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"The OPTIMA workflow is a compilation of new and existing resources, guides, methodologies, and more to assist individuals and activists before, during and after an Internet shutdown. The following repository is organized into four categories:
ADVOCACY RESOURCES. Designing effective advocacy campai
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"Infodemic" and SDGs: Internet Freedoms in Southeast Asia
Bangkog: Asia Centre (2021), 46 pp.
Public Participation: An Assessment of Recent ICT Policy Making Processes in Kenya
KICTANet (2021), 29 pp.
"This report assesses the extent to which the public participated in three recent ICT policy and law-making processes. These include the National Information Communications and Technology (ICT) Policy, 2019, the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act, 2018, and the Data Protection Act, 2019 [...] Gener
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10 Facts to Counter Encryption Myths
Access Now (2021), 23 pp.
"There is no question that we must address the issues of child safety, disinformation, national security, and criminal activity in the digital age. However, even if the stated end goal for mandating encryption backdoors is legitimate, the means must be necessary and proportionate. Deliberately intro
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"Between 2016 and 2021, 68 shutdowns have been documented in 29 African countries. This demonstrates that government-mandated internet disruptions are an established norm in the region, despite very little scientific or social evidence demonstrating their effectiveness. A number of pointers and fact
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Internet Freedoms in Cambodia: A Gateway to Control
Bangkog: Asia Centre (2021), 32 pp.
Indigenous Data Sovereignty and Policy
London; New York: Routledge (2021), xi, 244 pp.
"This book examines how Indigenous Peoples around the world are demanding greater data sovereignty, and challenging the ways in which governments have historically used Indigenous data to develop policies and programs. In the digital age, governments are increasingly dependent on data and data analy
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Internet Shutdowns and Elections Handbook: A Guide for Election Observers, Embassies, Activists, and Journalists
Access Now; KeepItOn (2021), 10 pp.
"This handbook explains how internet shutdowns undermine democractic elections and provides tips and recommendations for key actors to navigate shutdowns and understand and assess the extent to which an election taking place under a shutdown is free and fair. It is aimed at election observers, peopl
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Jurisprudence Shaping Digital Rights in South Asia
Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Cyrilla Project (2020), 54 pp.
"The objective of this report is to make available a resource that can be used by lawyers, policy experts and civil society to gauge the trajectory of judicial discourse on digital rights and use this as a tool to advocate for greater protections. This is not a compendium of all cases relating to th
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"Divisive Internet regulation is fragmenting the formerly worldwide web into numerous shards that follow their own rules. The US, the EU and China are influential in shaping regulation even beyond their own jurisdictions, with consequences for human rights, particularly in Africa. This paper argues
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The Rise of Internet Throttling: A Hidden Threat to Media Development
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2020)
"An increasing number of governments around the world are forcing internet service providers to slow their services during critical sociopolitical junctures—a practice known as throttling—infringing on citizens’ right to information and freedom of expression. Despite its deleterious impact on
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Dialling in the Law: A Comparative Assessment of Jurisprudence on Internet Shutdowns
Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Cyrilla (2020), 23 pp.
"This report and the associated workbook seeks to contribute to the discourse in three ways. First, we hope to open an extensible documentation and overview of practices, experiences, and resources on the legitimisation of, and resistance to, state-backed internet shutdowns across the world. Second,
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Data Imperialism: The GDPR's Disastrous Impact on Africa's E-Commerce Markets
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, volume 53, issue 2 (2020), pp. 684-711
"The European Union (EU) recently passed the General Data Protection Regulation-a sweeping regulatory framework that sets a new global standard for the collection, storage, and use of personal data. To ensure far-reaching compliance with the GDPR, the EU has adopted a strict take-it-or-leave-it appr
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Venezuela’s 21st Century Authoritarianism in the Digital Sphere
Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2019), 14 pp.
"This policy brief summarises extensive information on digital rights violations and politically motivated information disorders affecting Venezuelans, principally social media users. The brief focuses on the conflict dynamic between an authoritarian government and those fighting for re-democratisat
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Disconnected: A Human Rights-Based Approach to Network Disruptions
Global Network Initiative (2019), 33 pp.
"The statistical study determines that network interferences are more likely to happen at higher rates of expansion of Internet connectivity until a tipping point, suggesting that efforts to extend Internet access in low- and middle-income countries may lead to less overt restrictions. This threshol
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