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1
Media focus
9277
2537
1696
1336
697
238
235
114
42
28
Publication Years
4393
5626
2694
842
415
198
1289
141
18
1
Methods applied
522
487
418
325
197
82
62
49
27
14
14
11
7
6
5
5
5
4
3
2
1
Journals
272
183
128
94
93
79
73
69
69
67
67
63
60
45
39
39
37
36
36
34
34
32
31
30
25
25
25
23
20
19
18
17
16
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3
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2
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1
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Output Type
7681
3373
3323
630
220
181
130
71
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lubljana; Sarajevo: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Mediacentar (2021), 29 pp.
"The legislative framework for the regulation of hate speech in BiH is fragmented and unaligned with European standards, and there are few cases of its processing. Ways to combat disinformation mainly rely on self-regulatory frameworks and fact-checking platforms, and there are no comprehensive stra
...
tegies to combat disinformation. Given the large presence of hate speech and disinformation, especially in the online sphere, which can affect the democratic processes in the country, it is necessary to improve the legislative, regulatory and self-regulatory frameworks and ways of their application. Bosnia and Herzegovina is obliged to adopt appropriate solutions in accordance with international conventions, recommendations of international bodies and standards of the European Court of Human Rights." (Conclusion, page 21)
more
Many Voices, Many Worlds: Critical Perspectives on Community Media in India
New Delhi: Sage (2021), 365 pp.
"Many Voices, Many Worlds: Critical Perspectives on Community Media in India is a critical reflection on governance and policymaking, development, disability, knowledge and other social markers in the context of community media. Bringing together different modes of community media—such as video, r
...
adio, theatre, information and communication technologies (ICTs) and new media—into a productive conversation with each other, the book focuses on how communities through their communicative practices, negotiate the politics of caste, class, gender, and access to funding and technology." (Publisher description)
more
Media Viability in Lebanon: Applying DW Akademie’s Media Viability Indicators (MVIs)
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), 46 pp.
"The biggest detriments to news media viability in Lebanon include: The political partisanship of the media; A lack of sustainable business models for the media; An oversaturated and hypercompetitive media market resulting in lowered quality of content; Too little competition in the advertisement ma
...
rket, which is dominated by one advertising agency and big digital companies such as Google; Non-transparent media ownership and funding (including foreign direct funding); Problematic audience behaviours including the creation of “ideological bubbles” based on political or religious interests. The results lead to the conclusion that news media viability in Lebanon can best be improved by working towards a less overcrowded media market, reducing foreign direct funding, establishing sustainable business models and more independent and free conditions for the production of quality news content." (Executive summary, page 6)
more
The Mojo Handbook: Theory to Praxis
Key Guides
"Drawing on both theoretical underpinnings and practical techniques, the book outlines the fundamentals of mobile journalism methods, placing mobile storytelling within a wider context of current affairs, documentary filmmaking, and public relations. The book offers expert advice for how to use stor
...
ytelling skills to transform mobile content into engaging and purposeful user generated stories for audiences. Topics covered include tips for recording dynamic video and clean audio, conducting interviews on your phone, and editing and post-production processes, as well as advice on how to handle copyright issues and a primer on journalistic ethics. The book also includes a comprehensive glossary of terms to help students navigate the and video production and mobile journalism world." (Publisher description)
more
Post-regime-change Afghan and Iraqi media systems: Strategic ambivalence as technology of media governance
Media, War & Conflict, volume 16, issue 2 (2021), pp. 228-245
"This article investigates the governance of post-US invasion Afghan and Iraqi media systems by analyzing provisions pertinent to public broadcasting, licensing, and defamation in 14 laws and policy documents in the two nations. The author argues that the results point to a regime of regulatory ambi
...
valence whereby state authorities have established an ontologically incongruent complex of legal and policy structures characterized by a simultaneous cohabitation of democratic and authoritarian tendencies. This ambivalence, born of struggles and contestations between state authorities, domestic civil societies and external supporters and donors, is a deliberate technology of media governance. The authoritarian tendencies of this regulatory regime have implications for media/journalists’ self-regulation as they are designed to curtail the agency of media institutions and journalists, and assert government control over speech and the flow of information." (Abstract)
more
Subordinating Freedom of Expression to Human Dignity: Promoting or Undermining Journalism—A Case of Zimbabwe
African Journalism Studies, volume 42, issue 2 (2021), pp. 43-58
"Motivated by a 2014 Constitutional Court opinion that under Zimbabwe’s new constitution of 2013, freedom of expression might have to be considered as subordinate to human dignity, the study analyses the implications of this on journalistic practice. The study argues that such a move would undermi
...
ne watchdog journalism, thereby limiting people’s freedom of expression right to receive information. This is based on a textual analysis of Zimbabwe’s freedom of expression jurisprudence, which shows that currently the odds are in favour of protecting the reputation of those in power. Thus, subordinating freedom of expression to human dignity might mean worsening an already bad situation." (Abstract)
more
Staatliche Medienförderung: Begriffsverständnis, theoretische Zugänge und Praxen in der DACH-Region
"Staatliche Medienförderung gilt als Instrument der Medienpolitik und bedeutet in der Regel die fortwährende finanzielle Unterstützung von Medieninhabern zur Produktion und dem Vertrieb von Medieninhalten und -projekten. Staatliche Medienförderung kann viele Formen annehmen, meint aber vorwiegen
...
d direkte Finanzbeihilfen und Steuervergünstigungen. Bei einer Förderung, die über den klassischen Printmedienbereich (Tages- und Wochenzeitungen) hinausgeht, spricht man im Allgemeinen von Medienförderung (Film, Hörfunk und Fernsehen, aber auch Buch, Spiele, Internet, und Konvergenzmedien). Es wird im vorliegenden Beitrag argumentiert, dass die staatliche Förderung von Medien eine demokratie- und kulturpolitische Pflicht des Staates ist, um Medien- und Meinungsvielfalt zu stärken, die Produktion eines qualitativ anspruchsvollen Angebots anzuregen und dessen Konsum zu unterstützen. Die Debatten zu Medienförderung sind allerdings vielfältig, kontrovers und wertstrittig geführt. Die angebotenen Systeme werden gerne als ineffizient und wenig innovativ wahrgenommen. Demgegenüber stehen Argumente, die positive Effekte von staatlicher Medienförderung wie Erhalt und Erweiterung des Marktangebots und Vielfaltsicherung im Interesse des Konsums hervorheben. Der vorliegende Beitrag gelangt auf Basis von Analysen ausgewählter Förderpraxen in der DACH-Region [Deutschland, Österreich, deutschsprachige Schweiz] zum Ergebnis, dass das Phänomen Medienförderung mit dem wissenschaftlichen Instrumentarium der Medienökonomie plausibel begründbar ist. Die aktuellen Förderpraxen sind in Richtung einer „integralen Medienförderung“ auszubauen." (Zusammenfassung)
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From Telenovelas to Netflix: Transnational, Transverse Television in Latin America
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), xvii 265 pp.
"This book is about television in Latin America. Its national and regional industries create most television programming there within genres developed over time in the region. However, part of the programming has always come from the U.S., Europe and elsewhere. With cable, satellite and now streamin
...
g TV, that inflow of foreign programming has increased substantially. While many in the audience still prefer national or regional programs for their cultural proximity, an increasing number among the upper-middle and middle classes, particularly the young, are turning to the new foreign services, like Netflix, Amazon and Disney for class distinction, cosmopolitanism or other motives. Among the television industries global regional and national actors are creating a variety of programs and channels (broadcast, pay-TV and streaming) to segment and appeal to different parts of the audience." (Publisher description)
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Disability Reporting in the Media
Internews (2021), 18 pp.
"In this manual, we discuss key disability issues, key messages and principles for journalists wanting to support the human rights of Africans with disabilities. The manual also deals with terminology - it is about using words and that puts the person rather than the disability first. Jounalists wil
...
l learn how to create disability programs that resonate with their audiences and encourage wider PwDs (Persons with Disability) participation at every level of the society despite the barriers they must deal with [...] This manual has been developed for handling the workshops based on the contents of the guide. It provides guidelines and tools for a three-day workshop on the guide." (Pages 3-4)
more
The Oxford Handbook of Freedom of Speech
Oxford: Oxford University Press (2021), xxiii, 584 pp.
"The liberty to speak freely is often questioned; what is the relationship between this freedom and other rights and values, how far does this freedom extend, and how is it applied to contemporary challenges? This handbook seeks to answer these and other pressing questions. It provides a critical an
...
alysis of the foundations, rationales, and ideas that underpin freedom of speech as a political idea, and as a principle of positive constitutional law. In doing so, it examines freedom of speech in a variety of national and supra-national settings from an international perspective." (Publisher description)
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Covid-19 und der Journalismus: Problemzonen im Verhältnis zwischen Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit
In: Corona: Pandemie und Krise
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2021), pp. 265-276
"Die Bedeutung, die dem Medieninformationssystem zukam, hat die amerikanische Medienwissenschaftlerin Sandra Ball-Rokeach auf eine knappe Formel gebracht: Je einschneidender Änderungen der sozialen Umwelt empfunden werden, desto wahrscheinlicher wird es, dass das »Medieninformationssystem« für p
...
raktisch alle Akteurezur wichtigsten Ressource wird, diese Umwelt zu verstehen und in ihrsinnvoll zu handeln. Das wiederum ist so zu verstehen, dass mit Erscheinen des Virus auf der Bildfläche das Wirkungspotenzial von Medien mindestens kurzfristig enorm angestiegen sein dürfte. Das ist aus dieser Perspektive aber weniger den Inszenierungskünsten des Journalismus oder denen von Influencerinnen und Influencern zuzurechnen, als eben der großen allgemeinen Verunsicherung, die dieses Virus ausgelöst hat. Als Maß dieser Verunsicherung können die teilweise ganz erheblichen Reichweitengewinne für etablierte Medienorganisationen gelten. Die öffentlich-rechtlichen und privaten Informationsangebote des Fernsehens, praktisch die gesamte Presse – offline wie online – und auch das öffentlich-rechtlich organisierte Radio verzeichneten deutliche Zuwächse. In unsicheren Zeiten wächst der Bedarf an zuverlässigen Informationen, die man offenbar am ehesten bei etablierten und vertrauenswürdigen Anbietern erwartete. Dieses Verhalten bleibt allerdings gekoppelt an die Voraussetzung, dass man den genannten Medien dieses Zutrauen auch entgegenbringt. Der Anteil derjenigen, für die das nicht zutrifft, wird von einschlägigen Umfragen auf etwa ein Fünftel beziffert. Sie sehen das Mediensystem mit den Mächtigen im Bunde, zweifeln an dessen Unabhängigkeit und Akkuratesse. Da aber das Corona-Virus auch diese Gruppe verunsichert, dürfte auch sogenannten alternativen Medien ein vergrößertes Einflusspotenzial zuzurechnen sein. Die Medienabhängigkeit der Journalismuskritikerinnen und -kritiker dürfte sogar deutlich stärker ausgeprägt sein. Denn diese Gruppe muss ja nicht nur die soziale Unsicherheit bewältigen, die mit der Verbreitung des Corona-Virus zusammenhängt. Sie sieht sich darüber hinaus fortgesetzt dem Problem gegenüber, dass ihre Deutungen der Situation in Widerspruch stehen zur dominanten öffentlichen Meinung, die sich in den traditionellen Medien ausbildet. Und genau das befördert Unsicherheit und erzeugt fortgesetzt Bedarf, sich der Richtigkeit seiner Minderheitenposition zu versichern." (Seite 267-268)
more
From “communicating” to “engagement”: Afro-Relationality as a Conceptual Framework for Climate Change Communication in Africa
Journal of Media Ethics, volume 36, issue 1 (2021), pp. 36-50
"This study interrogates the conventional understanding of and practice within mediated climate change communication (CCC) as a forum where transformative ideas on sustainability practices are shaped. Besides the dominance of non-African contexts and epistemologies in literature analyzing the media-
...
climate change and public nexus, there is little attention given to problematizing public engagement. Common assumption pitches “the public” on the one side and “the communicator” on the other side. This bifurcated model of “communicating” climate change has import for the forms of subjectivity in climate (in)action, including a weakened citizenship representation in climate discourse and the de-pluralization of ideas. This study argues that for people to be actually engaged in climate campaigns, it is important to draw attention to what understanding of “person” and “community” undergird current CCC practice. The work draws insights from African political theories and communication studies to position CCC toward inclusive public engagement." (Abstract)
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Evaluationsbericht 2021: Mit freien Informationen die Welt verändern
Bonn: Deutsche Welle (2021), 239 pp.
"Die vorliegende Evaluation gibt Aufschluss darüber, ob und wie die DW die Ziele aus der Aufgabenplanung 2018–2021 erreicht hat. Detailliert weist sie nach, welche Aktivitäten die DW als Unternehmen durchführte und welche Schwerpunkte sie in den inzwischen 32 Sprachangeboten setzte. Mithilfe um
...
fangreicher Nutzungszahlen und zahlreicher Studien zur Akzeptanz und Wirkung in der Zielgruppe zeigt sie sowohl Erfolge als auch Potentiale in den Zielmärkten auf. Damit ist die Evaluation zugleich eine Grundlage für die Aufgabenplanung 2022–2025. Die Ergebnisse der Evaluation sind äußerst erfreulich: Die DW ist relevanter und beliebter denn je. Und auch im Inland erfuhr sie im Zeitraum der zurückliegenden Aufgabenplanung hohen Rückhalt. Der Deutsche Bundestag und die Bundesregierung unterstützten die gewachsene Bedeutung des Auslandsrundfunks für die Vermittlung deutscher und europäischer Perspektiven in den Zielregionen mit einem deutlich gesteigerten Etat. Er erlaubte es der DW, zahlreiche Maßnahmen zur Weiterentwicklung ihrer Angebote umzusetzen und so zukunftsfähig zu bleiben. Mit neuen, innovativen Formaten ging sie differenziert auf die Bedürfnisse der Zielgruppe ein, selbst in schwierigen Marktbedingungen. Dabei gelang es der DW, ihr Angebot zu diversifizieren, vor allem vor dem Hintergrund der weltweit dynamischen Digitalisierung. Die Berichterstattung aus den Regionen stärkte sie durch neue Standorte und Kooperationen." (Vorwort, Seite 9)
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Manufacturing the Liberal Media Model Through Developmentality in Malawi
"When questioning the relationship between media, development, and democracy, especially in the ill-defined “Global South,” it’s important to go beyond the commonly held meta-narratives that frame these concepts as common sense. In a quest to investigate alternative characterizations of these
...
terms, this chapter uses Ghanaian political economist Lord Mawuko-Yevugah’s (2014) theoretical framework of “developmentality” to explain how development has been used as an ideological instrument to promote the Western liberal media model in the “Global South.” Using a case study of Malawi, which is heavily dependent on foreign aid from the same countries who have defined and promoted this liberal media model aboard, raises important questions about a media model that is characterized by high objectivity and political neutrality on one side, but subjects countries to high levels of competition and free market principles on the other. By outlining the temporal sequence of events that have unfolded since the arrival of missionary media in the 1800s, the presence of international donors and the rise in non-governmental organizations, this chapter reveals how certain ideologies and practices have been legitimized through development to preserve the unequal balance of power between the “Global South” and their former colonial powers." (Abstract)
more
The Routledge Encylopedia of Citizen Media
Deep Insights
London; New York: Routledge (2021), xxviii, 611 pp.
"Citizen Media is a fast-evolving terrain that cuts across a variety of disciplines. It explores the physical artefacts, digital content, performative interventions, practices and discursive expressions of affective sociality that ordinary citizens produce as they participate in public life to effec
...
t aesthetic or socio-political change. The seventy-five entries featured in this pioneering resource provide a rigorous overview of extant scholarship, deliver a robust critique of key research themes and anticipate new directions for research on a variety of topics. Cross-references and recommended reading suggestions are included at the end of each entry to allow scholars from different disciplinary backgrounds to identify relevant connections across diverse areas of citizen media scholarship and explore further avenues of research." (Publisher description)
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Vibrant Information Barometer: Europe & Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2021), 219 pp.
"The 2021 Europe & Eurasia Vibrant Information Barometer (VIBE) publication stands on the shoulders of IREX’s almost 20 years of the Media Sustainability Index (MSI), which was last published in 2019. Through VIBE, IREX aims to capture a modern era where many people around the world are simultaneo
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usly producers, transmitters, consumers, and actors of the information that shapes their environments and their lives. At the start of the VIBE project, IREX engaged with USAID in an extensive methodology development process, the result of which is this VIBE 2021 publication. A senior methodology consultant with an extensive background in monitoring and evaluation led the development process, which involved expertise from USAID in Washington and overseas, and peer reviews by U.S. and European media and information experts. Building on the MSI’s strengths, the VIBE methodology relies primarily on information from country experts who complete a VIBE questionnaire, provide scores for 20 indicators1 (which are averages of panelists’ scores on supporting sub-indicators), and evidence to justify their scores; they then contribute to a panel discussion led by a moderator. In light of the global pandemic of 2020 and 2021, almost all panel discussions were held online. In a new feature of VIBE, IREX introduced a strength of evidence (SoE) rating to each indicator, which is meant to increase transparency about the potential subjectivity of some indicators (and especially indicators measuring newer concepts or newer sources of information). For each expert-opinion indicator, moderators assigned a SoE rating—Weak, Somewhat Weak, Somewhat Strong, or Strong—based on the quality of evidence informing each indicator, the confidence of panelists in their scores, and the level of consensus across the panel." (Executive summary, page 8)
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The politics of impunity: A study of journalists’ experiential accounts of impunity in Bulgaria, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Mexico and Pakistan
Journalism, volume 22, issue 2 (2021), pp. 303-319
"Definitions of impunity regarding crimes against journalists have thus far been too narrow. Therefore, we propose a new approach to understanding impunity as also being grounded in journalists’ lived reality and perceptions to better understand the complexity and breadth of impunity. It is based
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on the findings obtained through a set of semi-structured interviews with 40 editors and senior journalists in five countries and expressed in a new typology of impunity. We argue that what we call the ‘Politics of Impunity’ is a policy of governance whereby impunity is used as a political tool by the state and state-sponsored actors to achieve journalistic self-censorship. This is done through the deliberate deprivation of private autonomy brought about by the enforced exile of journalists into a ‘space of exception’ where they are both within and beyond the law. The exercise of the ‘Politics of Impunity’ in an increasing number of states creates an environment that only allows for politically compliant journalism." (Abstract)
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Television in Africa in the Digital Age
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), xxi, 295 pp.
"This book places television in Africa in the digital context. It addresses the onslaught of multimedia platforms, digital migration and implication of this technology for society. The discussions in the chapters contained in this book encompass a wide range of issues such as digital disruption of t
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elevision news, internet television and video on demand platforms, adaptations, digital migration, business strategies and management approaches, PBS, consumption patterns, scheduling and programming, evangelical television, and many others." (Publisher description)
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"We want our content to reach people who are interested in what’s going on around them. To succeed, we have to think not only about what interests them, but also about how we can get them to pay attention to us. This manual will help you step into your users’ shoes when planning stories and cove
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rage. Step by step, we’ll show you how you can develop user-oriented ideas, plan stories, execute them, and make sure they’re found and read in the end." (Pages 4-5)
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Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict
London; New York: Routledge (2021), xix, 249 pp.
"This book examines the shape, sources and dangers of information warfare (IW) as it pertains to military, diplomatic and civilian stakeholders. Cyber warfare and information warfare are different beasts. Both concern information, but where the former does so exclusively in its digitized and operati
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onalized form, the latter does so in a much broader sense: with IW, information itself is the weapon. The present work aims to help scholars, analysts and policymakers understand IW within the context of cyber conflict. Specifically, the chapters in the volume address the shape of influence campaigns waged across digital infrastructure and in the psychology of democratic populations in recent years by belligerent state actors, from the Russian Federation to the Islamic Republic of Iran. In marshalling evidence on the shape and evolution of IW as a broad-scoped phenomenon aimed at societies writ large, the authors in this book present timely empirical investigations into the global landscape of influence operations, legal and strategic analyses of their role in international politics, and insightful examinations of the potential for democratic process to overcome pervasive foreign manipulation." (Publisher description)
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