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Climate Disinformation in Pakistan: Silencing Indigenous Peoples’ Voice

Humera Qasim Khan, Waqas Naeem

Islamabad: International Media Support (IMS); Institute for Research, Advocacy and Development (IRADA); Mediastan (2025), vii, 39 pp.

"The study identifies five distinct forms of climate disinformation in Pakistan: alarmist and sensationalised content, which exaggerates climate impact to provoke fear, confusion and emotional reactions rather than informed understanding; conspiracy-driven narratives that suggest hidden agendas or e ... xternal actors manipulating climate event, undermining trust in institutions and science; denial and delay narratives where scientific consensus is rejected or inaction is promoted by downplaying risks and questioning the urgency of climate response; oversimplified or false solutions that promote misleading or ineffective fixes to distract from evidence-based mitigation and adaptation strategies; religious fatalism, which frames climate change effects as predetermined or divinely inevitable, reducing perceived human responsibility and discouraging action.hich frames climate change effects as predetermined or divinely inevitable, reducing perceived human responsibility and discouraging action. The study also confirms findings from literature about structural weaknesses within Pakistan’s news media environment, which include a lack of consistent news coverage of climate issues, limited scientific literacy among journalists, editorial incentives favouring sensationalism over accuracy and the absence of systematic fact-checking protocols. These gaps, exacerbated by platform algorithms that reward virality over veracity, create a situation where climate-related disinformation may spread unchecked. The report shows that the climate disinformation impacts IPs in five ways: first, it affects community safety and Indigenous livelihoods by creating a false sense of security or conversely unnecessary panic among IP communities that may lead to damage, displacement and poor adaptation and mitigation practices; second, disinformation related to natural disasters generates fear, uncertainty, confusion and psychological distress among vulnerable IP communities, creating emotional trauma and diminishing their self-confidence in their ability to respond to climate risks; third, climate-related disinformation erodes trust of IPs in scientific forecasts, institutional information and the official responses of state authorities, as viral disinformation messages and rumours fill the information vacuum created by the absence of clear, timely and accessible climate communication; fourth, it discourages Indigenous ecological knowledge and diminishes the credibility of local adaptation methods by painting these methods as primitive, unscientific or outdated; fifth, climate disinformation intensifies the existing exclusion, marginalisation and invisibility of IPs in climate policy frameworks and climate governance mechanisms, silencing their voices and forcibly transforming them from custodians of community resilience to subjects of pity or blame within the policy and media discourses. The study underscores that climate disinformation is not an isolated digital problem but a systemic governance challenge. It undermines trust in science and institutions, weakens public engagement and delays adaptation efforts. This crisis of information integrity demands coordinated action across sectors. The report offers the following recommendations for key stakeholders to address climate disinformation and its impact on Indigenous peoples and communities in Pakistan. UN bodies should support the government in integrating climate information integrity in national climate and digital governance frameworks and ensure Pakistan’s compliance with relevant international conventions and declarations on the rights of Indigenous Peoples. The relevant ministries of the federal and provincial governments should embed information integrity into Pakistan’s climate governance frameworks, including the National Action Plan and Nationally Determined Contributions, to ensure coordinated and accountable action on climate misinformation. iNGOs should facilitate the creation of a National Climate Fact-Checking Alliance linking journalists, researchers, media organisations and civil society for real-time verification and rapid debunking of false climate narratives. CSOs should establish community-based verification networks, conduct grassroots awareness campaigns, promote digital safety and information verification capacity building for IPs and document and amplify local climate knowledge. Media should set up climate news beats within newsrooms, ensure the presence of trained journalists for environmental reporting, institutionalise fact-checking protocols, provide training for journalists on climate science and disaster reporting and adopt ethical editorial standards for coverage of climate emergencies. Technology companies should implement algorithmic accountability measures to curb the viral spread of climate disinformation, promote verified climate information through priority ranking and contextual labels, collaborate with fact-checkers to monitor regional-language climate content for falsehoods and support rapid-response climate information alerts for Pakistan during climate-induced extreme weather events. Indigenous communities should engage in peer-led digital literacy programmes that build capacity to recognise and counter climate disinformation and collaborate with independent media to document." (Executive summary, pages vi-vii) more

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Indigenous knowledge and information technology for sustainable development

Randsome Bawack, Sian Roderick, Abdalla Badhrus, Denis Dennehy, Jacqueline Corbett

Information Technology for Development (2025), 18 pp.

"Despite the proliferation of IT applications worldwide, Indigenous knowledge remains marginalized in the mainstream information technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS) discourse. This special section explores tensions and opportunities at the intersection of Indigenous knowledge and digital te ... more

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The psychology of collective climate action: Building climate courage

Karen Hamann, Eva Junge, Paula Blumenschein, Sophia Dasch, Alex Wernke, Julian Bleh

Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge (2025), xxv, 218 pp.

"How do we find the courage to act together against the climate crisis? This book weaves together real-life findings and examples from the social-ecological movement with psychological research to show how motivation for collective climate action can be built. The book addresses two key questions: h ... more

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Climate Politics in Populist Times: Climate Change Communication Strategies in Germany, Spain, and Austria

Mirjam Gruber

Oxford: Routledge (2025), xvii, 223 pp.

"This book navigates the neglected territory where far-right populism intersects with climate change, presenting a nuanced examination that transcends traditional research boundaries. In recent decades, Europe has grappled with the surge of far-right and populist movements, fueling robust academic d ... more

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Effective Climate Communication: Turning Eco-Anxiety into Eco-Action

Anastasia Denisova

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2025), xiii, 203 pp.

"This book explores the urgent challenges of communicating climate change in the media. While many books have been written about climate change, this book goes to the very heart of what makes humans care about stories enough to act. In a direct and sympathetic approach, Denisova tackles problems of ... more

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Media and Communication Systems for Sustainability in Nigeria

Nelson Okorie, Oluyinka Osunkunle, Kehinde Oyesomi (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2025), xxix, 541 pp.

"The aim of this book is to advance a research agenda on the potential role of media in promoting the UN Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria. It provides a theoretical and empirical framework for explicating the potential place of media structures and institutions in tackling issues affecting s ... more

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Climate Disinformation in Thailand: Negating Indigenous Peoples’ Identity

Bangkog: Asia Centre (2025), viii, 60 pp.

"This report examines how climate disinformation reinforces the systemic negation of Indigenous People's (IP) identity, undermining traditional practices, weakening advocacy for rights and obstructing inclusive climate and forest governance by making three key contributions. First, it identifies fou ... r distinct forms of climate disinformation in Thailand: one-sided reporting, where the media spotlights government and corporate initiatives while omitting their social and environmental harms, whether due to political pressure or economic incentives; greenwashing, where corporations exaggerate or misrepresent their sustainability practices to obscure their ongoing environmentally destructive activities; false climate solutions promoted as climate action which fails to address the root causes of climate change while leaving IP communities socially and economically disadvantaged; scapegoating of IPs where Indigenous communities are falsely portrayed as primary drivers of deforestation, legitimising displacement and marginalisation. Second, it demonstrates four ways in which climate disinformation harms IPs, each reinforcing the negation of their identities: exclusion from decision-making: by either barring their participation outright or dismissing their inputs in decision-making processes, IPs’ Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is removed thereby negating their identities as owners and stewards of their land; criminalisation: the strategic misuse of “climate change” laws to negate IP identity and erase the legitimacy of IPs’ traditions and practices in environmental stewardship; and the use of Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) intimidate advocates for challenging climate disinformation; forced evictions: conservation and development narratives justify deterritorialisation that severs spiritual, cultural and economic ties to ancestral lands which forms the core of IPs’ identities; intimidation and violence: harassment, threats and attacks undermining the capacity of IPs to resist projects and actions that harm them, their environment and their way of life. Third, to address climate disinformation and safeguard Indigenous Peoples’ (IPs) rights and identities in Thailand, this report outlines a list of multi-stakeholder recommendations: UN bodies should integrate climate disinformation into their human rights monitoring and climate action frameworks and provide guidance to Thailand on implementing its international obligations; the Thai government should embed safeguards against climate disinformation into national climate and environmental policies, strengthen legal protections for IPs, ensure meaningful participation of IP communities in decision-making and improve transparency and accountability in environmental governance; international NGOs (INGOs) should collaborate with IP organisations to map, document and respond to climate disinformation, provide sustained technical capacity-building and funding, and support advocacy and litigation to defend IP rights; civil society organisations (CSOs) should monitor disinformation targeting IPs, co-develop counter-narratives with IP communities and educational content to empower both IPs and the broader public and expand legal aid support; the media sector should prioritise constructive and investigative journalism on climate, environmental, and IP issues; expand coverage in Indigenous languages and culturally appropriate formats; collaborate with IP organisations on fact-checking and monitoring disinformation; and amplify Indigenous perspectives through both national and international outlets; technology companies should strengthen content moderation against climate disinformation, flag misleading project information and invest in digital literacy and connectivity initiatives for rural and Indigenous communities; indigenous communities and organisations should build monitoring networks to identify and counter disinformation, strengthen alliances with independent and Indigenous media, conduct and participate in capacity-building workshops and use digital tools to amplify their voices and safeguard knowledge." (Executive summary, pages vi-vii) more

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Changements climatiques et médias au Mali, enjeux et problématique

Bréma Ely Dicko

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2024), 7 pp.

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Cero emisiones netas en el sector móvil: América Latina. La acción por el clima en la región 2024

London: GSMA (2024), 26 pp.

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Climate disinformation: Consequences and solutions. Unpacking the effects of disinformation on climate change and environmental harms

Claire Dehosse, Tina Power, Tharin Pillay

Media Monitoring Africa (2024), 44 pp.

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ABC das COPs: Tudo sobre a Conferência do Clima da ONU e a relevância da COP30 na Amazônia

Brasilia: Rede Eclesial Pan-Amazônica - REPAM Brasil (2024), 52 pp.

"Esta cartilha é uma ponte. É um convite para que o conhecimento saia dos gabinetes e conferências e chegue aos territórios e comunidades indígenas e tradicionais da Amazônia. Aqui você encontrará explicações simples sobre os principais temas discutidos na COP30, apresentados de forma comp ... more

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Success or Failure? News Framing of the COP26 Glasgow Summit and its Effects on Citizens’ Beliefs About Climate Change

Adam Shehata Oleskog Tryggvason

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 29, issue 3 (2024), pp. 689-709

"The UN climate summits represent decisive moments for climate change policy. Under significant media coverage, world leaders gather for intense negotiations over policies to address global warming. Given the enormous political, economic, and environmental issues at stake, news media typically frame ... more

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The Journalism in Climate Change Websites: Their Distinct Forms of Specialism, Content, and Role Perceptions

James Painter, Jarkko Kangas, Risto Kunelius, Adrienne Russell

Journalism Practice, volume 18, issue 4 (2024), pp. 954-973

"Survey results from news consumers around the world suggest that specialist or niche websites covering climate change are now one of the most important sources of climate information. However, there is very little detailed scholarship about these sites. We carried out semi-structured interviews wit ... more

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Understanding climate change conspiracy beliefs: A comparative outlook

Daniel Stockemer, Jean-Nicolas Bordeleau

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 5, issue 6 (2024), 12 pp.

"Are climate change conspiracy theories widespread across the world, or do we find climate change conspiracy beliefs more so in some countries than in others? This research note explores the prevalence of conspiracy beliefs that identify climate change as a hoax across eight geographically and cultu ... more

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Vulnerable voices: Using topic modeling to analyze newspaper coverage of climate change in 26 non-Annex I countries (2010–2020)

Lucy Mc Allister, Vedula Siddharth Vedula, Wenxi Pu, Maxwell Boykoff

Environmental Research Letters, volume 19, issue 24046 (2024), 13 pp.

"News media influence how climate change is represented, understood, and discussed in the public sphere. To date, media and climate change research has primarily focused on Annex I countries, or treated non-Annex I countries as a homogenous bloc, despite the global nature of climate change and its g ... more

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Voces de la Amazonía: Diagnóstico Ambiental – Comunicacional de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, Brasileña y Colombiana

Asociación Latinoamericana de Educación Radiofónica (ALER); Coordinadora de Medios Comunitarios Populares y Educativos del Ecuador (CORAPE); Grupo Comunicarte; Rede de Notícias da Amazônia (RNA); World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) (2024), 47 pp.

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Metastudie "Nachhaltigkeitseffekte der Digitalisierung": Eine Auswertung aktueller Studien zur (quantitativen) Bemessung der Umwelteffekte durch die Digitalisierung

Jan Stede, Christian Lautermann et al.

Berlin: Technopolis; Institut für ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung (2024), ix, 96 pp.

"In dieser Studie werden auf Basis der Literaturanalyse eine Vielzahl an Anwendungsfällen mit besonders hohen Potenzialen für positive Umwelteffekte identifiziert. Insbesondere im Energiebereich gibt es eine Vielzahl von vergleichsweise gut erforschten Anwendungsfällen. Hierzu zählt beispielswei ... se der Einsatz von Smart Metering und preisdynamischen Tarifen. Auch Automatisierung und Monitoring im Gebäudebereich können den Energieverbrauch deutlich verringern. Durch Digitalisierung im Energiesektor kann außerdem das Abregeln erneuerbarer Energien vermieden werden. Im Bereich Verkehr können Technologien wie Internet of Things (IoT) und 5G z. B. die THG-Emissionen im Güterverkehr deutlich senken. Die positiven Umweltpotenziale der Digitalisierung sind jedoch nicht auf das Einsparen von CO2-Emissionen beschränkt. In der Landwirtschaft können z. B. durch den Einsatz von Precision Farming durch digital gestütztes Monitoring der Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln und Bewässerung reduziert werden. Trotz einer Vielzahl von Studien, die sich mit Umwelteffekten von Digitalisierung beschäftigen, ist der Wissensstand über das Ausmaß der Potenziale in vielen Bereichen jedoch immer noch lückenhaft. In den für diese Studie analysierten Veröffentlichungen wird eine Vielzahl von digitalen Technologien und Anwendungsfällen qualitativ bzw. anekdotisch als sehr relevant beschrieben, es fehlen jedoch in der Regel Quantifizierungen. Obwohl z. B. für den Bereich KI viele Veröffentlichungen identifiziert wurden, enthielten nur wenige quantifizierte Analysen, auch Bilanzierungen fehlten zum Teil. Diese Studien wurden daher nur begrenzt in die Metastudie miteinbezogen, deuten aber auf ein potenziell disruptives Potenzial von KI in manchen Anwendungsbereichen hin (z. B. im Bereich Klimaanpassung kann KI durch die Verbesserung von Prognosen die Reaktionsfähigkeit auf Umweltereignisse erhöhen). Mit der Digitalisierung gehen neben Umweltchancen auch negative Umwelteffekte einher. Zu den negativen Effekten der Digitalisierung gehören direkte Effekte, die durch den Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauch der Produktion und den Betrieb digitaler Infrastruktur entstehen. Ein weiteres prominentes Beispiel sind negative systemische Effekte wie Rebound-Effekte. Daher führt Digitalisierung nicht zwangsläufig zu einer Verringerung des Ressourcenverbrauchs. Positive Umwelteffekte der Digitalisierung gehen oft auf positive Enabling-Effekte wie Optimierungs- und Substitutionseffekte zurück, oder ergeben sich durch den Wandel zu nachhaltigen Verhaltens- und Konsummustern. Im Fokus der Literatur stehen meist positive Enabling-Effekte. Die vorhandenen Quantifizierungen konzentrieren sich meist auf die Potenziale digitaler Technologien (die positiven Enabling-Effekte). Nur in wenigen Studien werden vor- und nachgelagerte Umwelteffekte der Produktion der digitalen Technologien sowie weitere systemische Effekte wie Rebound-Effekte in die Umweltbewertung mit einbezogen. Eine übergeordnete Bewertung der Gesamtbilanz digitaler Technologien im Rahmen wissenschaftlicher Analysen wird somit erschwert. Bei vielen Studien handelt es sich zudem um Fallstudien, die Umwelteffekte unter sehr spezifischen Rahmenbedingungen ermitteln. Es ist daher häufig nicht klar, inwieweit sich diese Potenziale skalieren bzw. auf andere Kontexte übertragen lassen. Schließlich werden Umweltauswirkungen häufig auf CO2-Äq. verkürzt und auf eine breitere Betrachtung von Umwelteffekten im Sinne von Ressourcenverbrauch wird oft verzichtet." (Zusammenfassung, Seite 7-8) more

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Ecogames: Playful Perspectives on the Climate Crisis
Deep Insights

Laura op de Beke, Joost Raessens, Stefan Werning, Gerald Farca (eds.)

Oxford: Amsterdam University Press (2024), 612 pp.

"With the climate crisis and its repercussions becoming more and more tangible, games are increasingly participating in the production, circulation, and interrogation of environmental assumptions, using both explicit and implicit ways of framing the crisis. Whether they are providing new spaces to i ... more

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Klimawandel in den Medien: Zwischen konstruktiver Debatte und Polarisierung

Michael Brüggemann, Louisa Pröschel

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), 5. März (2024)

"Der Klimawandel ist eine besondere Herausforderung für den Journalismus. Welche Hindernisse gibt es in der Klimakommunikation? Und wie können diese überwunden werden?" (Einführung)

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The Routledge Handbook of Ecomedia Studies

Antonio Lopez, Adrian J. Ivakhiv, Stephen Rust, Miriam Tola, Alenda Y. Chang, Kiu-wai Chu (eds.)

New York; London: Routledge (2024), xxiii, 371 pp.

"The Routledge Handbook of Ecomedia Studies gathers leading work by critical scholars in this burgeoning field. Redressing the lack of environmental perspectives in the study of media, ecomedia studies asserts that media are in and about the environment, and environments are socially and materially ... more

Ecogames: Playful Perspectives on the Climate Crisis Deep Insights

Ecogames: Playful Perspectives on the Climate Crisis
Deep Insights