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Types of Evaluation
INTRAC (2017), 4 pp.
"There are many different types of evaluation. Each type has its own set of processes and/or principles. Many factors influence decisions over what type of evaluation to use. Evaluations can be categorised according to their purpose, who conducts them, when they are carried out, the broad approach u
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Tracer Studies
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"In a tracer study, data is collected and analysed repeatedly over time. For monitoring and evaluation purposes, tracer studies are often designed to track changes at individual level, following a development intervention. However, they might also focus on other units of analysis such as communities
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Gender-Responsive Evaluation
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"A gender-responsive evaluation includes two main components. It assesses the degree to which gender and power relationships change as a result of an intervention. And it ensures that women’s voices are prominent throughout the evaluation. Gender-responsive evaluations can be used to evaluate any
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Most Significant Change
INTRAC (2017), 4 pp.
"The Most Significant Change (MSC) technique is a form of participatory monitoring and evaluation. It involves the collection and selection of stories of change, produced by programme or project stakeholders. MSC can be used in projects and programmes where it is not possible to precisely predict de
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Interviews
INTRAC (2017), 4 pp.
"Interviews are routinely carried out when projects and programmes are planned, monitored or evaluated. Interviews may be carried out face-to-face or through remote media. They may be carried out with individuals or groups. They may be unstructured, semi-structured or structured. And they may be inf
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Participatory Evaluation
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"A participatory evaluation actively involves key stakeholders, especially the intended beneficiaries of a project or programme, in the design and implementation of the evaluation. Participatory evaluations can be carried out for many reasons. The two most common are to empower beneficiaries to bett
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Impact Grids
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"An impact grid is a tool that helps stakeholders involved in a development intervention to analyse multiple changes by mapping those changes onto a grid. A typical grid charts the extent of change alongside the degree of contribution of the intervention. Impact grids can be used for many different
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Utilisation-Focused Evaluation
INTRAC (2017), 2 pp.
"Utilisation-focused evaluations (UFEs) are based on the principle that an evaluation should be judged according to how useful it is. UFEs should be planned and implemented in a way that increases the likelihood of the findings being used. This normally means identifying the primary users of an eval
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Real-Time Evaluation
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"A real-time evaluation (RTE) is designed to provide immediate (real time) feedback to those planning or implementing a project or programme, so that they can make improvements. This feedback is usually provided during the evaluation field work, rather than afterwards. RTEs are normally associated w
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Click! Using YouTube as a Training Tool
INTRAC (2015), 15 pp.
"This praxis note suggests some possible ways to harness YouTube in support of civil society development. Firstly, it examines the ways in which YouTube might be used. Secondly, there are suggestions of particular clips that INTRAC staff and others have found useful." (Page 2)
Tracking Progress in Advocacy: Why and How to Monitor and Evaluate Advocacy Projects and Programmes
Oxford: INTRAC (2009), 11 pp.
"This paper introduces the scope of, and rational for, engaging in advocacy work as part of development interventions. It then focuses on the issue of monitoring and evaluating these efforts – offering reasons why and when these processes should be planned and implemented, what’s involved, and w
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Developing M&E Systems for Complex Organisations: A Methodology
Oxford: INTRAC (2009), 36 pp.
"The paper is divided into two parts: Part One describes a methodology for designing an M&E system. This covers a number of stages from defining the scope and purpose of the system to its eventual roll out. However, it does not cover the implementation of the M&E system. Part Two addresses many of t
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Rising to the Challenges: Assessing the Impacts of Organisational Capacity Building
Oxford: INTRAC (2005), 29 pp.
"This Praxis Paper offers a brief overview of current thinking and practice in relation to the impact assessment of organisational capacity building interventions. The paper highlights some of the conceptual, methodological and practical challenges (issues of clarity, power and culture, among others
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Sharpening the Development Process: A Practical Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation
Oxford: INTRAC (2003), xi, 139 pp.
"This book provides a detailed introduction to the process of developing monitoring and evaluation systems which will provide a foundation on which to develop personal and organisational learning. It is based on INTRAC’s research, consultancy and training work and is rooted in real experiences. Th
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People and Change: Exploring Capacity Building in NGOs
Oxford: INTRAC (2002), 161 pp.
"People and Change is about improving the impact of capacity building. Based on many years of practical experiences with NGOs, largely in Africa, this book argues that for capacity building programmes to be more effective we must: better appreciate the complex and highly personal dimensions to organ
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The Role of the Church in Advocacy: Case Studies from Southern and Eastern Africa
INTRAC (1999), 101 pp.
"The primary objective of this research has been to review the experiences and analyse the role of the mainline churches in advocacy in support of human rights, democracy and poverty alleviation in Africa. It has set out to identify what is the particular contribution that churches can bring to such
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"This book is an attempt to set out guidelines for evaluating social development processes. Intendend as a practical guide for undertaking the evaluation of social development projects this book combines a theoretical overview of the concepts involved, and insights into evaluation planning and imple
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