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"Three-fourths (74%) of Batswana say they are gsomewhat freeh or gcompletely freeh to say what they think, although 24% disagree. The share who feel free to speak their minds is up by 6 percentage points since 2022 (68%) but remains below the historic high of 93% in 2008. Botswana ranks abov
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Zimbabweans support media’s watchdog role, split on whether there is press freedom
Afrobarometer (2025), 11 pp.
"Recent Afrobarometer survey findings show that fully two-thirds of Zimbabweans think the media should act as a watchdog over the government, investigating and reporting on government mistakes and corruption. A similar proportion value media freedom and reject the notion that the government should b
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Even before wartime restrictions, Sudan media faced weak public backing for press freedom
Afrobarometer (2025), 12 pp.
"This dispatch looks at Sudanese citizens’ attitudes regarding media freedom as of late 2022, i.e. during the period between the military coup and the beginning of the civil war. Afrobarometer survey findings show that Sudanese were divided both in their support for media freedom and in their asse
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Basotho support media’s watchdog role, but many doubt that their media is free
Afrobarometer (2025), 9 pp.
"According to the 2024 Afrobarometer survey, strong majorities of Basotho value media freedom and say the media should act as a watchdog over the government, constantly investigating and reporting on government mistakes and corruption. But on whether media freedom exists in practice in their country
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"According to the most recent Afrobarometer survey, in late 2022, Emaswati broadly agree that the media should act as a watchdog over the government, exposing government missteps and wrongdoing. Citizens value media freedom and reject the notion that public information should be the exclusive preser
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Namibians head for elections with confidence in the freedom of their press
Afrobarometer (2024), 8 pp.
"According to the most recent Afrobarometer survey, Namibians value media freedom and broadly agree that the media should act as a watchdog over the government, constantly investigating and reporting on government mistakes and corruption. A majority say media freedom does exist in practice in their
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Veiled transparency: Access to public information remains elusive despite progress on right-to-information laws
Afrobarometer (2024), 17 pp.
"Across 39 countries surveyed in 2021/2023, a majority of Africans express support for public access to information such as local government budgets, local government bids and contracts, and even the salaries of public officials and teachers. But although demand for public information is high, few c
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Mauritians strongly endorse media freedom and public access to government information
Afrobarometer (2024), 11 pp.
"Mauritians take a strong stand on freedom of information: Overwhelming majorities value the media’s role as a watchdog on government, think the media should be free of government interference, and demand public access to information held by the government, such as budgets and contracts. A majorit
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"A large majority (71%) of Ethiopians "agree" or "strongly agree" that the media should "constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and corruption." About six in 10 citizens (59%) endorse the principle that the media "should have the right to publish any views and ideas without governm
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"Findings from the most recent Afrobarometer survey, in late 2022, show that most South Africans say the media should act as a watchdog over the government, constantly investigating and reporting on government mistakes and corruption. Citizens value media freedom and reject the notion that the gover
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Basotho reject government restrictions on information, support media’s watchdog role
Afrobarometer (2024), 11 pp.
"Basotho value the media’s role as a watchdog on government and support media freedom, but they are divided on whether their country’s media is actually free. Majorities endorse public access to government-held information such as bids and contracts, local government council budgets, and salarie
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Africa’s shifting media landscapes: Digital media use grows, but so do demographic divides
Afrobarometer (2024), 19 pp.
"Afrobarometer data support the notion that the use of digital media is exploding across the continent, although rates of uptake may have slowed in recent years. However, these new media environments also pose challenges. Reduced barriers to access and the decline of gatekeepers can also mean that f
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Batswana insist on media freedom, favour citizens’ right to government information
Afrobarometer (2024), 12 pp.
"About three-quarters (76%) of Batswana say the media should "constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and corruption." A similar share (77%) insist on media freedom, while 20% say the government should have the right to prevent the publication of things it disapproves of. In particu
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Seychellois support media freedom, endorse access to information held by government
Afrobarometer (2024), 10 pp.
"What are Seychelles citizens’ perceptions of their media? Findings from the most recent Afrobarometer survey, conducted in late 2022, show that a majority of Seychellois support the media’s role as a watchdog over the government. Most citizens say the public should have access to information he
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Angolans reject government restrictions on information, say media should report freely
Afrobarometer (2023), 11 pp.
"According to the most recent Afrobarometer survey, Angolans broadly agree that the media should act as a watchdog over the government, constantly investigating and reporting on government mistakes and corruption. Citizens value media freedom and reject the notion that public information should be t
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"The survey data show that most Zimbabweans treasure a media that is free from the shackles of government interference and that acts as a watchdog over government, investigating and reporting on its mistakes and corruption. Despite this dominant preference, only a minority think the country currentl
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Digital Divide: Who in Africa is Connected and Who is Not
Deep Insights
Afrobarometer (2022), 22 pp.
"Afrobarometer finds that most Africans own a mobile phone and have access to a mobile phone network. However, fewer than half own a mobile phone with Internet access, and even fewer have access to a computer. This translates to low levels of Internet use in many countries. Lack of Internet access a
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Promise and peril: In changing media landscape, Africans are concerned about social media but opposed to restricting access
Afrobarometer (2022), 22 pp.
"Radio remains overwhelmingly the most common source for news in Africa. On average across 34 surveyed countries, two-thirds (68%) of respondents tune in at least a few times a week. Digital media use for news is growing quickly. Between 2014/2015 and 2019/2021, the share of Africans who get news fr
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Liberians Want a Free Media – Within Limits – and Unrestricted Access to Social Media
Afrobarometer (2021), 12 pp.
"Radio is the dominant news source in Liberia, tuned in “every day” or “a few times a week” by 87% of adults. Almost four in 10 citizens (38%) say they regularly get news from the Internet and social media, while only about one in five are regular consumers of news via television (21%) and n
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Ugandans See Social Media as Beneficial and Want Unrestricted Access, But Are Wary of its Use to Spread Fake News
Afrobarometer (2021), 11 pp.
"Daily news consumption via social media (11%) and the Internet (9%) has doubled in Uganda since 2015, though these platforms still lag far behind television (27%) and radio (54%) as daily news sources. Six in 10 Ugandans (60%) say they are aware of social media. Awareness is less widespread among w
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