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Brazil's Electoral Justice Permanent Program on Countering Disinformation: Strategic Plan Elections 2022

Aline Rezende Peres Osorio, Frederico Franco Alvim, Giselly Siqueira et al.

Brasilia: Brazil Superior Electoral Court; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) (2022), 61 pp.

"The actions to be developed are distributed in three axes: (i) Inform, aimed at the dissemination of official, reliable and quality information; (ii) Empower, aimed at media literacy and training the whole of society to understand the phenomenon of disinformation and the functioning of the electora ... l process; and (iii) Respond, related to the identification of cases of disinformation and the adoption of strategies, both preventive and repressive, to contain its negative effects. For the 2022 electoral cycle, the first axis has five projects with their own purposes and goals. They are: (i) mass dissemination network of truthful and official information about elections and the Electoral Justice; (ii) chatbot – electoral queries on WhatsApp; (iii) access, dissemination and enhancement of the scope of fact checking on the electoral process; (iv) deepening electoral transparency; (v) development and improvement of other technological tools and digital channels to disseminate true and quality information. In this strategic point, the Court’s action is guided by the preferential position of freedom of expression, in the legal system, by encouraging plurality of information. Likewise, information actions meet the recommendations for “prophylactic” prebunking actions (that is, strategies to reduce citizens’ susceptibility to disinformation by exposing examples of how disinformation operates). The second axis, in turn, includes seven initiatives: (i) training for internal and external audiences on disinformation, on the integrity of Brazilian elections and on the fundamentality of the Electoral Justice as an institution that guarantees democracy; (ii) prevention of the mental health of members, agents and collaborators of the Electoral Justice who deal directly with actions to contain disinformation; (iii) training the internal and external public on the electoral process, including the functions performed by it in the context of the democratic rule of Law; (iv) awareness campaigns on disinformation and media and information education actions for the external public; (v) cooperation and actions to enhance reaching partners’ media and information literacy initiatives; (vi) dialog with political parties and party federations to make them aware of their responsibility in the context of fighting against disinformation; (vii) support to other public institutions to implement actions to confronting disinformation. Finally, the response axis encompasses eight projects: (i) permanent coalition for verification; (ii) engagement of digital platforms and their technological resources in confronting structured networks of disinformation and inauthentic behavior; (iii) reporting channel for mass shooting of content in partnership with WhatsApp; (iv) creating a network to monitor disinformation practices against the electoral process; (v) containment of disinformation on Telegram; (vi) partnership and dialog with the Federal Police and the Electoral Prosecutor Office; (vii) Strategic Cyberintelligence Committee and (viii) review and elaboration of norms that acts against the practice of disinformation in the Electoral Justice, as a way of preventing the phenomenon in question. Concerning to this point, the planning met the parameters of timely response, appreciation of fact checking, importance of engagement and transparency of platforms, as well as the expansion and improvement of channels for complaints." (Presentation, page 5-6) more

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Estudio de riesgos al pluralismo 2022: Propiedad, participación y contienda electoral en la TV colombiana

Comisión de Regulación de Comunicaciones (CRCOM) (2022), 26 pp.

"En el primer capítulo se expone cómo se están dando las dinámicas de participación ciudadana en la TV abierta. El segundo capítulo ahonda en la caracterización de los controlantes de los operadores de TV abierta. El tercer capítulo expone las tendencias en materia de pluralismo de los progr ... more

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Russische Medien in Deutschland. Die Bundestagswahlen 2021 – Zwischen Einflussnahme und Desinformation

Susanne Spahn

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2022), 29 pp.

"Während in Russland immer mehr unabhängige Medien der staatlichen Kontrolle unterworfen und als „ausländische Agenten“ gebrandmarkt werden, nutzen die russischen Staatsmedien die Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit in Deutschland, um ungehindert Desinformation zu verbreiten. Nach acht Jahren Berich ... more

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The Mediatization of Politics in Cameroon: A Political Actor-Centric Approach

Christian Nounkeu Tatchou

African Journalism Studies, volume 43, issue 1 (2022), pp. 107-126

"This article examines the connection between political parties’ perceptions of the importance of news media as source of political information, and the extent to which they adapt their communications to the standards, routines, formats and logic of the news media in Cameroon. This, with the objec ... more

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The Freedom to Conduct and Publish Opinion Polls: A 2022 Worldwide Update

Kathy Frankovic, David A. Jodice, Kseniya Kizilova, See Toh Wai Yu

ESOMAR (2022), 99 pp.

"Although the share of countries with limits on the publication of pre-election polls has dropped to 46%, an additional 24 countries (15%) do not permit election polling at all. Governments in one-third of countries officially regulate polls. More than one in four countries have taboos on publishing ... surveys about religion, and one in five reject polling on crime and on voting. Many countries do not have access to in-country training in survey research. In 43% of the 157 countries, the quality of reporting about polls in the news media is rated as somewhat or very low quality, nearly twice as high as the share of countries who see local journalistic reporting as of somewhat or very high quality. Polling itself has become more difficult due to budget cuts, increased costs of data collection, and lowered response rates. Regions like Latin America stand out as different in many areas. Latin America has the highest share of countries with pre-election poll embargoes. Nearly all countries report embargoes, and it is the region where embargoes are the longest on average (the median embargo length is seven days, though polling is more accurate the closer to election day it is conducted). In addition, more than any other region, Latin American countries report that personal interviewing is not safe. Nearly half of countries there (47%) believe that interviewers conducting face-to-face surveys are either somewhat or very unsafe, almost three times the global percentage. Europe is the region with the second largest percentage of embargoes (behind Latin America), but for half of those countries, the restrictions on publication last only two or three days. European countries, as well as those in Sub-Saharan Africa and North America & the Caribbean, are also the most likely to have professional associations to deal with complaints about polling and to promulgate standards. While it appears from the tables that parts of Asia Pacific Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa might not have pre-election restrictions on the publication of polls, in nearly a third of those countries in West Asia & North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, it is not permitted to publish polls about elections and voting (in about a quarter of countries in those two regions, polls about voting cannot even be conducted)." (Executive summary) more

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Les élections en Afrique: Analyse des comportements et pistes normatives de gestion des conflits

Fweley Diangitukwa

Geneva: Globethics.net (2022), 426 pp.

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Comunales 2020 au Benin: Gestion d'une campagne électorale exclusivement mediatique. Livre blanc

Cotonou: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 96 pp.

"Le présent livre blanc passe au peigne fin le parcours trépidant de la HAAC pendant cette campagne inédite au Bénin et dans le monde. Il retrace et analyse les activités menées par la HAAC dans le cadre des communales de 2020, en pointant singulièrement la période de campagne électorale qu ... more

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Internet Shutdowns and Elections Handbook: A Guide for Election Observers, Embassies, Activists, and Journalists

Access Now; KeepItOn (2021), 10 pp.

"This handbook explains how internet shutdowns undermine democractic elections and provides tips and recommendations for key actors to navigate shutdowns and understand and assess the extent to which an election taking place under a shutdown is free and fair. It is aimed at election observers, peopl ... more

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Candidate Advertisements and Afro-Brazilian Political Marginalization

Andrew Janusz, Luiz Augusto Campos

Latin American Research Review (LARR), volume 56, issue 4 (2021), pp. 761-778

"Television is an important political tool in Latin America. In recognition of its ability to shape public opinion and influence political behavior, Brazilian electoral authorities provide political parties with free television airtime in the weeks preceding elections. While Brazil’s publicly fina ... more

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Media Environment Before and After 2021 Elections: Threats and Supportive Instruments

Mariam Gersamia, Maia Toradze

Tbilisi: Media and Communication Educational and Research Center (MCERC) (2021), 65 pp.

"The study revealed the macro and micro media threats that come to light in the digital and physical media environments prior to and following elections. The media environment observed during the 2021 self-government elections was representative of the reality seen through the eyes of media workers, ... more

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Publicidad electoral en redes sociales. PubliElectoral: Una herramienta en búsqueda de transparencia.

Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC) (2021), 42 pp.

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Les espaces des (im)possibles: Les médias en Afrique du Nord depuis les années 1990

Bachir Benaziz, Abdelfettah Benchenna, Dominique Marchetti (eds.)

Centre Jacques-Berque (2021), 239 pp.

"De façon paradoxale, l’étude du journalisme et des médias occupe une place très réduite dans les recherches en sciences sociales et humaines sur l’Afrique du Nord, alors même que les espaces médiatiques dans cette région connaissent depuis les décennies 1990 et 2000 des transformations ... more

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Technology and Elections in Uganda: A Digital Rights View of the January 2021 General Elections

Kampala: CIPESA (2020), 12 pp.

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Entre información y conspiración: Comunicación digital en tiempos de crisis

Gil Castillo, Juan Sebastián Delgado (coord.)

Montevideo: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2020), 102 pp.

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How Do Indonesian Media Portray the 2019 Presidential Debate? A Study of Media Coverage in Urban Setting

M. Rinaldi Camil, Natasha H. Attamimi, Klara Esti

Centre for Innovation Policy and Governance (CIPG); Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2020), vi, 47 pp.

"In this research, we found that: 1. The media tend to play safe during the 2019 presidential election. When addressing certain issues, the media rarely provided their own in-depth analysis based on certain values. They let the public decide by itself by bring debates and use comments from prominent ... more

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Les médias en Amérique Latine: Dire et construire l'actualité latino-américaine

Morgan Donot, Églantine Samouth, Yeny Serrano (eds.)

Paris: L'Harmattan (2020), 318 pp.

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Comunicación política y elecciones en el Perú: Avanzando en certezas

Sandro Macassi Lavander (ed.)

Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Fondo Editorial; Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación y Política (GICYP); (2020), 357 pp.

"Los artículos reunidos en esta publicación estudian los procesos electorales a partir de conceptos como enmarcamiento, polarización, cultura política, prominencia o deliberación, que hacen que la reflexión sea menos coyuntural y comprenda procesos de más largo aliento, con una pluralidad met ... more

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Media and Elections: African Perspectives

Marie-Soleil Frère

In: Media Studies: Critical African and Decolonial Approaches

Sarah Chiumbu, Mehita Iqani (eds.)

Cape Town: Oxford University Press Southern Africa (2020), pp. 149-172

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Élections et communication en R. D. Congo: Analyse pragmatique du discours politique de la Commission électorale

Nicaise Ibula N’Kawa

Paris: L'Harmattan (2020), 433 pp.

"Le discours politique de la Commission électorale nationale indépendante révèle des informations inédites qui décrivent les intérêts conflictuels que cette institution gère. La CENI, admise parmi les structures d’interaction entre l’État et le peuple, évolue dans un contexte où les ... more

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The ‘changing’ Face of Media Discourses on Poverty in the Age of Populism and Anti-Globalisation: The Political Appeal of Anti-Modernity and Certainty in Brazil

Jairo Lugo-Ocando

International Communication Gazette, volume 82, issue 1 (2020), pp. 101-116

"This article analyses how the political right in parts of the Global South has appropriate agendas and issues that in the past were often associated to the political left and presented them instead as their own. It does so by articulating narratives around poverty and social exclusion in the contex ... more