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Photojournalists’ Social and Economic Rights in Lebanon

Nadine Moubarak

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2023), 58 pp.

"The study addresses four key research questions: What are the social and economic rights of photojournalists in Lebanon? To what extent are these rights currently provided? What are the main challenges faced by photojournalists and their Syndicate? What recommendations can be made to enhance the le ... gal framework for photojournalists in Lebanon? To answer these research questions, a mixed data collection approach was used, combining both qualitative and quantitative data. A total of 19 interviews were conducted with photojournalists working in Lebanon, using the same questionnaire, and led by the Samir Kassir Foundation (SKF) team. One of the most significant findings from these interviews is that some photojournalists who work as employees are not allowed to work as freelancers due to exclusive agreements with their employers. Additionally, some full-time employees do not have the time to take on freelance work. Furthermore, some respondents reported that photographers are not receiving the same salary adjustments as other journalists in media institutions, which has led to a disparity in pay. Out of the 19 respondents, only seven reported receiving payment in United States dollars, while the majority (63%) received payment in Lebanese pounds, or a combination of both currencies at a certain rate. The study also found that 60% of respondents use their personal equipment while working. Given that protective gear such as helmets and anti-bullet vests are expensive in Lebanon, most photojournalists do not use such equipment for their safety during their coverage. Only two respondents reported receiving a safety kit from their institution. Furthermore, 42% of respondents do not have private insurance, which is concerning given the risks and dangers that photojournalists face in their work. During the interviews, one respondent emphasized the need to protect the dignity of photojournalists who have dedicated years to their work. They suggested providing social security and retirement benefits for photojournalists who have given their wholehearted effort to their institutions. The respondent also pointed out that photojournalists often work in multiple roles, such as technicians of light and sound, drivers, and equipment carriers, and may be unable to continue working due to physical injuries. According to the study, 68% of the respondents reported experiencing discrimination in their work. Of the Lebanese respondents, 73% reported experiencing discrimination, with seven citing sectarian and regional discrimination and one reporting discrimination by a state authority. Among foreign respondents, 50% reported experiencing discrimination, with one citing a state authority as the perpetrator. Additionally, 40% of respondents reported not having a written contract with their employer or client. Of the nine who reported having a written contract, eight mentioned not having a copy of it. One respondent who did not have a written contract explained that they were afraid of being dismissed and left jobless, feeling constantly threatened and unable to demand more. The study highlighted the crucial role that photojournalists play in the media industry, with the majority of respondents acknowledging their importance. However, one respondent noted during an interview that despite the reliance on photo and video visuals, photographers are often the weakest link and are blamed for any errors or mistakes. Two other respondents echoed this sentiment. One major issue that the Photojournalists’ Syndicate faces is that its internal regulation is outdated (from 1994) and there are no professional regulations for photojournalists. In response to the question of whether the Syndicate plays a major role in protecting photojournalists’ rights in Lebanon, 58% of the respondents answered “No”. Many of those who said “No” explained that the issue is not with the Syndicate itself, but with the government in general, its corrupt system, and the fact that the authorities do not allow the Syndicate to do its work." (https://www.skeyesmedia.org) more

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Indagaciones sobre imagen y representación visual

Emilce Hernández, Omar Quijano (eds.)

San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca; Buenos Aires: Teseo (2022), 218 pp.

"En la actualidad el debate sobre la imagen y la cultura visual compromete un amplio abanico de tematizaciones, que van desde la vinculación de la imagen con la magia o el animismo hasta sus cualidades para intervenir en la comunicación textual de las tecnologías digitales. Si bien muchos estudio ... more

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Viewing Photography in Post-Dictatorship Latin America: Visual Interruptions, 1997-2016

David Rojinsky

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2022), xvii, 293 pp.

"This book examines the archival aesthetic of mourning and memory developed by Latin American artists and photographers between 1997-2016. Particular attention is paid to how photographs of the assassinated or disappeared political dissident of the 1970s and 1980s, as found in family albums and in o ... more

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Photographing Central Asia: From the Periphery of the Russian Empire to Global Presence

Svetlana Gorshenina, Sergei Abashin, Bruno De Cordier, Tatiana Saburova (eds.)

Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter (2022), viii, 431 pp.

"The aim of this volume is to interpret photography as a specific tool that reifies reality, subjectively frames it, and fits it into various political, ideological, commercial, scientific, and artistic contexts. Without reducing the entire argument to the binary of ‘photography and power’, the ... more

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Desafios na identificação e organização de fotografias: Abordagens teóricas e boas práticas nos arquivos brasileiros

Telma Campanha de Carvalho Madio, Bruno Henrique Machado, Maria Leandra Bizello (org.)

São Paulo: Cultura Acadêmica (2022), 449 pp.

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The Use of Imagery in Global Health: An Analysis of Infectious Disease Documents and a Framework to Guide Practice

Esmita Charani, Sameed Shariq, Alexandra M. Cardoso Pinto, Raabia Farooqi, Winnie Nambatya et al.

Lancet Global Health, volume 11 (2022), pp. 155-164

"This work has highlighted the biased approaches in the use of imagery by those who hold power in global health. It is crucial to engage with these issues and to identify how we can work to treat individuals featured in global health imagery equitably, regardless of their circumstances, geography, r ... more

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Ethical Traditions in Humanitarian Photography and the Challenges of the Digital Age: Four Conversations with Canadian Communications Officers

Dominique Marshall

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 3, issue 2 (2021), pp. 57-64

"As the production, content, and display of humanitarian images faced the requirements of digital media, humanitarian organizations struggled to keep equitable visual practices. Media specialists reflect on past and current uses of images in four Canadian agencies: the Canadian Red Cross, the Multic ... more

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Aqui estamos e a palavra é nossa: Mulheres de Cabo Vede, Guiné-Bissao e S. Tomé e Principe

Conceição Lima, Odete Costa Semede, Vera Duarte, Dário Pequeno Paraíso

Lisboa: ACEP Associação para a Cooperação Entre os Povos (2021), 44 pp.

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Diseño y enunciación: La imagen de la guerra

John Wilson Herrera Murcia

Manizales, Colombia: Editorial Universidad de Caldas (2021), 312 pp.

"Este libro constituye un estudio desde el Diseño y la Enunciación sobre la fotorreportería del periódico El tiempo 2002-2006, su propósito es indagar acerca del conflicto armado colombiano y revelar cuáles fueron los principales antecedentes que le dieron origen. De esta manera, la imagen fot ... more

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On the Death of Jews: Photographs and History

Nadine Fresco

New York; Oxford: Berghahn; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (2021), 104 pp.

"Straddling the boundary between historical inquiry and personal reflection, this extraordinary text unfolds as a series of encounters with eponymic Holocaust photographs. Although only a small number of photographs are reproduced here, Fresco provides evocative descriptions of many well-known image ... more

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Visual Ethics: A Guide for Photographers, Journalists, and Media Makers

Paul Martin Lester, Stephanie A. Martin, Martin Smith-Rodden

New York; London: Routledge, 2nd ed. (2021), xx, 226 pp.

"The book covers the definitions and uses of six philosophies, analytical methods, cultural awareness, visual reporting, documentary, citizen journalists, advertising, public relations, typography, graphic design, data visualizations, cartoons, motion pictures, television, computers and the web, aug ... more

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Ethics of Image Journalism

Internews (2021), 9 pp.

"For photo and video journalists, the COVID-19 pandemic has raised difficult questions regarding how they show the grief of the victims and survivors, and the courage of medical workers to illustrate their stories and show the deadly impact of the virus, without exploiting grief and without insertin ... more

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Visual Media and Development Education in Canadian Schools: 1980–2000

Dominique Marshall

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 3, issue 2 (2021), pp. 45-56

"For two decades, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) prepared pedagogical materials for Canadian schools. This article reviews the role of visual media in the hundreds of publications prepared for Development Education. Samples collected by Marc Rockbrune, Distribution Clerk respon ... more

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Fotovoz: Reconexión Monkoxi. Un tejido de historias de autonomía, identidad y acción climática por jóvenes Monkoxi

Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Editorial NUR (2021), 118 pp.

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Afrika im Blick der Fotografen = Africa in the view of the photographers

Arno Harth, Frank Krämer, Michael Schley, John Fleetwood, Sean O'Toole

Esslingen: Edition Cantz; Edition Völklinger Hütte (2020), 104 pp.

"Today’s discourses on Africa are manifold – as manifold as the images we have of everyday life there. Both are fed by a Western narrative that saddles the “Black Continent” with all kinds of clichés – whether the stuff of dreams or of nightmares. In images that are at times documentary, ... more

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Ethics and Integrity in Visual Research Methods

Savannah Dodd (ed.)

Bingley (UK): Emerald Publishing (2020), xviii, 206 pp.

"Ethics and Integrity in Visual Research Methods aims to unpack the multiple considerations for ethics and integrity that accompany research methods involving visual data generation and analysis. This volume focuses on the media of photography and film. Contributing authors cover a variety of topics ... more

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The Augmented Archive: History in Real Time. An Archaeology of Images of the Egyptian Revolution

Kaya Behkalam, Knut Ebeling

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 5092-5107

"This study explores the challenges of archiving the Egyptian revolution from 2011, and basically any archive consisting of digital media, specifically in contexts of ongoing political contestation. The text proposes a media-archaeological approach in both theory and practice: The media artist Kaya ... more

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Shooting Cameras for Peace: Youth, Photography, and the Colombian Armed Conflict = Disparando cámaras para la paz: Juventud, fotografía y el conflicto armado colombiano

Alexander L. Fattal

Cambridge, Mass.: Peabody Museum Press (2020), 251 pp.

"As a young Fulbright scholar in Bogotá, determined to democratize the photographic gaze and bring new visions and voices to public debate about Colombia's armed conflict, Alexander L. Fattal founded Disparando Cámaras para la Paz (Shooting Cameras for Peace). The project taught photography to you ... more

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Lest We Forget = Gegen das Vergessen

Luigi Toscano

Heidelberg: Gegen das Vergessen (2020)

"LEST WE FORGET is a project by the German-Italian photographer and filmmaker Luigi Toscano under the patronage of the German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas. In 2014, he started traveling in order to meet Holocaust survivors who are now living in the US, Germany, the Netherlands, Belarus, Ukraine, Isra ... el and Russia. He gave them the opportunity to share their personal story – probably for the last time. The result: more than 400 portrait photos – the heart of the project. They are at the center of a photographic installation as well as the photo book, an app and the documentary movie. The number is still growing, but as the years are passing by, it won’t be long before there are no contemporary witnesses alive anymore. When the meetings with the first protagonists started, we quickly realized that LEST WE FORGET was going to be more than just a short-term project. The people shared a lot with us – their very personal life stories. And they encouraged us to go on. Like Anna Strishkowa, who abused for human experiments by the Nazi “doctor” Mengele, when she was just a child and who we portrayed in Kiev in 2015: „If not us, who?“ Each and every story is unique. But at the same time, each and every story was also told for the countless others that could not be heard anymore. LEST WE FORGET is more than just a look back at our past, as remembrance has a great influence on how we feel and act. The protagonist Susan Cernyak-Spatz shared a quote with us that gets to the heart of it: „If we forget the past, we are condemned to repeat it.“ LEST WE FORGET is designed as an exhibition in the public space. Our goal is an open and barrier-free presentation of the pictures with access to all people. This democratic demand will remain crucial for us. However, with regard to the concrete form of the exhibition, we place great emphasis on openness and flexibility. This opens a broad range of opportunities: Even if places, conditions and forms change, the nature of the installation can be maintained. More than one million visitors worldwide have seen the photo installation LEST WE FORGET. In 2015 it was shown for the first time in Luigi Toscano’s hometown Mannheim. One year later it accompanied the state ceremony for the commemoration of the massacres in Babyn Yar in Kyiv, in which the then-president of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, the then-patron of this project the German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier and the mayor of Kyiv Vitali Klitshko participated. Three stations in Ukraine followed as well as two in Berlin. In 2018 LEST WE FORGET had its first exhibition in the US. The installation was invited for the International Holocaust Remembrance Day at the Headquarters of the United Nations. Later that year, it was shown at the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool in Washington, D.C., where about 150 000 people saw the 120 exhibited portraits, the biggest of its kind. In autumn that year it traveled to Boston and in 2019 to San Francisco. Parallel to San Francisco, it was shown in Mainz and Vienna, firstly in three cities at the same time. The next stations in the US were Kansas City and Pittsburgh. There the exhibit took place at the Campus of the University of Pittsburgh – one year after the most horrific Anti-Semitic attackin US-history on the Tree of Life synagogue. In April 2019, when the portraits were exhibited at the Burgring in Vienna under the patronage of the Austrian president Alexander Van der Bellen, something happened what we have feared for a long time: Several pictures were defaced with knives and vandalized with National Socialist symbols and slogans. The blatant hatred and the force have deeply shocked us. But from then on, we could learn that other forces are stronger. The theater group Nesterval, the Muslim Youth of Austria, Young Caritas as well as other organizations and individual volunteers grouped up on their own and started to protect the exhibition from further attacks until its end, and this around the clock. The sympathy, solidarity and humanity we could experience has shown us: We are not alone and it is worth fighting on. In January 2020 the project accompanied the International Holocaust Remembrance Day at the Office of the United Nations in Geneva." (About the project) more

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Safety culture changing visual representations of wars? The case of Afghanistan

Saumava Mitra

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 13 pp.

"In international conflict correspondence safety mechanisms are unequally employed to protect local news-staffs in contrast to international staffs. Arguably, this has had the greatest impact on image production from war zones, exposing local photojournalists to increased dangers. But it also raises ... more