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Output Type
Populism Fuels Hate Speech and Disinformation: Evidence From Political Discourse on X (Formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan
International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 5694-5713
"This study discusses the relationship among the various dimensions of populism, hate speech, and disinformation within the political discourse on X (formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan. Employing manual content analysis, we examined 7,141 posts from both populist and non-populist political lead
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Ain't no Game: Antisemitism in Gaming and on Social Media
ELNET Deutschland; Combat Antisemitism Movement (2024), 5 pp.
"Antisemitism Surges Online: Antisemitic content on platforms like X spiked by 919 percent following the October 7 Hamas attacks, spreading hate that deeply affects Jewish users, especially the young. Enhanced moderation systems combining AI and human oversight, along with stricter regulations, are
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Repairing the harm: Toward an algorithmic reparations approach to hate speech content moderation
Big Data & Society, issue April-June (2024), 13 pp.
"Content moderation algorithms influence how users understand and engage with social media platforms. However, when identifying hate speech, these automated systems often contain biases that can silence or further harm marginalized users. Recently, scholars have offered both restorative and transfor
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Living hated: Everyday experiences of hate speech across online and offline contexts
Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, volume 49, issue 2 (2024), pp. 243-262
"The article builds on current research into the effects and harms of hate speech in the lives of its victims. It introduces the anthropological concept of everyday violence to focus on hate speech as an everyday experience as opposed to a sequence of separate hate speech acts. Methodologically, the
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Combatting online hate: Crowd moderation and the public goods problem
Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, volume 49, issue 3 (2024), pp. 444-467
"Hate is widespread online, hits everyone, and carries negative consequences. Crowd moderation—user-assisted moderation through, e. g., reporting or counter-speech—is heralded as a potential remedy. We explore this potential by linking insights on online bystander interventions to the analogy of
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Methods, Techniques and AI Solutions in the Age of Hostilities. Online Hate Speech Trilogy, vol. III
Covilhã; Cali: LABCOM; Editorial Universidad Icesi (2024), 222 pp.
Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 1: Why Lies and Hatred Proliferate on Digital Platforms
Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 21 pp.
"Online and platform content that may cause harm through the breach of human rights is sufficiently widespread to have raised concerns about the potentially severe implications for the future of trust, safety, democracy and sustainable development. A certain amount of this content is curbed by the d
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Disentangling Jihad, Political Violence and Media
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2023), xxvi, 420 pp.
"The entanglement of Jihad, Political Violence, and Media has determined the lives of Muslims in Europe and the US over the past 20 years. This book unravels the nexus of these elements, to critically examine how their conjunction is perpetuated, reproduced, or disputed. In 16 case studies, the cont
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Platform Problems and Regulatory Solutions: Findings from a Comprehensive Review of Existing Studies and Investigations
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO; Research ICT Africa (2023), 17 pp.
"The proliferation of hate speech and disinformation on online platforms has serious implications for human rights, trust and safety as per international human rights law and standards. The mutually-reinforcing determinants of the problems are: ‘attention economics’; automated advertising system
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"Whether you’re experiencing or witnessing online abuse, this Field Manual offers concrete strategies for how to defend yourself and others. We wrote this guidance with and for those disproportionately impacted by online abuse: writers, journalists, artists, and activists who identify as women, BI
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Social Media 4 Peace: Local Lessons for Global Practices
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 69 pp.
"The three countries [Bosnia and Herzegovina, Indonesia, and Kenya] provide evidence of online hate speech and disinformation affecting human rights offline. The evidence is not comprehensive yet clear enough to raise serious concerns. Online gender-based violence is also reported as critical in the
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Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 2: Platform's Own Policies and Practices: What Problems Need Changing?
Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 7 pp.
"Platform policies lack clarity about the relationship between them, and also about how policies should be applied at global and local levels. How platforms understand and identify harms is insufficiently mapped to human rights standards, and there is a gap in how policy elements should deal with di
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State of Play: Trends in Terrorist and Violent Extremist Use of the Internet 2022
Tech Against Terrorism (2023), 32 pp.
"This report covers key trends and developments in terrorist and violent extremist (TVE) use of the internet over 2022. It aims to highlight the principal shifts in TVE behaviour and tactics online, and to inform more comprehensive, cross-industry responses to countering TVE exploitation of the inte
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