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President Sisi's puppets: TV presenters used to wage war on journalism

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2022), 26 pp.

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Lights Out: Is This the End for Hong Kong's Media?

Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2022), 11 pp.

"The transformation of Hong Kong is “unstoppable,” as one official has said. And journalists should not expect any special privileges. Journalists, including foreign journalists, are welcome. But they must stick to reporting basic facts, not align with what Beijing called the “anti-China force ... more

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UNESCO Prizes: Reviews and Renewals. UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize

UNESCO (2022), 10 pp.

"In conformity with Article 8.1 of the Statutes for the UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize and the Revised Overall Strategy for UNESCO Prizes and its Constituent Criteria, an external evaluation of the Prize was carried out from June to July 2022 for the past six years of the Prize (201 ... more

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An Uphill Battle: From Impunity to Justice for Journalist Murders
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Evelien Wijkstra, Jos Midas Bartman

Free Press Unlimited (2022), 31 pp.

"For this report we analyzed hundreds of cases of journalists who were murdered in reprisal for their work. What stands out is their courage to report misdemeanor by those in power despite the clear and often well-known risks this entails for them. What stands out as well is the lack of capacity in ... more

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Let Free Media Thrive: Selected Stories of 4 Years of Impact of the Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (2018-2021)

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 18 pp.

"The stories presented here are some examples of how the Multi-Donor Programme for Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) works to provide countries and their populations with the necessary tools to nurture a free and independent media. This includes promoting the adoption of policies ... more

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Fair Game: The Endangered Media Space for Foreign Correspondents Inside China 2022

Mary Kay Magistad

Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2022), 10 pp.

"This report focuses on Beijing's efforts to control domestic reporting by resident foreign journalists. It is based on interviews conducted by the IFJ in December 2021 with 19 current or recent correspondents from nine countries, who work across print and broadcast and whose experience in China ran ... more

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Iranians on #SocialMedia

Holly Dagres

Washington, DC: Atlantic Council (2022), 40 pp.

"This report explores the social media habits of Iranian netizens and how the Islamic Republic is repressing the online space." (Publisher description)

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Venezuela: Calculated Repression. Correlation Between Stigmatization and Politically Motivated Arbitrary Detentions

Amnesty International; Foro Penal; Centro para los Defensores y la Justicia (CDJ) (2022), 54 pp.

"In 2011, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders defined stigmatization as the characterization of human rights defenders as “terrorists”, “enemies of the State” or “political opponents” by state authorities and state media and its use to delegitimize their work, ... more

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Russia – YouTube and Global Platforms: A New Battleground for Russian Journalists and Bloggers

Andrei Soldatov, Irina Borogan

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2022), 13 pp.

"In the late 2010s, the Internet overtook television as the most popular media format in Russia. It was also the time when Russian-speaking YouTube went political: well-known bloggers started producing political content, opposition politicians became the most popular YouTubers, and finally mainstrea ... more

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Freedom of Expression

D+C: Development and Cooperation, issue 3 (2022), pp. 19-33

"Quality media are indispensable. People must be able to form opinions competently. They must also be free to express their views. At the same time, there must be limits to slander, fake-news propaganda and the spreading of conspiracy theories. The internet is proving to be ambivalent. On the one ha ... more

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The Unfreedom Monitor: A Methodology for Tracking Digital Authoritarianism Around the World

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 71 pp.

"This briefing document provides an overview of key developments in digital authoritarianism in 11 countries and explains the theoretical framework and methodology behind The Unfreedom Monitor project. The document also provides a basis for expanding this research to other countries to deepen our un ... more

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A battle of two pandemics: Coronavirus and digital authoritarianism in the Arab World

Sahar Khamis

In: Cyber War & Cyber Peace: Digital Conflict in the Middle East

Eliza Campbell, Michael Sexton (eds.)

London; New York: Tauris (2022), pp. 161-178

"This chapter explores the current wave of coronavirus-related digital crackdowns in the Arab region, which are unfolding in multiple forms, and analyzes its causes, contexts, and consequences. It explores why and how the stifling of media freedom and freedom of speech online in the Arab region has ... more

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Aggravating circumstances? The COVID-19-related situational threats against the press in Portugal

Rui Alexandre Novais

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, volume 13, issue 3 (2022), pp. 337-357

"This study aims to fill the gap of the practical impediments for journalists properly doing their work during the COVID-19 pandemic over a single country. It is achieved by mapping the situational threats faced by the press in Portugal, as one of the best countries that grant media a free environme ... more

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Content Moderation in autoritären Staaten: Wie soziale Medien zu Komplizen autoritärer Herrscher zu werden drohen

Paula Köhler, Daniel Voelsen

Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) (2022), 8 pp.

"Täglich gibt es Berichte darüber, wie private Betreiber sozialer Medien sich problematischen Vorgaben autoritärer Herrscher beugen. Ob in Thailand, Kasachstan oder Russland, immer wieder werden als Teil von Content Moderation (CM) gezielt Inhalte entfernt oder Konten gelöscht, weil Regierungen ... more

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Defending Democracy in Exile: Policy Responses to Transnational Repression

Yana Gorokhovskaia, Linzer. Isabel

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2022), 42 pp.

"Transnational repression is strategically employed by autocrats, enabled by underprepared host governments, and spreading rapidly around the world. This report aims to assess the strengths and weaknesses in the global understanding of and responses to transnational repression, so that governments, ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2022: Countering an Authoritarian Overhaul of the Internet

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2022), 46 pp.

"1. Global internet freedom declined for the 12th consecutive year. The sharpest downgrades were documented in Russia, Myanmar, Sudan, and Libya. Following the Russian military’s illegal and unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, the Kremlin dramatically intensified its ongoing efforts to suppress domest ... ic dissent and accelerated the closure or exile of the country’s remaining independent media outlets. In at least 53 countries, users faced legal repercussions for expressing themselves online, often leading to draconian prison terms. 2 Governments are breaking apart the global internet to create more controllable online spaces. A record number of national governments blocked websites with nonviolent political, social, or religious content, undermining the rights to free expression and access to information. A majority of these blocks targeted sources located outside of the country. New national laws posed an additional threat to the free flow of information by centralizing technical infrastructure and applying flawed regulations to social media platforms and user data. 3. China was the world’s worst environment for internet freedom for the eighth consecutive year. Censorship intensified during the 2022 Beijing Olympics and after tennis star Peng Shuai accused a high-ranking Chinese Communist Party (CCP) official of sexual assault. The government continued to tighten its control over the country’s booming technology sector, including through new rules that require platforms to use their algorithmic systems to promote CCP ideology. 4. A record 26 countries experienced internet freedom improvements. Despite the overall global decline, civil society organizations in many countries have driven collaborative efforts to improve legislation, develop media resilience, and ensure accountability among technology companies. Successful collective actions against internet shutdowns offered a model for further progress on other problems like commercial spyware. 5. Internet freedom in the United States improved marginally for the first time in six years. There were fewer reported cases of targeted surveillance and online harassment during protests compared with the previous year, and the country now ranks ninth globally, tied with Australia and France. The United States still lacks a comprehensive federal privacy law, and policymakers made little progress on the passage of other legislation related to internet freedom. Ahead of the November 2022 midterm elections, the online environment was riddled with political disinformation, conspiracy theories, and online harassment aimed at election workers and officials. 6. Human rights hang in the balance amid a competition to control the web. Authoritarian states are vying to propagate their model of digital control around the world. In response, a coalition of democratic governments has increased the promotion of online human rights at multilateral forums, outlining a positive vision for the internet. However, their progress remains hampered by problematic internet freedom practices in their own countries." (Key findings) more

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Content Moderation and Local Stakeholders in Kenya

Victor Kapiyo

Article 19; UNESCO (2022), 83 pp.

"This report specifically looks at the situation of local actors who, while they are impacted by the circulation of harmful content on social media or the moderation thereof, often find themselves unable to take effective action to improve their situation in that respect." (Introduction)

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Content Moderation and Local Stakeholders in Indonesia

London: Article 19 (2022), 77 pp.

"This research has shown that in the midst of the complex and diverse cultural context of Indonesia, growing use and misuse of social media in the country, and the complexity of ‘grey-area’ problematic content in the country, there has been a lack of meaningful and continuous dialogue between pl ... more

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Content Moderation and Local Stakeholders in Bosnia and Herzegovina

UNESCO (2022), 82 pp.

"This report explores the local-specific contextual concerns stemming from global, non-transparent, and profit-driven content moderation processes of social media. The report analyses what happens when certain local communities and countries are 'invisible' to social media platforms and illustrates ... more

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Digital Rights at the UNHRC 49 and Beyond

Peter Micek, Laura O'Brien

Access Now (2022), 10 pp.

"Digital rights violations enable and escalate offline violence, deepening humanitarian crises. The calculated attacks targeting digital systems – essential to people’s safety and wellbeing – are unacceptable. At this critical juncture in history, when human rights violations are rampant from ... more

An Uphill Battle: From Impunity to Justice for Journalist Murders Top Insights

An Uphill Battle: From Impunity to Justice for Journalist Murders
Top Insights