"This publication considers the range of policy changes that have been tried or recommended by global regulators, assessing their impacts on press freedom and news media sustainability, with consideration for the risk of capture, and other potential tradeoffs of these interventions. It examines four ... categories of interventions: related to taxes and direct subsidies; copyright and licensing; competition and antitrust regulation; and transparency. Each piece discusses the driving concept behind each intervention, its advantages to publishers, how these benefits are distributed and how decisions are made regarding them, potential government involvement in each one, and their ability to address key underlying challenges related to news media sustainability. Our research also emphasizes the interrelationships between these policies and their broader effect on the platformatization of journalism. However, given that these interventions are in their early stages, or in some cases are still theoretical, a dearth of data makes it difficult to conclusively assess their impacts on media sustainability, media freedom and access to news. Where data asymmetries exist related to these questions, they are noted as areas for further research and potential regulatory attention." (Introduction, page 2-3) more

"In light of the role played by state-aligned actors, the private sector and lawmakers in countries with strong democratic institutions should adopt policies that mitigate the ability of state actors to manipulate AI and weaponize communication platforms. Efforts to combat disinformation must recogn ... ize that a range of private companies beyond just tech firms are implicated in information manipulation and must put safeguards in place. For example, registration and financing limits on paid PR firms, domestic and foreign, and better oversight by tech platforms on how their platforms are used by state actors is essential. Furthermore, greater transparency about all types of advertising and paid content promotion is needed, not just about political advertising in a handful of Western countries. This could be implemented through existing election laws and paid advertising regulations [...] Any meaningful efforts to combat disinformation will need to address the politicization of social media manipulation and influence operations, and their integration into electoral politics. Lawmakers should implement restrictions on the use of moderation mercenaries, black PR firms, and social media manipulation by those entrusted with public office. Countries should not only require great transparency for the platforms themselves, but should also practice what they preach by adopting transparency requirements for state and government entities related to advertising and outreach on social media and messaging platforms. Tech platforms must reduce the profitability of intentional and opportunistic disinformation efforts, including by reducing the prevalence and ease of plagiarism or the “recycling” of news content for clickbait. Reducing the economic incentives for click-bait, "churnalism", and regurgitated journalistic content would help deter the profit-driven non-ideological actors in these disinformation networks." (Conclsuions and recommendations, page 24-25) more