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Women and the media in Afghanistan: How to support female media workers in a challenging landscape

Catharine Buckell, Mahdi Zaki, Shukrana Azizi Suzanne Devai

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 50 pp.

"Women in Afghanistan continue to have less access to information than men, particularly through TV and the internet. At least 33% of women (more in rural areas) rely on family as a key source of information, while men prioritise other information sources. Yet Afghan women’s information needs have ... never been more pronounced – due to restrictions on their activities, many are confined to their homes. Women in Afghanistan with media access rely on this more than ever to keep updated on issues that concern them, and spend more time accessing and using media: "Now women are in the confines of their homes… The virtual space is the only window for us to learn about what is happening." (Female FGD participant, Herat). Two-thirds (65%) of female survey respondents say that the media is “very important” in their daily lives, compared with half (51%) of male respondents. Despite various efforts to cater to female audiences, 67% of female and male respondents feel that Afghan media only “somewhat” or “rarely” meets women’s needs. Reflecting restrictions on media content, respondents complain that domestic media contains too much religious content and not enough entertainment. However, educational content is still allowed, providing women and girls who are denied access to schooling with a vital source of education. Respondents are more satisfied with the balance of content in international media and media run by Afghans in exile, and they are more likely to watch some types of entertainment, such as movies, on international than domestic TV. However, a number of international media outlets are inaccessible from Afghanistan. Journalists inside Afghanistan are banned from working with international TV/radio channels or news sites, and some have been arrested for doing so. 87% of respondents say the presence of women in the media in Afghanistan has decreased since August 2021. Only 41% could name a female presenter or journalist. Almost all of those named by respondents worked in the media before 2021, or currently work from outside Afghanistan. Audience members support women featuring in news and educational programmes but are less supportive of them featuring in comedy and sports content. Over half (54%) of the general survey respondents say they would support a female relative to work as a journalist. A further 12% would support a female relative under certain conditions, including wearing the hijab and travelling with a mahram (women cannot leave their home without a male chaperone)." (Executive summary, page 6) more

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Challenges and choices: Afghan women's media use and preferences amidst restrictions

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 2 pp.

"While most adult Afghans have access to some form of media platform, only around one in three have access to internet, with less than half of mobile users owning a smartphone. Men exhibit higher usage of radio and internet compared to women (52% male vs 43% female for radio and 36% vs 29% for inter ... more

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A survey of media consumption in Afghanistan

Mahdi Zaki, Zaher Modaqeq, Shahira Torab, Fiona Howie, Manju Gautham, Ibrahim Jabarkhail

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 34 pp.

"This report summarizes research that aimed to better understand Afghans' access to and preference for different media content and platforms, their trust in media, how people use and share mis- and disinformation and ways to counter these." (Publisher description)

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Women in Ukraine: What Key Issues Are They Facing?

Sally Gowland, Katherine Michie

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 10 pp.

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Solomon Islands: Understanding Audience Needs, Values, and the Role of Media and Communication

Sao Vichheka, Keo Rancha, Sally Gowland et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

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How Radio Can Build a More Supportive Environment for Girls’ Education, Learning, and Empowerment

Karen O´Connor, Sophie Stelle, Mohamed Kpaka et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 15 pp.

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Disaster Risk Communication: What Do People in Nepal Need to Prepare Better for Disasters?

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 6 pp.

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What Limits Tanzanian Women’s Participation in Political Leadership? An Investigation of Discriminatory Social Norms

Jasmine Shio, Kaushiki Ghose

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 9 pp.

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Women in Ukraine: How Are They Using Media Since the Full Scale Invasion?

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

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How Audience Research Informed the Development of Niambie Project in Tanzania: A Look at Gender Dynamics and its Decision Making

Jasmine Shio, Catherine Buckell, Kaushiki Ghose

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 7 pp.

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Media Usage in Nepal 2022

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 4 pp.

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Using mass media to increase audiences’ ability to keep safe from explosive ordnance in Afghanistan

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 2 pp.

"BBC Media Action has been using mass media to help audiences recognise risks and keep safe from explosive ordnance (EO), which is widespread across Afghanistan following years of conflict. We conducted a panel study in 10 most affected provinces to evaluate the impact of our programme. We found tha ... more

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Women in Ukraine: How Have Gender Roles and Attitudes Changed?

Sally Gowland

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 11 pp.

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How Do Young Indonesians Engage with Environmental Issues?

London: BBC Media Action (2022), 7 pp.

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Public Funding for Private Media in the MENA Region

Sarah Zaarour

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 16 pp.

"This research paper was commissioned by BBC Media Action to support discussions in a national conference in Sierra Leone in April 2022 aimed at fostering an enabling environment for media investment and at exploring new ways of supporting independent media. Combining desk research and interviews, i ... more

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The Search for Sustainable Local Media: Tools and Models

Franz Krüger

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 3 pp.

"A summary of the forthcoming policy paper Greening Africa's news deserts: The search for sustainable local media in sub-Saharan Africa, soon to be published. The policy paper has been written with support from the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and Fojo Media Institute. It focuses on local and communit ... more

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The Advertising Industry in Sierra Leone: A Critical and Comprehensive Analysis

Emmanuel Saffa Abdulai

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 8 pp.

"The commercial advertising industry in Sierra Leone is in a parlous state – unstructured, uncoordinated and unregulated. The shambolic nature of the industry stems from three major shortcomings – a lack of policy regulation, a limited market, and poor professional practices. Existing policy whi ... more

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How Can Media and Communication Support Somalis Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Hoden Ahmed, Hodan Ibrahim, Kaushiki Ghose

London: BBC Media Action (2022), 15 pp.

"Our work in 2020 and 2021 focused on different aspects of COVID-19 to provide audiences with accurate information and appropriate strategies to deal with the pandemic. This media content contributed to increased knowledge, changed attitudes and positive behaviour change to counter the damaging effe ... more

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Why Aren’t Women Part of the Conversation? A Study of the Gender Gap in Social Media Use in India, its Causes and the Implications for Women’s Empowerment
Deep Insights

Aayush Rathi, Ambika Tandon, Arjun Khanna, Sara Chamberlain

BBC Media Action (2022), 12 pp.

"This report summarises learnings from BBC Media Action’s landscaping study of the gendered dimensions of social media access and use in India. It addresses 10 questions that have implications for designing digital solutions for women’s empowerment in India." (Page 2)

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Climate Change: New Evidence on How Media Can Engage Youth to Take Action

BBC Media Action (2022), 12 pp.

"In sum, this evaluation provides evidence that the Kembali ke Hutan (Return to the forest) project through drama, discussion show, and social media output can engage young Indonesians in topics that they previously were not interested in by breaking down the issues of deforestation in climate chang ... more

Why Aren’t Women Part of the Conversation? A Study of the Gender Gap in Social Media Use in India, its Causes and the Implications for Women’s Empowerment Deep Insights

Why Aren’t Women Part of the Conversation? A Study of the Gender Gap in Social Media Use in India, its Causes and the Implications for Women’s Empowerment
Deep Insights