"Th e present Handbook should be seen as a working document—rather than an academic study—that moves the field of ICT4E ahead in demonstrable ways. While it is more comprehensive than a manual, in that it provides conceptual and empirical approaches that are derived from the research and evidenc ... e gathered to date, it is meant primarily to be of practical value. Our collective concern is the same as that of many donor organizations as well as NGOs: Development programs that have utilized ICTs are often left in very vulnerable political and fiscal conditions due to a lack of evidence about ‘what works’ in their programs—both specifically and generally. By helping to create a stronger knowledge base through improved M&E, it is hoped that the tangible support for ICT4E innovations and investments will be at least as great as the hopes that many have for its potential in promoting both equity and development around the world." (Executive summary, page 3) more