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Fearing the Majority: Catholic Media in Muslim Indonesia

Wijayanto

Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 33-39

"It was 16 June 2016, during the fasting month of Ramadhan. Inside the Kompas newsroom, tens of uninvited guests, mostly wearing white, were visiting the office of the media group. They were members of Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), a hardline Islamic group well known for its sporadic sweeping of In ... donesia, mostly in the name of defending Syaria law. Two days before, a letter had been sent to Kompas newsroom from the FPI, saying they wanted to seek clarification about some of the paper’s coverage. That night, one of the journalists said to me with a bitter smile, “This is a special exception where a guest determined the date and time of the visit without waiting for approval.” As planned, around 1 pm on June 16, those special guests were seated in one of the newspaper’s conference rooms, welcomed by chief editor of Kompas daily newspaper, Budiman Tanuredjo, as well as some other chiefs of the media group from Kompas.TV and Kompas.com. In a video that went viral on YouTube, people could see that the discussion was rather one-sided. The FPI members spoke while the journalist were mostly listening to them. Munarman, the FPI’s spokesperson, accused the media group of unfairly covering recent events. He highlighted the news about the latest swoop in Serang Regency, which caught a middle-aged woman, Saeni, selling food during the day during the fasting month. It was carried out by Satpol PP, the municipal police of the local government specifically functions as public order enforcers. Munarman believed that the raid was virtuous, to enforce Syaria law. He said Kompas had reported the news in a way that portrayed Saeni as a victim and the Satpol PP as the aggressor. Thus, in the view of FPI, Kompas had hurt the feeling of Muslim people. They demanded the coverage to be stopped. They also warned the news organization to never again do such reportage. The FPI members did not stop there. Munarman and other FPI members also incited violence. In an aggressive tone, Munarman warned that such coverage could provoke a repeat of the incidents of 1998. This was a reference to the mass riots in the days before the forced resignation of President Suharto on 21 May 1998. The riot involved ethnic violence against the Chinese minority. Thousands of stores owned by Chinese Indonesians were destroyed, robbed and burnt. Furthermore, tens of Chinese women were sexually abused. There is still ongoing debate about the underlying reasons why the Chinese were targeted, but one theory suggests that it was part of a regime strategy to channel public anger away from President Suharto. Interestingly, despite believing that Kompas was not wrong in a journalistic sense, their journalists responded to the accusations with submission. Responding with smile and a lower tone, Budiman Tanuredjo said, “If we were seen as already crossing the boundaries (kebablasan), please kindly let us know” (Budiman Tanuredjo, 23 June 2016). In the same vein, the journalists from Kompas TV responded that “we were advised that we might have crossed the boundaries in our way, our news routine, we really make it as a lesson”. The other senior journalists who acted as a spokesperson of the media said, “Thank you for your reminder.” Instead of arguing that they were acting according to their journalistic judgment, they decided to admit that they were wrong and apologise to the hardliners. The submissiveness of Kompas becomes more interesting when viewed against the fact that it was not the only media to report the incident. There were at least 10 other online media that reported the raid on Saeni. Those media were Republika, SindoNews, DW, BBC, BeritaSatu, Detik, Tempo, The Jakarta Post, Media Indonesia and Viva. Republika – an Islamic newspaper – was one of the most critical of the raid, explicitly describing Saeni as a victim. On 13 June 2016, they wrote that the spokesperson of the President said that the President had given support to Saeni, “who had been the victim of Satpol PP”. The article’s title was, “Jokowi Gave Charity to a Mother Who Sold Food.” The use of the word “victim” implied that there was a perpetrator, which was the Satpol PP. Yet, FPI did not attack Republika or any other media. Only Kompas became their target. This article argues that the allegations against Kompas and its response were a result of historical factors. Kompas has been repeatedly attacked by Islamic groups due to its Catholic roots. This tendency is exacerbated by the fact that existing blasphemy law provides immense space to prosecute anyone deemed to be offending the feelings of religious believers. Kompas journalists end up internalizing a belief that being minority Catholic is an “original sin” in a majority Muslim country." (pp.33-34) more

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La visita del Papa: Encuesta nacional urbano rural

Lima: GfK Perú (2017), 10 pp.

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Educomunicação: Um diálogo criativo com a pedagogia de Dom Bosco. O estudo de caso junto à Rede Salesiana de Escolas, na América Latina

Antonia Alves Pereira

Porto Alegre: Editora Fi (2017), 248 pp.

"A obra é resultado de dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação defendido na Universidade de São Paulo (USP) em 2012, a obra contextualiza as práticas educativas salesianas a partir do paradigma da educomunicação. A pesquisa foi orientada pelo professor Ismar de Oliveira Soares, ... more

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E o verbo se fez rede: Uma análise da circulaçao do "católico" em redes comunicacionais online

Moisés Sbardelotto

Sao Leopoldo: Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Doctoral Thesis (2016), 498 pp.

"Esta tese analisa como se organizam os processos midiáticos de circulação do “católico” em redes comunicacionais online, que emergem em plataformas sociodigitais, como Facebook e Twitter. A análise se dá por meio de um estudo de casos múltiplos, articulado com gestos de lurking e entrevi ... stas focais semiestruturadas realizadas com responsáveis pela comunicação católica no Vaticano e no Brasil, a partir de um nível suprainstitucional (a conta @Pontifex_pt, no Twitter); um nível institucional vaticano (a página Rádio Vaticano – Programa Brasileiro, no Facebook); um nível socioinstitucional brasileiro (a página Jovens Conectados, no Facebook); e um nível minoritário periférico brasileiro (a página Diversidade Católica, no Facebook). A partir de questões pontuais e proposições, os eixos de articulação e tensionamento teóricos refletem sobre os conceitos de midiatização; midiatização digital; e midiatização digital da religião. Analisam-se, depois, os quatro casos empíricos em torno da circulação do “católico” em rede, a partir das interfaces, protocolos e reconexões observados em cada caso, interpretando criticamente os processos envolvidos na midiatização digital da religião, em três ângulos diferenciados de inferências. Primeiro, no âmbito da midiatização digital, examina-se a emergência de redes comunicacionais online, que articulam circuitos e alimentam o fluxo circulatório. Segundo, no âmbito da circulação midiática em rede, constata-se a emergência de um dispositivo conexial, isto é, um complexo de inter-relações entre processos tecnossimbólicos (interfaces), sociotécnicos (protocolos) e sociossimbólicos (reconexões) que, de forma inter-retroativa, delimitam, condicionam e condensam as práticas religiosas em rede. Em terceiro lugar, no âmbito da reconstrução do “católico”, aponta-se para a emergência de um novo interagente comunicacional, o “leigo-amador”, e de heresias comunicacionais, mediante as quais se dá a invenção/produção de algo novo (construção) e a experimentação/transformação de algo já existente (desconstrução) em torno do catolicismo. Como conclusão, pondera-se sobre o surgimento de uma “religião (em) comum”, marcada por um saber-fazer e por um poder-fazer simbólico-religiosos compartilhados comunicacionalmente para a promoção de experiências; o estabelecimento de crenças; e a configuração de práticas religiosas nas sociedades contemporâneas." (Resumo) more

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Interpretive Communities and Opinion Leaders of Active Catholics: Formation of Attitudes to Church and Social Developments in Engaged Young Catholics in Slovakia

Terézia Roncáková

[author] (2016), 17 pp.

"The paper presents results of the research focused on opinion leaders and interpretive communities of young active Catholics in Slovakia in connection with contemporary ecclesial-societal issues. The author pays a special attention to the Church opinion leaders and the sources of the opinion leader ... more

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"Go and Proclaim" (Mk 16:15): Mission and Social Communication in a New Culture for Evangelization

Franz-Josef Eilers

In: Mission Beyond Ad Gentes

Jacob Kavunkal, Christian Tauchner (eds.)

Siegburg: Franz Schmitt Verlag (2016), pp. 103-122

"The paper will sketch first some developments and indicate directions in the field of social communication to clarify developments which shape our communication situation in a digital world as the environment wherein evangelization takes place. This will be followed, second, by presenting two missi ... more

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A Framework for the Adoption of Information and Communication Technology in Faith-Based Organizations in Kenya: A Case of Comboni Missions

Haron Gacengechi

Nairobi: Strathmore University, Master Thesis (2016), viii, 60 pp.

"This research covers the adoption of ICT in Comboni missions, a faith-based organization with operations in Kenya among other global countries. Comboni missions focus on less developed Kenya counties, and in economically challenged areas such as slums in Mathare, Korogocho, Kariobangi in Nairobi. R ... more

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La vida en la pantalla: Del cine a la sociedad digital

Luis García Orso

México, DF: Buena Prensa (2016), 126 pp.

"Con mirada contemplativa, el espectador de cine e internet es capaz de encontrar 'al otro' en la pantalla. Hoy es necesario conmoverse, detenerse ante el prójimo y poner los ojos en la periferias visuales. No importa de qué lado de la pantalla estemos. Cinéfilo y jesuita, el autor de este libro ... more

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A identidade do sacerdote midiático no ciberespaço

Valdir José Castro de

São Paulo: Pontificia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Doctoral Thesis (2016), 237 pp.

"Esta pesquisa tem por escopo averiguar como se dá a construção da identidade do sacerdote católico no ciberespaço no contexto da intersecção entre comunicação, cibercultura e religião. Considerando que a identidade é construída por meio de narrativas, a investigação tem por objetivo a ... more

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Popular Cultural Action, Catholic Transnationalism, and Development in Colombia before Vatican II

Mary Roldán

In: Local Church, Global Church: Catholic Activism in Latin America from Rerum Novarum to Vatican II

Julia G. Young, Stephen J. C. Andes (eds.)

Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press (2016), pp. 245-274

"This chapter examines the history and development of Popular Cultural Action (Acción Cultural Popular, or ACPO), the multipronged project of Christian revitalization, local empowerment, and communitybased development whose radio education network, Radio Sutatenza, founded by a Colombian parish pri ... est in 1947 to address rural adult illiteracy, became Latin America’s first Catholic radio network and the model for media-based rural education and community development programs in twenty-four countries throughout Latin America, Asia, and Africa. In nearly a half century of existence, ACPO published and distributed more than six million cartillas (illustrated instructional manuals) for its five-point “Fundamental Integral Education” (EFI) program, which included Alphabet, Numbers, Health, Economy and Work, and Practical Spirituality; distributed seventy-six million copies of the newspaper El Campesino; received and answered 1.2 million letters from rural listeners and readers; graduated twenty-three thousand Colombian and foreign radio auxiliaries and community leaders from its training institutes; logged 1.4 million hours of educational broadcasting; and pressed 690,000 records. By 1990, when ACPO was forced to shutter its press and record-cutting studios and sell off its 245 radio network and buildings, it had a presence in hundreds of rural parishes stretched across the length and breadth of Colombia, and its broadcasts and educational materials were frequently acknowledged as inspiration for many a professional of rural origin. ACPO was but one among many other Colombian projects inspired by Leo XIII’s Rerum novarum (1891) and spearheaded by both laypeople and clergy that emerged in the period before Vatican II to redress longstanding social, economic, and cultural inequalities made more acute in the first half of the twentieth century by the specter of totalitarianism, economic crisis, rural migration, urbanization, and incipient industrialization. This chapter traces the history of ACPO between 1947 and 1962. It grew from modest origins, conducting adult rural literacy work and basic community-centered development in three small, Central Andean settlements supported by local in-kind contributions and a small diocesan subsidy. Gradually, it would expand into a multimedia-based educational juggernaut with transnational influence, partners, and funding lauded by Pope Pius XII in a 1953 Vatican Radio broadcast heard throughout Latin America. By the late 1950s, ACPO was held as the model for Catholic-directed, radio-based rural education and community development. ACPO’s success and eventual influence beyond Colombia’s borders was partly the result of Catholic transnational activism occurring in the decades before Vatican II. Efforts to redress the excesses of unrestrained capitalism and to build a community based in papal encyclicals such as Rerum novarum or Quadragesimo anno, even when they stopped short of advocating the kind of structural, grassroots Christian base community approach embraced by Liberation theology, I suggest, laid the foundations for participatory and transformative forms of social action that emerged after Vatican II." (Pages 245-246) more

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Himmel, Herrgott, Sakrament: Auftreten statt austreten

Rainer M. Schießler

München: Kösel (2016), 255 pp.

"Nicht nur gläubig, sondern glaubhaft »Auftreten statt austreten« – lautet der Appell von Rainer Maria Schießler. In einer Zeit, in der so viele Menschen wie nie die katholische Kirche verlassen, gelingt es dem bundesweit bekannten Münchner Stadtpfarrer, dass seine Gemeinde wächst und sich f ... more

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Die pastorale Funktion der kirchlichen Archive

Päpstliche Kommission für die Kulturgüter der Kirche

Bonn: Deutsche Bischofskonferenz, Sekretariat (2016), 156 pp.

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Creating a Sustainable Publishing Future: A Case Study of AMECEA Gaba Publications, Eldoret-Kenya

Cheruiyot Caroline Jelagat

Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, Master of Arts in Publishing Studies Thesis (2016), ix, 111 pp.

"AMECEA Gaba Publications was founded in 1958 in Gaba, Uganda, by the Association of Member Episcopal Conferences of Eastern Africa (AMECEA) bishops [...] Its main publications are the African Ecclesial Review (AFER) journal and Spearhead monograph book series. The concern of this case study was tha ... more

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SIGNIS and Cinema: Looking for God Behind the Screen

Marek Lis (ed.)

Opole (PL); Brussels: Uniwersytet Opolski, Wydzial Teologiczny; Signis Europe (2016), 85 pp.

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Media Literacy: Looking at the Periphery

Delia C. Hernandez, Bernard F. Canaberal, Marie Rose A. Yuzon

Signis Asia (2016), xxiv, 62 pp.

"[This] is a basic resource book for all Signis members who never had any formal degree and training on media literacy and yet understand the importance of doing media literacy in our churches and communities [...] Thus, the team thought it is better to include infographics for its easy understandin ... more

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Kirchliche Analphabeten: Der öffentliche Diskurs zwischen den Medien und der katholischen Kirche

Stephanie von Luttitz

Berlin: Lit (2016), xi, 386 pp.

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L’information religieuse: La news value de "proximite" comme criterie de "sortie vers les peripheries". Une confrontation entre l’information religieuse et l’information laïque

Dieudonné Niyibizi

Rome: Université Pontificale Salesienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Communication Sociale, Thèse de Licence (2016), 165 pp.

"Au second chapitre, nous avons vu que, dans l’ensemble, cette mission du journaliste se heurte à pas mal de défis dont l’identité, la qualité de l’audience, le contenu, ainsi la formation de ses agents. Le journaliste catholique travaille dans une entreprise qui, naturellement répond aux ... more

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Scial Media Policy

Dallas: Catholic Diocese of Dallas (2016), 16 pp.

"Every day, countless conversations take place online about the Catholic faith on social media, and the Diocese of Dallas encourages Church and School personnel to join these conversations to proclaim the Gospel. The Diocese of Dallas also respects the rights of Church and School personnel to use so ... more

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La comunicación en el magisterio del Papa Francisco: Un estudio de la propuesta comunicativa que emerge de los documentos del magisterio del Papa Francisco, 2013-2015

Jairo de Jesús Mejía Rodríguez

Rome: Universidad Pontificia Salesiana, Facultad de Ciencia de las Comunicaciones Sociales, Tesis de licenciatura (2016), 137 pp.

"La conclusión de esta investigación es que la visión comunicativa del Papa Francisco está ligada al testimonio de vida, al gesto, a la metáfora, a los ejemplos de la vida real, a la misericordia y al encuentro con el otro. En este encuentro se debe vivir un verdadero diálogo en el que se debe ... more

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Laudato Si: Sobre el cuidado de nuestra casa común. Radionovela

Red Eclesial Panamazónica (REPAM) (2016), 212 pp.