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Media focus
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Journals
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Output Type
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71
Infoblätter Community Radio: Peru
Berlin: Nachrichtenpool Lateinamerika (npla) (2016), 8 pp.
"Zu sagen, in Peru gäbe es keine Community-Radios, wäre falsch. Mittlerweile operieren 14 Basisradios sogar mit einer entsprechenden Lizenz, denn ein 2004 verabschiedetes Gesetz schreibt gemeinschaftlich organisierte Sender offiziell als dritte Säule fest. Doch unzählige lokale Stationen, die au
...
fgrund ihrer Praxis als Community-Radios bezeichnet werden können, strahlen ihr Programm ohne oder unter anderer Lizenz aus. Gründe dafür gibt es viele – unter anderem verhindern Zentralismus, Behördenwillkür und ein kompliziertes Verfahren, dass Lizenzen für Community-Radios beantragt werden. Zudem hapert es bis heute an der Umsetzung des Gesetzes. Dessen ungeachtet ist über mehrere Jahrzehnte unter anderem Label eine vielseitige Radiolandschaft mit partizipativem Charakter entstanden." (Seite 1)
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Case Study: Crowdfunding Civic Action - Pimp my Carroça
In: Civic Media: Technology, Design, Practice
Cambridge, Mass; London: MIT Press (2016), pp. 609-612
"El estudio de los fenómenos comunicativos en las elecciones de México de 2015 constituye el punto de análisis en el presente volumen. En el marco normativo de un órgano electoral nuevo, el Instituto Nacional Electoral, las variaciones del tratamiento informativo y la presencia de estrategias me
...
diáticas en la prensa, la radio y la televisión reforzaron la idea de unos medios de comunicación que fungieron como creadores de contextos interpretativos y agentes de control de la opinión pública, para el posicionamiento o deslegitimación de los candidatos ciudadanos y de los partidos políticos. Las elecciones intermedias demostraron, a pesar de la reforma electoral de 2014 y la participación de los candidatos independientes, que la regulación normativa del modelo de comunicación política tiene frente a sí a la diversidad de prácticas mediáticas y modulación discursiva como un universo de manifestaciones del lenguaje de la política, que se re-inventa a cada paso." (Editorial)
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"Romanian journalists said that objectivity is the most important attribute of their work. They strongly believe that their job is to report events exactly the way they happened, without any external or internal intervention. The low standard deviations in these cases indicate that there is a high l
...
evel of agreement (at least declarative agreement) on the most important roles of the Romanian journalists. In addition, Romanian journalists think they have a duty to serve their public. As shown in Table 1, they believe their role is to educate the audience and provide an analysis of the current problems. However, the standard deviation shows that there is not a high level of agreement on the main roles of the journalists. For the majority of the Romanian journalists it is essential to assume a social role in the community. They consider it important to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to let people express their views, to support national development and to advocate for social change. The percentage of those who assume the role of watch dogs for the politicians is smaller; only half of the Romanian journalists questioned in this particular study believe it is important to monitor and scrutinize political leaders." (Journalistic roles, page 2)
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Thirty Rising Media Markets 2016
London: ZenithOptimedia (2016), 51 pp.
"The markets we do include are a very diverse bunch, from the very closed and politically tightly controlled such as Laos; through a large number of nations on the African continent which have seen a sudden improvement in digital infrastructure thanks to the landing of several new submarine intercon
...
tinental fibre optic cables over the past few years; and not forgetting markets like Trinidad & Tobago, which seems to enjoy a large choice of TV channels to serve a relatively modest population; or indeed Iran, fresh from its welcome back into the international fold following the suspension of UN sanctions in January 2016. For each market, we give some economic data sourced from the IMF, as well as our estimates and forecasts for advertising expenditure and growth in its ad market to 2018. We also provide a short commentary setting out an overview of the media market in question." (Page 1)
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Geopolitics of Search: Google Versus China?
Media, Culture & Society, volume 38, issue 4 (2016), pp. 591-605
"This article focuses on the case of Google, the newly emerged US Internet industry and global geographical market expansion. Google's struggles in China, where Chinese domestic Internet firm, Baidu, controls the market, have been commonly presented in the Western mainstream media in terms of a stru
...
ggle over a strategic information infrastructure between two nation states - newly 'emerging' global power China countering the United States, the world's current hegemon and information empire. Is China really becoming an imperial rival to the United States? What is the nature of this opposition over this new industry? Given that the search engine industry in China is heavily backed by transnational capital - and in particular US capital - and is experiencing intense inter-capitalist competition, this perceived view of inter-state rivalry is incomplete and misleading. By looking at the tussle over the global search business, this article seeks to illuminate the changing dynamics of the US-led transnationalizing capitalism in the context of China's reintegration into the global capitalist market." (Abstract)
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Der Vergleich als Metamethode in der Kommunikationswissenschaft
In: Handbuch nicht standardisierte Methoden in der Kommunikationswissenschaft
Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2016), pp. 49-65
"Der Beitrag stellt die Erkenntnisgewinnung durch Vergleich als das zentrale Merkmal komparativer Forschung vor und erläutert, wie das Komparative als Kern eines Forschungsvorhabens in der Kommunikationsforschung einzulösen ist. Er zeichnet die bisherige Entwicklung der komparativen Kommunikations
...
forschung nach, stellt ihre Leistungen vor dem Hintergrund des methodischen Vorgehens heraus und skizziert die Herausforderungen dabei. Mit einem Einblick in die Anwendung vergleichender Forschung in kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Teildisziplinen, der mit ihr verbundenen Theoriebildung sowie einer kurzen Darstellung von Leerstellen und Desiderata wird der Überblick zur Methode des Vergleichs vervollständigt." (Abstract)
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The Truth Between the Lines: Conceptualization of Trust in News Media in Serbia, Macedonia, and Croatia
Mass Communication & Society, volume 19, issue 3 (2016), pp. 323-351
"This study explored, by comparative thematic analysis, the conceptualization of trust in news media in Serbia, Macedonia, and Croatia - three countries of Eastern Europe where past oppressive regimes might have left a heritage of distrust in all institutions. The analysis of 61 in-depth interviews
...
showed the coexistence of three connotations of trust: trust as faith in news media as expert systems, trust in journalistic selectivity (found in all three countries), and trust as confidence in news media (found only in the Serbian sample). The analysis of the interviews also indicated a possible new dimension of journalistic selectivity and showed that, when looking for the truth in media messages, Serbians, Macedonians, and Croatians relied more on themselves than on the trustworthiness of their news media systems. The implications of these results on the measurement of trust in news media and on the relationship of Eastern Europeans toward their news media systems are discussed in light of sociological theories of trust, as well as specific historical, social, and cultural circumstances in the region." (Abstract)
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Ethnic Media, Conflict, and the Nation-State: Kurdish Broadcasting in Turkey and Europe and Mediated Nationhood
Media, Culture & Society, volume 38, issue 5 (2016), pp. 738-754
"Drawing on fieldwork among Kurdish broadcasters in Turkey and Europe, this article shows how ethnic media mediate nationhood in a conflict context. Despite rising interest in the media-nationhood nexus, and the expansion of studies on ethnic media, little is known about ethnic media in conflicts in
...
volving state and non-state actors. This study investigates three Kurdish broadcasters, Roj-TV, Gün-TV, and TRT-6. The collected data include expert interviews and informal conversations with employees. Through a grounded theory approach, a model is developed that proposes four modes of mediated nationhood, in which the relation to the state and the role of ethnicity are key elements. Next, it is demonstrated how mediated nationhood in conflicts is characterized by multiple constraints, and how this affects the perceived roles and ethnic belongings among media professionals." (Abstract)
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"Ending the culture of impunity requires strengthening the culture of resistance. Impunity results in the dearth or absence of press freedom which, in turn, has deleterious effects on the practice of journalism as the people are deprived of relevant information that could help shape public opinion.
...
Effective governance can only be achieved if there is an atmosphere conducive to press freedom and other basic freedoms. The local and global campaigns to end impunity should continue so that the culture of resistance would be strengthened and the specter of the culture of impunity would be finally gone. The Philippines proves to be an interesting case study as it is one of the freest press in Asia but has one of the most number of journalists killed worldwide. The most notable example of media killings is the massacre in Ampatuan, Maguindanao (located in the southern part of the Philippines) where 32 journalists and media workers were among the 58 people killed. The situation in the Philippines is alarming given the prevailing culture of impunity." (Abstract)
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Video as Evidence: Mini Guides
Witness (2016), 32 pp.
Burmese Media in Transition
International Journal of Communication, volume 10 (2016), pp. 182-199
"This article offers an assessment of media and their role in the ongoing political transition in Myanmar, and an overview of lessons learned from other countries undergoing transition. It demonstrates how media function in this process as active agents of stability, restraint, change, or all three,
...
and assesses how Myanmar’s experiences reinforce or challenge common assumptions about democratic transition. The discussion draws from interviews over many years with journalists, editors, advocacy groups, and policy makers and participant observation in media offices and at media-related events. The research examines the origins of the recent changes, the importance of history, the role of civil society—including ethnic and formerly exile media—and issues of political economy and media diversity." (Abstract)
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Retrato en negro de los medios de comunicación
Guatemala: Filos Ediciones (2016), 174 pp.
Power is Everywhere: How Stakeholder-Driven Media Build the Future of Watchdog News
Stakeholder Media Project (2016), 161 pp.
"Social or not, we contend that there is substantially more room for commercial practices and enterprises in the independent news space than has generally been recognized. A primary goal of this book is to show journalists and entrepreneurs how they may occupy that space through stakeholder-driven m
...
edia. First, in Chapters One and Two we will set out key components of business models. From that base we will distinguish stakeholder-driven media (SDM) from mainstream media (MSM), in particular where their value propositions are concerned. We will then explore current variations on these principles in SDM. At the end of the book we will return to this theme, through outlining SDM enterprises that may soon emerge. Our predictive track record is not perfect, but it’s not bad; in 2010 we predicted that media focused on fact-checking would become a growth sector, and in 2016 there are well over 100 of them around the world. Replace: Fact-checking played a key role in the 2016 U.S. election, too. We also believe that stakeholder-driven media are changing the strategies by which “impact” is achieved in journalism; this is the subject of Chapter Three. The landmark research of David L. Protess and his colleagues showed that investigative journalism achieves reforms most often through a sustained effort involving a coalition of social and institutional forces, and rarely from a single “mobilizing” article or series in any media. Put another way, the broader story – how events play out over time – trumps the scoop; the last word beats the first word. That finding directly inspired our own research into how SDM achieve reform, and sensitized us to why MSM may not always be the ideal vehicle for journalism that seeks to change the world: In practice, MSM rarely stick around for the broader story. Likewise, non-profit investigative journalism centers – who, as we noted, typically rely on MSM to publish their stories – rarely follow their blockbuster stories across the years required to achieve reform or relief for victims. This is considered advocacy, not objective or even credible reporting. In contrast, stakeholder-driven media consider advocacy part of their mission. They exist, precisely, to defend the interests of a community of practice or interest, to help carry through its agenda. That may not make them credible to MSM, but it certainly makes them credible to their users. SDM do not go on to the next story and forget the preceding one. They pursue a story so long as it matters to their stakeholders – their community. They are thus capable of achieving results over time that MSM rarely attain. For that reason, serious journalists are well advised to see how they may collaborate with SDM as well as MSM. Because of stakeholder-driven media, the notion that the attention of MSM is required to set reform agendas is no longer as true as it was when sociologist Michael Lipsky famously described how activists use news media to dramatize their demonstrations and embarrass authorities into action.3 We have studied numerous cases in which SDM, not MSM, determined the outcome. We have seen that the MSM have lost a surprising share of their previous agenda-setting influence, and SDM have gained it. We will show you how, and we will show you how you can capture and wield that influence yourself. We hope you will do it for the benefit of your own community, as well as the rest of the world." (Page 9-10)
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Brechas: La desigualdad en las políticas de fomento de medios comunitarios, otros medios e industrias culturales
Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias de la Comunicación, volume 13, issue 25 (2016), pp. 84-95
"En este artículo se analiza en qué medida las políticas públicas de comunicación y cultura fueron uno de los factores fundamentales que contribuyeron para construir la posición de profunda desventaja en términos de sostenibilidad económica de los medios comunitarios, populares y alternativo
...
s de Argentina con respecto a los medios de propiedad privada con fines de lucro, a los de propiedad estatal y a otras industrias culturales. Se pretende demostrar que estos medios, en comparación con medios privados y estatales y con otras industrias culturales, se han desarrollado en históricas condiciones de desigualdad que perjudicaron sus posibilidades de sostenibilidad económica en el tiempo." (Abstract)
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Reporting on Elections: Council of Europe Handbook for Civil Society Organisations
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2016), 152 pp.
"The Council of Europe handbook Reporting on elections aims to help observers become more efficient and to produce more effective reports, specifically focusing on the reporting of core team members. At the same time, it also covers the reporting of long- and short-term observers. It deals mainly wi
...
th final election reports and reports/statements on preliminary findings, while also providing insight into interim reports and ideas for ad hoc reports and press releases, in addition to tips on how to follow up on recommendations. This handbook gives an overview of the planning of observation activities from a reporting perspective: the scope of election observation, assessment of the organisations’ reporting capacities, key observation principles and what observers could focus on, how to assess the reporting capacities of one’s own organisation, and how to conduct training on reporting." (Back cover)
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Case Study: Mídia NINJA and the Rise of Citizen Journalism in Brazil
In: Civic Media: Technology, Design, Practice
Cambridge, Mass; London: MIT Press (2016), pp. 527-532
The (Un)safe Practice of Journalism: An Analysis Based on UNESCO’s Journalists’ Safety Indicators Assessments
In: Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition: Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age
Göteborg: Nordicom (2016), pp. 103-107
"Journalists around the world are being killed and threatened for doing their work. This is a serious hindrance to freedom of expression and the safe practice of journalism. UN and UNESCO have led the process to create the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity to i
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mprove the safety of journalists. As a part of the UN Plan, UNESCO also developed the Journalists’ Safety Indicators (JSI) assessment, which enables evaluation of the safety of journalists in a given country. Based on the first JSI assessments in Pakistan, Guatemala, Honduras, Nepal and Kenya in 2013-2015, but also following the recent developments in the practice of journalism, this article argues that in order to protect journalists and those practicing journalism properly, the concept of ‘journalist’ needs to be defined broadly. Furthermore, special attention needs to be paid to digital safety issues, women journalists, and wide-based cooperation on the safety of journalists." (Abstract)
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"Increasingly, the most powerful images from a news event are captured by eyewitnesses. The proliferation of smartphones and the popularity of social networks means that before a professional camera crew can arrive at the scene, there will almost always be footage of events already uploaded to the l
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ikes of Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Vine and Whatsapp, or streams appearing via Periscope or Facebook Live. Other bystanders might also have footage on their phones, which they have not posted online. If you work for a news organisation, it is likely you are interested in using some of these images. But how do you navigate the legal and ethical hurdles? This guide answers ten key questions you will face working with status updates on social networks and other online platforms as well as eyewitness media – photographs or videos captured by unofficial sources." (Introduction)
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