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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): El Salvador

Raiyan Kabir, Iris Palma, Peter Johnson

USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2023), 90 pp.

"The El Salvador Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) report presents the findings and recommendations of the El Salvador DECA. It outlines the key aspects of El Salvador’s digital ecosystem and provides 10 recommendations for creating a more inclusive, safe, and enabling environment. Guide ... more

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Vernacular Radio and the Practice of Resistance: Community Radio as a Cultural Tool to Engage on Health and Social Identities Among Marginalized Communities in Ghana

Emmanuel Essel, Eliza Govender

Journal of Radio & Audio Media, volume 30, issue 1 (2023), pp. 99-118

"This article explores how local values and social identities can be integrated into Ghana’s formal COVID-19 public health communication interventions using community radio. The study adopted a qualitative approach using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and reflexive thematic analysis ... more

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‘It is Guiding Us to Protect Ourselves’: A Qualitative Investigation Into Why Young People Engage with a Mass-Media HIV Education Campaign

Venetia Baker, Sarah Mulwa, Sophie Sarrassat, David Khanyile, Simon Cousens, Cherie Cawood, Isolde Birdthistle

Culture, Health & Sexuality, volume 25, issue 7 (2023), pp. 803-817

"This study explores how and why young people engage with MTV Shuga, a popular mass media campaign in South Africa, to understand what makes effective HIV edutainment. Young MTV Shuga viewers from the Eastern Cape, South Africa and their parents participated in remote individual interviews and focus ... more

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Freedom of Expression and Media Consumption Research in Armenia

Yerevan: Internews; USAID; Prisma Research and Analysis (2023), 71 pp.

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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Guatemala

Liliana Fernandez, Julio Herrera, Sergio Martinez, Susannah Horton

USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2023), 112 pp.

"The Guatemala DECA report presents the findings and recommendations of the Guatemala DECA. It outlines the key aspects of Guatemala’s digital ecosystem and provides nine recommendations for creating a more inclusive, safe, and enabling environment. Guided by USAID/Guatemala priorities: i) partner ... more

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Mis- and Disinformation: Media Perception and Consumption of Fake News in Lebanon

Nidal Ayoub

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2023), 20 pp.

"Participants in the study take a snapshot of a variety of news channels and social media platforms to get their news, evaluating their truthfulness and attempting to “figure out the truth.” Across different focus groups, there is a shared lack of trust in news channels, and no media outlet is p ... more

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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Mali

Sophia Anong, Bouchaib Bounabat, Patrick Malone

USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2023), 99 pp.

"The Mali Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) report presents the findings and recommendations of the Mali DECA. It outlines the key aspects of Mali’s digital ecosystem and provides 11 recommendations for creating a more inclusive, safe, and enabling environment. Guided by 3 USAID/Mali pri ... more

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Analisando as perspectivas climáticas decoloniais: O caso da região da Amazônia Legal brasileira

Pedro Affonso Ivo Franco, Marina Caetanoifa

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2023), 79 pp.

"Este estudo é realizado dentro da estrutura do Programa de Pesquisa do ifa „Cultura e Política Externa“, no qual especialistas analisam tópicos atuais das relações culturais internacionais e desenvolvem recomendações para futuras medidas de política cultural externa. Ele discute o poten ... more

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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Tanzania

Goodiel Moshi, Muriuk Mureithi, Judyth Engels, Susannah Horto

USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2023), 123 pp.

"The Tanzania DECA report presents the findings and recommendations of the Tanzania DECA. It outlines the key aspects of Tanzania’s digital ecosystem and provides 13 recommendations for creating a more inclusive, safe, and enabling environment. Guided by USAID/Tanzania priorities: i) foundational ... more

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Social media and online hostility: Experiences of women in Irish journalism

Dawn Wheatley

Dublin: Irish Research Council; Dublin City University (2023), 60 pp.

"The public’s increased access to journalists via social networks is arguably the defining shift in audience-media relations over the past two decades. While some laud this potential for dialogue, the reality is that many journalists face targeted hostility, with women often subjected to particula ... more

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Generation Z in Chile, Colombia, México, and Panama: Interests and New Digital Consumption Habits. Their Use of Instagram and TikTok

Eva Citlali Martínez Estrella, Eliana Samacá Salamanca, Ainhoa García Rivero, Carlos Cifuentes Ambra

Profesional de la Información, volume 32, issue 2 (2023), 15 pp.

"In a reality that combines the virtual with the physical and in a context of information saturation, there are consumers who are more critical, demanding, and less loyal. In this context, it is timely to know the new habits of the Centennials, so as to understand their behaviors and consumption tre ... more

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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Honduras

Ariel Magid, Mauricio Bastien Olvera, Jacqueline Foelster, Wendy Alas

USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2023), 116 pp.

"The Honduras Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) report presents the findings and recommendations of the Honduras DECA. It outlines the key aspects of Honduras' digital ecosystem and provides 9 recommendations for creating a more inclusive, safe, and enabling environment. Guided by USAID/Ho ... more

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Efficacy of Media Training on Extractive Sector Reporting in Nigeria

Akintunde Babatunde et al.

Abuja: Centre for Journalism Innovation and Development (CJID) (2023), 34 pp.

"This study aims to investigate media intervention in the extractive sector, like media training for journalists, and investigative reporting in the sector, to improve innovations designed to drive transparency and accountability. It also aims to understand the experiences of journalists and media o ... more

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Google Scholar (77)

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Arab authorities use digital surveillance to control press freedom: Journalists’ perceptions

Miral Sabry AlAshry

Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, volume 25, issue 3 (2023), pp. 250-266

"The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of digital surveillance by Arab authorities, which face risks and threats of surveillance, and how journalists seek to press freedom by using tools and techniques to communicate securely. Design/methodology/approach: The study used focus group ... more

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PNG Citizen Media Engagement Report 2023

Media Development Initiative (MDI); ABC International Development (2023), 59 pp.

"Traditional media, specifically, radio, newspaper, and television, are the key sources of information, followed by social media. Social media is a source of information for significantly more youths (aged 18 to 30 years), citizens living in urban areas, or in the Southern region, trending towards f ... urther growth in the future. Even so, radio and newspapers remain the top two information sources across all segments surveyed regardless of gender, age group, region, and density (urban/rural). Trust in information sources has generally declined since 2019, however citizens trust the sources of information they are using and while traditional and social media feature as key information sources, a range of other trustworthy sources of information were identified. In fact, the Church was rated the most trustworthy source of information amongst all demographics surveyed, reinforcing the role of religion in Papua New Guinean communities today, with traditional media following as the next most trusted sources of information. In the FGDs, youth shared stories about misleading information on social media and the internet, and perceived influence and bribery impacting the quality of some stories in traditional media. With 91% of internet users having seen misinformation or disinformation at least occasionally across online platforms, online sources are considered some of the least trustworthy sources of information [...] Mobile phones are the most accessible digital devices in Papua New Guinea, with 79% of citizens using them daily and a further 12% using them a few times a week. Frequency of mobile phone usage increases with educational attainment and is higher amongst those living in urban locations. Rising accessibility of smartphones is also widening the reach of internet and social media services, which continue to be accessed primarily through smartphones. Importantly, 60% of Papua New Guineans use the internet or social media even if only occassionally; usage is higher in urban locations, and the Southern and Momase regions, but declines with age. Half of all citizens use the internet or social media weekly and usage is more frequent with higher educational attainment, but lower for PWD. Using social media is the most popular internet activity, however obtaining information, accessing news, and for entertainment purposes are also popular. Engagement with social media declines with age, while use of internet banking or transferring money increases with age. Facebook is the most popular social media platform with 94% using it weekly, followed closely by WhatsApp at 84%. TikTok, Instagram, and Viber are relatively more popular amongst youths. PWD have the highest variety of social media platforms used weekly of any group and are more likely to use TikTok. Overall, quality of internet services is considered just OK considering affordability, speed, and reliability. Snapshot of Vulnerable Groups: This study examined media coverage, inclusivity, and issue-related measures for four (4) particular groups in society: youth, people with disability (PWD), women, and people living in rural and remote areas. Youth, women and rural citizen issues are being covered, but even so, people would like to see more coverage. There is a lot of room for improvement on PWD coverage. There is a general theme that the media is encouraged to tell stories about these groups, and that these stories should come from these people directly. There is a sense that discussions and stories around youth, PWD, women, and those in rural and remote areas are often sourced from those who are not in these categories. ‘Talk to them, not about them’ would be a good mantra to drive media inclusivity." (Executive summary, pages 5-6) more

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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Bangladesh

Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman, Raiyan Kabir, Connor Mackenzie, Olga Morawczynski

USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2023), 116 pp.

"The Bangladesh Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) report presents the findings and recommendations of the Bangladesh DECA. It outlines the key aspects of Bangladesh's digital ecosystem and provides 10 recommendations for creating a more inclusive, safe, and enabling environment. Guided by ... three USAID/Bangladesh priorities, which include i ) improved democratic systems that promote transparency, accountability, and integrity; ii) enhanced opportunities for an inclusive, healthy, educated society, and a robust economy; and iii) strengthened resilience to shocks and stressors, the DECA process included desk research, consultations with USAID/Bangladesh technical offices, and 81 key informant interviews with stakeholders from civil society, academia, and the private and public sectors. Key findings include: Bangladesh’s digital ecosystem has steadily evolved over the last decade; the Government of Bangladesh (GoB)'s Vision 2021 and Vision 2041 underscore the importance of Digital Bangladesh and have been drivers for digital transformation across the country. However, undefined roadmaps and uneven knowledge of digitalization among government officials undermine GoB’s efforts; limited digital literacy is a key barrier across all aspects of the ecosystem; connectivity is affected by poor quality of services and lack of affordable data; a growing ecosystem of locally relevant content is key to closing the usage gap; barriers in terms of funding and understanding user needs remain; Bangladesh ranks Number One in South Asia on the e-government academy’s National Cybersecurity Index (NCSI) in terms of the availability of necessary laws and policy, but there is significant room for improvement when it comes to the strength of implementation across the ecosystem; misinformation and disinformation are widespread in the digital sphere; mobile financial services are expansive in Bangladesh and increasingly inclusive; e-commerce and the tech startup environment have grown quickly due to an increase in international and domestic investments and an active private sector; an expansive digital talent pool exists, but they are not trained to their fullest potential, hindering their income potential and Bangladesh’s growth trajectory." (https://www.usaid.gov/digital-development) more

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"Verständlicher, nicht so politisch": Einblicke in die Bedürfnisse und Nutzungspraktiken gering informationsorientierter junger Menschen

Leonie Wunderlich, Sascha Hölig

Hamburg: Hans-Bredow-Institut (2023), 53 pp.

"Unter Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen gibt es eine zunehmend große Gruppe, die ein geringes Interesse am aktuellen Weltgeschehen hat, kaum Informationsangebote etablierter Medien nutzt und mit journalistischen Angeboten entsprechend kaum noch erreicht werden kann: die gering Informationsorient ... ierten, im Folgenden kurz GIO genannt. Junge Menschen, die sich diesem Informationstyp zuordnen lassen, haben in der Regel eine niedrige formale Bildung und oft einen Migrationshintergrund. Da bislang allerdings wenige (vor allem qualitative) Befunde dazu vorliegen, was diese jungen Menschen – neben soziodemografischen Merkmalen – auszeichnet, bestand das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie darin, ihre Informationsbedürfnisse, Nutzungspraktiken und Einstellungen genauer zu beleuchten. Hierzu wurden im Sommer 2023 in vier Großstädten in Deutschland zehn Fokusgruppen (n=46) mit solchen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen durchgeführt, die sich aufgrund ausgewählter soziodemografischer Merkmale der Gruppe der GIO zurechnen lassen. Die Fokusgruppen fanden in den Städten Hamburg, Bottrop (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Dresden (Sachsen) und Nürnberg (Bayern) statt. Im Folgenden werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammenfassend dargestellt. • Das allgemeine Bedürfnis, über das aktuelle Weltgeschehen Bescheid zu wissen und sich dementsprechend aktiv zu informieren, ist in der untersuchten Gruppe sehr gering ausgeprägt. Das hängt zum einen mit einer wahrgenommenen Distanz zu „typischen“ politikbezogenen Nachrichtenthemen zusammen; zum anderen damit, dass die Teilnehmenden in soziale Gruppen und Gefüge eingebunden sind, in denen es kaum relevant ist, Bescheid zu wissen. • Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es gesellschaftlich relevante Themen, mit denen sich die Teilnehmenden beschäftigen und die sie in der Freundesgruppe besprechen. Ausschlaggebend sind dabei persönliche Berührungspunkte; Themen müssen die eigene Person und Identität (Religion, Herkunft und Interessen) oder das engste Familien- und Freundesumfeld betreffen. • Den Bedürfnissen entsprechend lassen sich die Nutzungspraktiken der befragten Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen als beiläufige, passive und nahezu exklusive Informationsaufnahme im Kontext der Nutzung sozialer Medien – allen voran TikTok, YouTube und Instagram – zusammenfassen. Das Wissen über aktuelle Ereignisse basiert auf zufälligen Nachrichtenkontakten, die im Zusammenspiel mit dem Algorithmus der jeweiligen Plattform entstehen. Eine gezielte Informationssuche findet nur anlassbezogen und in der Regel mittels einer Google-Suche statt. • Gering Informationsorientierte haben ein schmales Informationsrepertoire, zu dem kaum journalistische Angebote zählen und auch nicht ergänzend hinzugezogen werden; vielmehr haben einzelne Social Media Content Creator wie Herr Anwalt oder Rezo die Rolle als Informationsquelle eingenommen, da diese a) die richtigen Themen, auf b) die richtige – neutrale – Art mit c) der entsprechenden unterhaltenden Darstellungsweise behandeln und d) als vertrauenswürdig wahrgenommen werden, wodurch sie e) das Interesse von jungen Leuten wecken. Allgemein präferieren die Befragten visuelle Formate, die den über TikTok kultivierten Konsumgewohnheiten sowie ihren impulsgesteuerten Nutzungspraktiken gerecht werden. • Trotz der großen Relevanz und Beliebtheit von TikTok und anderen Plattformen wird deutlich, dass diese für die Teilnehmenden ein schwierig zu navigierendes und unsicheres Informationsumfeld darstellen. Dies liegt zum einen am überwiegend negativen und „toxischen“ Content, der dort verbreitet wird. Zum anderen führen sowohl „Fake-Accounts“ als auch „Fake-Inhalte“ zu Unsicherheiten und in der Konsequenz zu fehlendem Vertrauen in die Inhalte in sozialen Medien allgemein – eine Differenzierung nach Accounttyp bzw. Absender wird dabei oftmals nicht getroffen." (Überblick über die wichtigsten Ergebnisse, S.5) more

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Enduring Blindspots & Infinite Opportunities: Digital Creative Industries in Uganda

Bobina Zulfa et al.

Kampala: Pollicy (2022), 49 pp.

"This study aims to understand the experiences of digital creatives in Kampala, Uganda, through a gendered lens. There is a large gap in the availability of data and knowledge on the digital creative industry in Uganda and this paper aims to address some of these blindspots. To understand these expe ... more

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Exploring attitudes towards online news: The role of online intermediaries in news consumption

Ofcom; Ipsos (2022), 60 pp.

"Ofcom has identified three features not currently captured under the existing regulatory framework that may present a risk to media plurality: online intermediaries and their algorithms control the prominence they give to different news sources and stories; the basis on which online intermediaries ... more

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Youth and Independent Media in Palestine: Focus Group Findings

Jad Safwan

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 8 pp.

"1. Social media is a key resource for news. A primary factor is its friendly user interface. It also acts as a “one-stop-shop” where users can shape the types of media they consume. This forms a stark contrast with offline media, which made little notable presence for attendees across all group ... more