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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Kirsten Eddy, Craig T. Robertson, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 158 pp.

"Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) now say they prefer to start their news journeys with a website or app – that’s down 10 percentage points since 2018. Publishers in a few smaller Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are ... showing a weaker connection with news brands’ own websites and apps than previous cohorts – preferring to access news via side-door routes such as social media, search, or mobile aggregators. • Facebook remains one of the most-used social networks overall, but its influence on journalism is declining as it shifts its focus away from news. It also faces new challenges from established networks such as YouTube and vibrant youth-focused networks such as TikTok. The Chinese-owned social network reaches 44% of 18–24s across markets and 20% for news. It is growing fastest in parts of Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America. • When it comes to news, audiences say they pay more attention to celebrities, influencers, and social media personalities than journalists in networks like TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat. This contrasts sharply with Facebook and Twitter, where news media and journalists are still central to the conversation. • Much of the public is sceptical of the algorithms used to select what they see via search engines, social media, and other platforms. Less than a third (30%) say that having stories selected for me on the basis of previous consumption is a good way to get news, 6 percentage points lower than when we last asked the question in 2016. Despite this, on average, users still slightly prefer news selected this way to that chosen by editors or journalists (27%), suggesting that worries about algorithms are part of a wider concern about news and how it is selected. • Despite hopes that the internet could widen democratic debate, we find fewer people are now participating in online news than in the recent past. Aggregated across markets, only around a fifth (22%) are now active participators, with around half (47%) not participating in news at all. In the UK and United States, the proportion of active participators has fallen by more than 10 percentage points since 2016. Across countries we find that this group tends to be male, better educated, and more partisan in their political vie ws. • Trust in the news has fallen, across markets, by a further 2 percentage points in the last year, reversing in many countries the gains made at the height of the Coronavirus pandemic. On average, four in ten of our total sample (40%) say they trust most news most of the time. Finland remains the country with the highest levels of overall trust (69%), while Greece (19%) has the lowest after a year characterised by heated arguments about press freedom and the independence of the media." (Summary, page 10) more

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Histories of Children's Television Around the World
Deep Insights

Yuval Gozansky (ed.)

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2023), viii, 288 pp.

"This edited book based on a collective effort of researchers and professionals dedicated to compile the stories of children's television around the world. With 12 national chapters, the book includes historical accounts of children's television from the following countries: Australia, Brazil, Canad ... more

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News Podcast Use, Press Freedom, and Political Participation: A Cross-National Study of 38 Countries

Yoonmo Sang, Sunyoung Park, Jiwon Kim, Sora Park

International Journal of Communication, volume 17 (2023), pp. 1402-1424

"This study investigates the use and effects of news podcasts on online and offline political participation, based on a global survey of news consumers from 38 countries. The results demonstrate that political participation, both online and offline, is directly affected by news podcast use. Online d ... more

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Measuring Digital Development. Facts and Figures: Focus on Least Developed Countries

Geneva: ITU (2023), v, 21 pp.

"[...] This publication provides an overview of the state of digital connectivity in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), drawing on the data from ITU’s flagship publication Facts and Figures 2022. Since the Fourth United Nations Conference on Least Developed Countries in 2011, progress has been made ... more

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Internet Shutdowns: A Human Rights Issue

Julia Ryng, Guillemette Guicherd, Judy Al Saman, Priyanka Choudhury, Kellett, Angharad

RUSI Journal, volume 167, issue 4-5 (2023), pp. 50-63

"The internet is a double-edged sword: civilians can mobilise it to assemble and voice dissent, but illiberal regimes can also weaponise it to consolidate power and suppress any form of opposition. Internet shutdowns – intentional disruptions of internet services – represent one method used to l ... more

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Journalistic role conceptions and performance in the global south: A comparison between Egypt and the UAE during COVID-19

Maha Abdulmajeed, Rasha El-Ibiary

International Communication Gazette, volume 85, issue 8 (2023), pp. 646-662

"Journalists in Egypt and the UAE have been differently challenged by the COVID-19 situation at multiple levels, (1) individual (2) work/routines and (3) media/organizational while covering COVID-19. Using the hierarchy of influences model, we analyze the differentiated journalists’ role conceptio ... more

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Vibrant Information Barometer: Europe & Eurasia
Deep Insights

Washington, DC: IREX; USAID (2023), 355 pp.

"The 2023 Europe and Eurasia Vibrant Information Barometer (VIBE) covers 18 countries throughout Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia. With VIBE, IREX strives to capture a modern and evolving media space where people are simultaneously producers, transmitters, consumers, and actors in the information t ... hat influences their lives and environments. This year’s edition focuses on the media and information space across the countries in the study during calendar year 2022, capturing the impact of the Kremlin’s February full-scale invasion of Ukraine. VIBE looks at four principles of information vibrancy: Principle 1: Information Quality; Principle 2: Multiple Channels: How Information Flows; Principle 3: Information Consumption and Engagement; Principle 4: Transformative Action: How Information Drives Behavior. VIBE includes 20 indicators that capture the most important elements of these four principles, and it relies on information from country experts who complete a VIBE questionnaire, provide scores for sub-indicators that support each of the 20 main indicators along with evidence to justify their scores, and then contribute to a panel discussion led by a moderator [...] For countries in Europe and Eurasia (E&E) included in this year’s publication, country-level scores were, again, mainly split into two VIBE classifications: Somewhat Vibrant (North Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Armenia, Moldova, and Ukraine) and Slightly Vibrant (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Russia, and Serbia). Azerbaijan and Belarus held the lowest scores in E&E, putting them in the Not Vibrant classification. In Central Asia, this year’s study put Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan in the Slightly Vibrant category. Turkmenistan’s score of 1 put it in the Not Vibrant classification. At the overall score level, some countries--including Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ukraine, and Moldova—saw increases in their scores. Others such as Serbia, North Macedonia, Kosovo, and Montenegro received the same country-level scores as they did in the 2022 VIBE study. Finally, other countries—including Albania, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, and Russia—experienced a decline in their country-level scores. Principle 1’s (Information Quality) lowest scores tended to fall in the indicator examining insufficient resources for content production and harmful information. Rapidly evolving models for financing media, declining advertising in traditional print and broadcast media, international tech giants siphoning off advertising funds, and local and global inflationary pressures, have all contributed to a financing desert for media. Many media are reliant on political or business benefactors for livelihood, while others look to international funding agencies for their survival." (Executive summary, page 7) more

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The Dynamics of Influence on Press Freedom in Different Media Systems: A Comparative Study

Theodora A. Maniou

Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 9 (2023), pp. 1937-1961

"his study focuses on contributing to the emerging international research agenda regarding press freedom, moving beyond the already established factors that relate to political and industrial norms as influences on press freedom. Its primary goal is to explore the dynamics of influence on press free ... more

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Digital 2023: Global Overview Report

Simon Kemp (ed.)

We Are Social; Meltwater (2023), 465 slides

"Over the past twelve months, the world’s digital behaviours have shown some of the most profound changes we’ve seen in years, even compared with “the pandemic years”. And in fact, our top story in this year’s report doesn’t relate to digital growth, but to an overall decline in the amou ... more

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The Media and Inequality

Steve Schifferes, Sophie Knowles (eds.)

Abingdon; New York: Routledge (2023), 264 pp.

"This book brings together a vast range of pre-eminent experts, academics, and practitioners to interrogate the role of media in representing economic inequality. It explores and deconstructs the concept of economic inequality by examining the different dimensions of inequality and how it has evolve ... more

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Media and Information Literacy

Divina Frau-Meigs

Paris: UNESCO; Global Education Monitoring Report Team (2023), 18 pp.

"This report examines the regional and global state of Media and Information Literacy (MIL), a major theme identified in the Education 2030 Framework for Action. It is divided in three major sections: 1) definition of MIL, 2) good practices (curricula and pedagogy, teacher preparation, assessment) a ... more

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Fighting Lies with Facts or Humor: Comparing the Effectiveness of Satirical and Regular Fact-Checks in Response to Misinformation and Disinformation

Mark Boukes, Michael Hameleers

Communication Monographs, volume 90, issue 1 (2023), pp. 69-91

"This study tested the effectiveness of fact-check format (regular vs. satirical) to refute different types of false information. Specifically, we conducted a pre-registered online survey experiment (N = 849) that compared the effects of regular fact-checkers and satirist refutations in response to ... more

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Digital 2024: Global Overview Report
Deep Insights

Simon Kemp (ed.)

We Are Social; Meltwater (2023), 561 slides

"Overall digital growth has slowed over recent years, but this is to be expected as internet users reach “supermajority” status. However, while almost two thirds of the world’s total population is now online, 2.7 billion people remain “unconnected” at the start of 2024, and adoption rates ... more

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Medienpolitik: Grundlagen für Wissenschaft und Praxis
Deep Insights

Manuel Puppis

München: UVK, 3., vollständig überarb. und erw. Aufl. (2023), 366 pp.

"Digitalisierung, Transnationalisierung und Kommerzialisierung stellen die Medienpolitik vor große Herausforderungen. Wie kann sichergestellt werden, dass Medien und Plattformen ihre wichtige Funktion in einer demokratischen Gesellschaft erfüllen? In diese Thematik führt Manuel Puppis systematisc ... more

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Comparing the Platformization of News Media Systems: A Cross-Country Analysis

Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Richard Fletcher

European Journal of Communication, volume 38, issue 5 (2023), pp. 484-499

"Platformization has been used to describe how platforms such as Facebook, Google, Twitter, WhatsApp and TikTok have become increasingly important for how people communicate and access information, including news. But to what extent have news media systems in different countries become platformized? ... more

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Observatorio Iberoamericano de Ficción Televisiva OBITEL 2023. As produtoras independentes e a internacionalização da produção de ficção televisiva na Ibero-América = Las productoras independientes y la internacionalización de la producción de ficción televisiva en Iberoamérica
Deep Insights

Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, Juan Piñon, Catarina Duff Burnay, Rosario Sánchez Vilela, Mónica S. Kirchheimer (eds.)

Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile (2023), 367 pp.

"Probablemente, el indicador más elocuente del descenso en la producción es que, sumados, los mismos países produjeron en 2022 un 54% de lo que producían en 2012. El gráfico 3 muestra las caídas ocurridas en cada país. A nivel agregado, los niveles de producción de 2012 son similares a los ... de 2017, pero a partir de ahí empieza una disminución que se agudiza durante la pandemia, se recupera parcialmente en 2021 y vuelve a caer en 2022. A los factores ya mencionados como algunas de las posibles causas de la caída, el descenso inversión publicitaria y desplazamiento de hacia las plataformas, cabe considerar otros dos que apuntan a la sustitución: la ya consolidada presencia de telenovelas turcas y de otros orígenes incipientes y también la competencia de las reposiciones. La brecha en la calidad visual de las realizaciones de fines de los años 90 en adelante, respecto de las actuales, es baja. Telenovelas históricas como Terra Nostra, Betty la Fea o Pasión de Gavilanes se reprograman y son consumidas de un modo parecido a las actuales. Un elemento recurrente entre los capítulos nacionales de este informe es relevar la importancia de la reposición de materiales ya exhibidos. Los intercambios de contenidos audiovisuales entre países iberoamericanos han estado presentes por décadas, pero hay fuertes diferencias en las cantidades de producciones que cada país importa o exporta. Asimismo, también hay diferencias en la variedad de orígenes desde los que se importan contenidos. En los capítulos nacionales se muestra la cantidad de títulos y horas de ficción televisiva de estreno iberoamericana de exhibida en el país durante 2022. Vistas individualmente, muestran los consumos locales. Sin embargo, al combinarlas, revelan los flujos de intercambios de producciones entre países.Eso es lo que se muestra en la tabla 3, usando las horas como unidad de medida. La tabla 3 puede leerse vertical y horizontalmente. Leída verticalmente, muestra el origen de la ficción televisiva de estreno exhibida en cada país. Horizontalmente, muestra los distintos países en que se exhibió ficción televisiva originada en un país [...] La tabla 3 muestra que el principal país exportador de ficción televisiva en Iberoamérica es México, al igual que en los años anteriores. En 2022 vendió contenidos a todos los países, salvo Portugal, siendo además, con la excepción del cono sur, el principal exportador hacia cada uno de los países de la región. En segundo lugar, tanto en volumen como en cantidad de países a los que exportó, está Brasil. Un caso llamativo es Colombia: no sólo redujo sus exportaciones en casi un 60%, sino que su producción se redujo en un 53%, fundamentalmente por la reducción en la producción de telenovelas. Los casos de España y Portugal son interesantes en 2022 por la misma razón que lo fueron en 2021. Su volumen de producción los ubica sólo por debajo de Brasil o México y muy por encima de todos los demás países. La factura de sus realizaciones es de alto estándar. Sin embargo, sus niveles de exportaciones no alcanzan al 5% de lo producido." (Páginas 26-28) more

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Staatliche Cyberkonflikte: Proxy-Strategien von Autokratien und Demokratien im Vergleich

Kerstin Zettl-Schabath

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2023), 424 pp.

"Welche Rolle spielen nichtstaatliche Akteure, sogenannte "Proxys", in staatlichen Cyberkonflikten? Und wie unterscheidet sich regimetypenspezifisch das (De-)Eskalationsmanagement? Kerstin Zettl-Schabath vergleicht mithilfe eines umfassenden Datensatzes für die Jahre 2000-2019 die staatlichen Cyber ... more

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Media Reform Amid Political Upheaval: Lessons from Burma, Ethiopia, Sudan, Tunisia, and Ukraine
Deep Insights

Tarik Jusic, Heather Gilberds

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2022), 36 pp.

"This study points to several recommendations for how international donors can improve support for media sector reform in countries at critical political junctures, and how they can build upon and strengthen approaches that have been effective in the past. Donor support is more likely to be effectiv ... more

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The Global Expression Report 2022: The Intensifying Battle for Narrative Control
Deep Insights

London: Article 19 (2022), 75 pp.

"In 2021, the GxR metric registered two of the most dramatic declines ever seen: both Afghanistan and Myanmar dropped more than 30 points, plummeting two categories, as democratic governments were driven out and people were brutally attacked as they resisted the takeover of their governments. Countr ... more

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Digital Switchover in Sub-Saharan Africa: Bringing Low-Band Connectivity Within Reach

GSMA (2022), 42 pp.

"Digital switchover (DSO) allows countries to use less broadcast spectrum due to the greater efficiency of digital terrestrial television (DTT). By improving spectral efficiency in this way, countries can reallocate spectrum for mobile broadband. At the same time, consumers can enjoy a broader array ... more

Histories of Children's Television Around the World Deep Insights

Vibrant Information Barometer: Europe & Eurasia Deep Insights

Digital 2024: Global Overview Report Deep Insights

Medienpolitik: Grundlagen für Wissenschaft und Praxis Deep Insights

Media Reform Amid Political Upheaval: Lessons from Burma, Ethiopia, Sudan, Tunisia, and Ukraine Deep Insights

The Global Expression Report 2022: The Intensifying Battle for Narrative Control Deep Insights