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A Fragmented Landscape: Barriers to Independent Media in Iraq
London: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Middle East Centre (2019), 15 pp.
"Fundamentally, this paper argues that the lack of political will combined with the failure of state-building processes to develop the frameworks and institutions to support independent media is maintaining a media landscape that reflects the key political challenges of Iraq. The politics of success
...
Media Capture in Europe
Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2019), 25 pp.
"The collusion between the political class and media owners [in Central and Eastern Europe] has reached unprecedented levels, leading to a phenomenon known as media capture, a situation where most or all of the news media institutions are operating as part of a government-business cartel that contro
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Media corruption and issues of journalistic and institutional integrity in post-communist countries: The case of Bulgaria
Communist and Post-Communist Studies, volume 52, issue 1 (2019), pp. 71-79
"From a normative standpoint the media are usually seen as one of the pillars of a national integrity system, entrusted with the tasks of exposing and preventing acts of corruption and educating the public of the harm caused by corruption. Nevertheless, corruption continues to be one of the most sig
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Media Influence Matrix: Kazakhstan. Funding Journalism
Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 26 pp.
"Only three of the ten most popular television channels in Kazakhstan are not government-owned. Former President Nursultan Nazarbayev directly or through his family, also owns television channels. For example, KTK, the second most watched television channel in the country is run by the Foundation of
...
Fighting Words: Journalism Under Assault in Central and Eastern Europe
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 30 pp.
"To understand the situation and examine what can be done to address it, we sent out a questionnaire to journalists in 16 countries in the region, asking them about the state of press freedom and the areas in which they felt their ability to work was being curtailed. We also asked them about sources
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Paying the Piper: The Sustainability of the News Industry and Journalism in South Africa in a Time of Digital Transformation and Political Uncertainty
Rhodes University, School of Journalism and Media Studies (2018), 108 pp.
"This report explores the recent trajectory of South African news with a specific focus on the economic sustainability of news media. Digital news consumption on mobile phone, and especially via Social Media on Smart Phones (SMSP) is fracturing audiences and reducing traditional sources of revenue.
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Media Ownership Monitor Albania
Reporters Without Borders; Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) (2018), 871 pp.
"The boundaries between media, politics and business have always been blurry in Albania. However, because of the small size and the high number of outlets the market was perceived by some local observers as vibrant and plural. However, a joint research project between Reporters Without Borders and t
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Media Ownership Monitor Lebanon
Reporters Without Borders; Samir Kassir Foundation (2018), 1323 pp.
"The seemingly buzzing Lebanese media market is, in fact, controlled by only a few highly politicized owners that are either directly affiliated with political parties or belong to Lebanese dynasties. Additional threats to media pluralism arise from clear editorial lines defined by politics, close t
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The Feasibility of a Public Service Orientation in the Western Balkans: Complications for a ‘networked Society’ in an Illiberal Context
"This chapter analyses contextual factors that are common to the seven countries of this region that affect developing a genuine public service orientation in media policies and performance. By better understanding historical legacies, inadequate technological development and late entry into digital
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Brought to You by Foreigners, Warlords, and Local Activists: TV and the Afghan Culture Wars
In: Modern Afghanistan: The Impact of 40 Years of War
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press (2018), pp. 149-176
"Without a doubt, the combined power of the public arena and broadcast media is a very efective social tool for collective action in Afghanistan. Yet there are serious limits to both the media’s self-advocacy and the public’s strong and unwavering support. Te media-related crimes and murders men
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Media Leaks and Corruption in Brazil: The Infostorm of Impeachment and the Lava-Jato Scandal
London et al.: Routledge (2018), 222 pp.
"Analyzing the political consequences of the most extensive corruption investigation in recent Latin American history, Operação Lava-Jato, this book answers two central questions about the contradictory effects news media has on political systems. First, how can political actors in a seemingly wel
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Control the Money, Control the Media: How Government Uses Funding to Keep Media in Line
Journalism, volume 19, issue 8 (2018), pp. 1-18
"The media industry has been ravaged by the economic crises. Some media, mainly those covering tabloid fare and digitally savvier than others or those backed by deep-pocketed investors, are surviving or even thriving. But independent journalism outfits, particularly outside the Western world, have b
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Media Ownership Monitor Mexico
Reporters Without Borders; Centro Nacional de Comunicación Social (Cencos) (2018), 1547 pp.
"Mexico’s booming media industry is controlled by some of the richest businessmen on earth. While the sector grows at a rate three times that of the overall economy, an alarming concentration of media ownership goes hand in hand with the well-known lack of safety for Mexico’s journalists, many o
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Mass Media in the Post-Soviet World: Market Forces, State Actors, and Political Manipulation in the Informational Environment After Communism
Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag (2018), 446 pp.
"This collection covers the major trends of the media environment of the post-Communist world and their recent development, with special focus on Russia and the post-Soviet space. The term ‘media environment’ covers not just traditional print and electronic media, but new media as well, and rang
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Ukraine's Post-Communist Mass Media: Between Capture and Commercialization
Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag (2017), 174 pp.
"In the period after the fall of communism, peculiar new obstacles to media independence have arisen. They include the telltale structure of media ownership, with news reporting being concentrated in the hands of politically engaged business tycoons, the fuzzy and contradictory legislation of the me
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The Political Economy of Media Capture: What Influences Media Capture in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and How Does This Present Opportunities and Challenges for Progress in Achieving Key Components of SDG 16?
London: London School of Economics (LSE), Capstone Project (2017), vii, 75 pp.
"In South Sudan, media capture, media market and audience segmentation are driven by: the ongoing civil conflict (since 2013), ethnic and linguistic divisions, a lack of rule of law, the legacy of clientelistic networks in the media and the government, a stark urban-rural divide, and a lack of infra
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Media Ownership Monitor Morocco
Reporters Without Borders; Le Desk (2017), 618 pp.
"Nine of the 36 media companies involved in Morocco’s most influential media are directly linked to the state, the government or the royal family. Four of them – SOREAD, SNRT, EcoMedias and Horizon Press – are among the most important media companies in terms of turnover and show the potential
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Pluralism Under Attack: The Assault on Press Freedom in Poland
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2017), 20 pp.
"Poland has become a crucial battleground in the drive by authoritarian-minded leaders to gain control over political discourse and limit media pluralism. The Law and Justice government has sought to control the media as part of a broader push to weaken checks and balances and silence independent vo
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