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Media Guidelines on Violence Against Women

Zero Tolerance (2019), 31 pp.

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Online Violence Against Women in Politics in Ukraine: An IFES Assessment

Otito Greg-Obi, Iryna Lylyk, Gennadiy Korzhov, Olena Buchunska

International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) (2019), 31 pp.

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Tackling Gender Inequality Through Access to Information

London: Article 19 (2019), 17 pp.

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Violence Against Women in Elections Online: A Social Media Analysis Tool

Washington, DC: International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES); USAID (2019), 72 pp.

"Around the world, women frequently experience harassment and violence when they decide to exercise their civil and political rights. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have created new vehicles for violence against women in elections (VAWIE), including violence that takes place on so ... cial media and in private messaging. These forms of violence are compounded by the anonymity and scale that online media platforms provide. VAWIE-Online is a means to silence women who publicly engage in political life through fear, shame and intimidation. This violence is different from the online violence and harassment experienced by politically active men in its underlying intent, its multiplied impact, as well as its frequency, form, and content. The VAWIE-Online Social Media Analysis Tool (VAWIE-Online Tool) offers an adaptable method to measure the gendered aspects and understand the drivers of online election violence against women. The primary purpose of this tool is to identify trends and patterns of online violence around electoral periods. More specifically, the tool will allow users to identify the scope, breadth, and intensity of VAWIE-Online. Using artificial intelligence-based data analysis tools, the VAWIE-Online Tool quantifies and categorizes social media data to identify and distinguish forms of online violence. By incorporating this analysis of online violence into broader analysis of gender in elections, electoral stakeholders can better understand this issue in their respective countries and can begin to address it through their work. This guide is intended for use by civil society organizations (CSOs), election and human rights monitors and observers, and other activist and research groups seeking to analyze online violence against women in elections. It is constructed as a step-by-step tool to introduce users to social media analysis, specifically data mining and sentiment analysis. Although this tool is written to provide an introduction and overview for general users, data mining and sentiment analysis are sophisticated research approaches and users of this guide will find it helpful to work with a team that has experience in data analytics and a background in working on gender-based violence (GBV) and electoral politics." (Page 2) more

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Google Scholar (156)

WorldCat (143)

Female journalists under attack? Explaining gender differences in reactions to audiences' attacks

Lea Stahel, Constantin Schoen

New Media & Society, volume 22, issue 10 (2019), pp. 1849-1867

"The literature on public figures attacked by their audiences is unclear why female and male figures react differently to attacks. This study examines why female journalists are more likely than male journalists to use avoidance strategies as a reaction to online attacks. Avoidance includes limiting ... more

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Money - Power - Stereotypes: Does Gender Equality in the Media Really Matter? International Comparative Gender Study in Georgia, Moldova and Russia

Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute; Russian Academy of Sciences (ISESP RAS) (2019), 19 pp.

"One interesting trend to follow is the feminisation of the journalism profession. The trend is global but especially prominent in the countries covered by this study: the findings indicate that the gender balance is shifting in Moldova and Georgia, whereas women are now dominating among media profe ... ssionals in general in Russia and Belarus. According to the experts interviewed this is not a result of a growing sector with more women coming in but rather about an outflow of men. It seems like the journalistic profession has become less attractive (to men) due to economic restraints (lower wages) and political pressure that makes it harder to exercise independent journalism. Judging from the gender ratio in enrollment for higher education in journalism and communication (over 70 per cent women in some European countries), this trend is likely to carry on. If the curve of this graph will not change we will (again) end up with a skewed gender balance and need to consider possible implications for diversity of voices and what stories are told. The study also confirms that women are taking on more of decision-making roles, especially in regional and in independent media (in Georgia and Moldova there is no gender asymmetry according to the study). However, there is still a gender gap when it comes to distribution of power in national media with high circulation/audience, likely related to the fact that the most influential media are still most often managed by men. Interestingly enough, female respondents in Moldova had low career expectations, although in practice the study indicates that women have better chances of building a career in the media than men. In Georgia, on the other hand, female media professionals are often overqualified, and show the most dissatisfaction with their jobs. The much-debated issue of sexual harassment at work is also covered by the study. In Russia on average three out of ten of the respondents claimed to have experienced sexual harassment in job related environments. Overall, the results of the survey indicate that the journalistic profession is quite dangerous for women, because they risk being subjected to sexual harassment literally everywhere, by colleagues or superiors at the office, as well as while reporting on the ground." (Preface) more

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Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership
Deep Insights

Araba Sey, Nancy Hafkin (eds.)

United Nations University (UNU); Equals Global Partnership (2019), 338 pp.

"1. While gender gaps are observable in most aspects of ICT access, skills and leadership, the picture is complex. There are large regional variations: some countries are close to parity or have even reversed the gender gap on some indicators, while others still have persistent gaps. Individual coun ... tries can have both large and small gaps, depending on the indicator being measured. Interpreting the gaps requires careful and contextualised analysis. 2. Barriers to gender digital equality are generally related to one or more of the following: 1) availability of infrastructure; 2) financial constraints; 3) ICT ability and aptitude; 4) interest and perceived relevance of ICTs; 5) safety and security; and 6) socio-cultural and institutional contexts. Most of these barriers cut across issues of access, skills, and leadership, although they may manifest in slightly different ways. While research has documented these barriers, the evidence from different sources is sometimes contradictory, even within the same country contexts. 3. There is no one conclusive strategy for eliminating gender digital inequalities. Recommendations generally call either for targeting specific contributing factors of gender digital inequality (such as affordability or recruiting practices), or for reshaping deeply ingrained social norms and practices (such as gender stereotypes) that are at the root of gender inequalities. As with the evidence on barriers, research results are sometimes contradictory or nuanced. 4. The dominant approaches to gender equality in ICT access, skills, and leadership mostly frame issues in binary (male/female) terms, thereby masking the relevance of other pertinent identities. Insufficient research has been done on the implications of ICTs for intersectional identities. Data collection should move from binary sexdisaggregation towards finer degrees of status disaggregation in order to recognise multiple and interacting identities (such as sexuality, poverty, class, education, age, disability, and occupation). 5. To ensure privacy and safety as well as full participation in the digital economy, women should have equal opportunities to develop adequate basic and advanced digital skills. Cyberstalking, online harassment, image manipulation, privacy violations, geotracking, and surveillance can compromise women’s and girls’ safety both online and offline. In addition, some evidence suggests the digital transformation of labour may be widening gender wage gaps. These outcomes can be averted with the right types of training combined with social and institutional change. 6. Developments in digital technologies open new pathways to gender diversity and inclusion; however, lack of attention to gender dynamics and differences hampers the potential for true progress. For example, evidence suggests that most women’s work in the digital economy, particularly in the Global South, reinforces existing social divisions. Moreover, artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, designed largely by men, tend to ignore the negative gender implications of their designs. Research, government policy and design principles should include gender awareness and analysis, for example by building in data and privacy protections and avoiding gender stereotypes." (Key findings, page 19-20) more

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Walking on Eggshells: A Study on Gender Justice and Women's Struggles in Malayali Cyberspace

J. Devika, Chithira Vijayakumar et al.

IT for Change (2019), 39 pp.

Google Scholar (166)

WorldCat (159)

Genre et migrations féminines à l'ère du numérique

Brice Arsène Mankou (ed.)

Paris: L'Harmattan (2019), 154 pp.

"Cette étude porte, à partir du cas camerounais, sur un nouveau phénomène social de migration statutaire, apparu en Afrique, dans le cadre de la mondialisation que nous appelons la cybermigration maritale. Cette modalité contemporaine de mobilité met en relation des personnes exclues ou auto e ... more

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Women in Tech: Inspiration, no Fairy Tales

Bonn: Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) (2019), 72 pp.

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The Role of Community Radios in Information Dissemination to Rural Women in South Africa

Madeleine C. Fombad, Glenrose Veli Jiyane

Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, volume 51, issue 1 (2019), pp. 47-58

"This article adopts the case study research approach through the use of document analysis and interviews to investigate the role of two community radio stations in selected areas of the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa with regard to rural development and the dissemination of information to w ... more

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Guía para una comunicación igualitaria

María Silvia Corbalán, Alejandra Pérez Scalzi

ALTEC (2019), 21 pp.

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Legal Responses to Online Harassment and Abuse of Journalists: Perspectives from Finland, France and Ireland

Jonathan McCully et al.

OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media; International Press Institute (IPI) (2019), 39 pp.

"This report specifically examines legal remedies for online attacks against journalists. It looks at three case studies, in Finland, France and Ireland, of female journalists who were viciously attacked online for their work and the ensuing attempts to hold the perpetrators accountable. From an ana ... more

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Toolkit on Gender-Sensitive Communication: A Resource for Policymakers, Legislators, Media and Anyone Else with an Interest in Making their Communication More Inclusive

Vilnius: European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) (2019), 61 pp.

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The Big Conversation: Handbook to Address Violence Against Women in and Through the Media

Dina Deligiorgis, Manal Benkirane et al.

Paris: UNESCO; United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (2019), 90 pp.

"This handbook provides guidance, tools and promising practices from countries across the globe for those working with and within media. It is our intention that this handbook provides entry points for accelerating progress towards gender equality in the systems and structures of organizations. We h ... more

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50:50 Project

BBC (2019), 37 pp.

"A year ago, I set our teams a challenge: to aim for at least 50% women contributing to BBC programmes and content by April 2019. In this report, you’ll see how they’ve turned that challenge into a creative opportunity which has fundamentally transformed our approach to representation. This repo ... more

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‘I didn’t read many books’: Chinese rural women’s reception of ‘born-digital’ social media and community engagement

Yini Wang, Judith Sandner

Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies, volume 16, issue 1 (2019), pp. 343-365

"Currently, research on older Chinese rural women’s reading activities through social media is scarce. This paper, based on a 2015 ethnographic study in the south-central Chinese city of Changsha, responds to this disparity. It highlights some of the reading choices and sources shared by a group o ... more

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Born Digital, Born Free? A Socio-Legal Study on Young Women’s Experiences of Online Violence in South India

Anita Gurumurthy, Amrita Vasudevan, Nandini Chami

IT for Change (2019), 49 pp.

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Mapeo y análisis de apps de monitoreo y seguridad para mujeres

Carla Bustos, Haydeé Quijano, Paul Aguilar

SOCIALTIC (2019), 34 pp.

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FemmePowermentAfrique: Introducing the Scope and Design of the Project

Emma Heywood

Sheffield, UK: University of Sheffield (2019), 16 pp.

"This working paper defines the scope of the FemmePowermentAfrique project, its significance, its research approach and its intended beneficiaries. This project originated in an impact assessment of radio on women’s rights and empowerment in Niger, yet has broadened to incorporate a series of rela ... more

Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership Deep Insights

Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership
Deep Insights