervasive and the media sector is weak. We partnered with USAID and the NGO Internews to study the impact of rand ... omized elements of a nationwide initiative to hold debates for all 73 House of Representatives seats ahead of the Liberian election of October 2017. Beyond lawmaking, House members in Liberia control access to development funds as well as play key roles in the allocation and implementation of public goods, and thus voters have incentives to care about the policy priorities of the candidates and vote accordingly. However, historically, votes have been bought as often as won (Bowles et al., 2017). In an effort to improve democratic accountability, Internews organized 129 standardized debates, with at least one in each electoral district, to solicit the policy promises of the participating candidates. In the debates, the 59% of candidates who participated were asked a series of questions by moderating journalists on particular issues of local policy relevance, most often relating to district schools, primary healthcare facilities, and infrastructural investments. Rather than large townhall-style debates, the emphasis was on soliciting concrete policy platforms and promises from the candidates that would then be rebroadcast by community radio stations. To shock the supply of policy promises, we randomly varied the intensity of invitation efforts to persuade candidates to participate in the debates. The decision to participate is risky, particularly in clientelistic settings where the returns to programmatic competition can be both limited and highly uncertain. Candidates who ‘win’ a debate may enjoy greater publicity and net electoral gains, but ex ante they risk performing poorly, revealing their policy priorities to be disconnected from their constituents and restricting their ability to target campaign promises to small groups of influential voters. These risks are especially pronounced for the leading candidates (incumbents and their challengers), who enjoy greater resources for campaigning, are adapted to the existing clientelistic equilibrium, and are more likely to be attacked by opponents to gain publicity." (Pages 2-3) more

External Link (45)

Women Into Politics! Greater Female Participation in Cambodia: A Best-Practice Handbook 2016–2018

Kyle James

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2018), 35 pp.

"Women are a great untapped potential in Cambodia. That is the driving idea behind the EU-funded project “Women into Politics! Greater female participation in Cambodia”. This three-year project reached women from different regions in Cambodia and gave them the communications skills they needed t ... more

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Renforcer les relations entre police et médias pour la sécurité des journalistes et des élections pacifiques, libres et justes en Afrique de l’Ouest

Michelle Betz

Accra; Copenhagen: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA); International Media Support (IMS) (2018), 45 pp.

"La relation entre les médias et les agences de sécurité, y compris les services de police et de renseignement, a toujours été délicate. Dans le contexte de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, cette relation est souvent caractérisée par des affrontements fréquents, résultant d'une incapacité quelque pe ... more

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Iraqi TV Debates in the Run Up to Elections in May 2018: A Discourse Analysis by MICT

Anja Wollenberg

Berlin: Media in Cooperation and Transition (MiCT) (2018), 34 pp.

Elections 2019: Community Radio Toolkit Key Guides

Data Journalism in the Global South Deep Insights

Elections 2019: Community Radio Toolkit
Key Guides

Data Journalism in the Global South
Deep Insights