Toolbox Management & Financing

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Alternative Models for Independent Media Funding: Who Will Pay for Journalism?

Milan F. Zivkovic

Media Integrity Matters; South East European Media Observatory (2016), 23 pp.

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Publishing for Peanuts: Innovation and the Journalism Start-Up

J. J. Robinson, Kristen Grennan, Anya Schiffrin

School of International and Political Affairs Columbia University; Open Society Foundation (2015), 200 pp.

"Our remit was to look for innovative media outlets that are producing high-quality news, that are technologically innovative and that might actually survive financially. Accordingly, we spent three months interviewing media innovators around the world and reading what others have written on the sub ... ject. This report is divided into seven sections: 1) this introduction, 2) our main findings, 3) two sets of recommendations, one for the media development community and another set for people starting a media outlet, 4) an “Innovation Index” listing practices that we found around the world, 5) a description of our methodology, 6) a review of practitioner reports we read, 7) write-ups describing 35 media outlets, based on interviews we conducted [...] We were inspired and encouraged by what we saw. All over the world, independent media outlets are innovating and overcoming obstacles. Globally, start-ups are demonstrating the drive to take risks for the sake of a good idea. The challenges facing these outlets—and the innovations employed to tackle them—broadly fall into four categories: editorial, business, distribution and security. Operating with agility, media start-ups are finding creative ways to gather and disseminate information. In India, Gram Vaani uses a mobile phone social network to connect the rural poor and circumvent legislative prohibitions on radio broadcasting. In Zimbabwe, The Source survives in the repressive media climate by focusing on business journalism. Oxpeckers in South Africa uses geomapping to report on rhino poaching. Crikey in Australia has built a successful business model based on soliciting tips and scandal from the same audience it reports on and Kenya’s African SkyCAM deploys drones to avoid negotiating with police for access to disaster zones [...] Instead of finding a clear model for what works, we found confirmation of many things we knew or suspected. Independent media outlets vary in size, ambition and model. Few have fully succeeded, while many do one thing well, which typically reflects the founder’s particular strength—usually in journalism or technology [...] Most media outlets we found are small, run by a few full-time staff supplemented by volunteers and freelancers, and supported by a combination of grants, donations and haphazard business endeavors. The leaders at most organizations we interviewed were motivated by a desire to produce high-quality journalism rather than meet particular financial or audience goals." (Executive summary, page 5-7) more

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Financing Quality Journalism: Research Into Existing and New Models to Finance Quality Journalism and Possible Strategies for Moving Forward

Pieter Oostlander, Teun Gauter, Sam Van Dyck

Shaerpa (2015), 11 pp.

"Based on 25 in-person and skype meetings and extensive desk research, we identified a significant trend in the journalistic ecosystem in which information is created, delivered and monetized: the trend toward distributed production and delivery and subsequent absence of monetizing capacity and infr ... more

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CFI’s Programmes: Media & Enterprise

Paris: CFI (2015), 8 pp.

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Confronting Austerity: Financial and Employment Models in Journalism

Andreas K. Bittner

Brussels: European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) (2014), 34 pp.

"The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) and its national member organisations must be the driving force for the future of journalism. Whether this notion is realistic or not, it has been analysed by Dr. Andreas K. Bittner, an online journalist from Germany, who provides a sharp and forward-loo ... more

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La responsabilidad social en las empresas de comunicación: Casos ATV, Radio Capital y diario Perú.21

Julianna Ramírez, Mario Villacorta

Lima: Fondo Editorial Universidad de Lima (2014), 186 pp.

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Financial Proficiency for Media Executives 1. AMI/AfDB Regional Financial Proficiency Workshop for Media Executives Simba Lodge, Naivasha, Kenya 7th – 8th June

African Media Initiative (AMI); African Development Bank (2013), 36 pp.

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Gender Pay Gap in Journalism: Wage Indicator Global Report 2012

Amsterdam; Brussels; Bratislava: Wage Indicator Foundation; International Federation of Journalists (IFJ); Central European Labour Studies Institute (CELSI) (2012), 18 pp.

"The main purpose of the first Wage Indicator Global Wage Report – Gender Pay Gap in Journalism is to compare international and gender wage differentials for the journalist workforce. In addition to wages comparison, other important areas of journalists’ employment are studied, namely: (a) emplo ... more

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Communicating Financial Management with Non-Finance People

John Cammack

Rugby: Practical Action Publishing (2012), xiii, 138 pp.

"Strong financial management skills are essential to promote high standards in international development organizations. Many non-finance people find numbers and financial techniques difficult, however, NGO managers and staff are responsible for sound financial management and without full understandi ... more

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Chasing Sustainability on the Net: International Research on 69 Journalistic Pure Players and Their Business Models
Inspiring Practice

Esa Sirkkunen, Clare Cook, Risto Kunelius (eds.)

Tampere: Media and Communication Tampere Research Centre for Journalism (2012), 125 pp.

"The SuBMoJour study has mapped journalistic startups in nine countries. It has created an online database detailing the business models of journalistic startups that are deemed sustainable (www.SuBMoJour.net) and this accompanying narrative report. The study supports research to date that online en ... more

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The Story So Far: What We Know About the Business of Digital Journalism

Bill Grueskin, Ava Seave, Lucas Graves

New York: Tow Center for Digital Journalism Columbia Journalism School (2011), 146 pp.

"While this report will examine some traditional, or “legacy,” business models for media, our focus is on the economic issues that news organizations—large and small, old and new—face with their digital ventures. This report focuses on news organizations that do original journalism, defined ... more

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Addressing the Capitalization Gap for Independent News Media: Mobilizing Funding for Independent News Media

Saskia Veendorp

Paris: World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA); Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) (2011), 51 pp.

"The capitalization gap for independent news media businesses in impact arguments to extend support to independent news media businesses. There are also convincing arguments that providing finance capital has a significant impact on independent media sustainability, as proven by recent successful pu ... more

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'Hitting the Glass Ceiling': Gender and Media Management in Sub-Saharan Africa

Maria Zuiderveld

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 3, issue 3 (2011), pp. 401-415

"The aim of this study is to discuss the importance of gender in editorial leadership in African countries. Women in leading positions in the media industry work in a traditionally male-dominated area. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out with five women on their work in media manag ... more

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The Field of Nonprofit Funding of Journalism in the United States

Lewis A. Friedland, Magda Konieczna

Dortmund; Berlin: Institut für Journalistik Technische Universität Dormund; Forum for Active Philanthropy (2011), 36 pp.

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International Standard ISAS BCP 9001, Version 2, June 15th, 2010. Quality Management Systems: Requirements for Media Organisations;Norme Internationale ISAS BCP 9001. Systemes de management de la qualité: Exigences pour les médias

New York; Geneva: International Standardization and Accreditation Services (ISAS); Media & Society Foundation (2010), 40 pp.

"The adoption of a quality-management system by a media organization (radio, TV, newspaper, magazine, online or other) is strictly voluntary. It should be a strategic decision taken by senior management with the support of staff. The aim of such a system is to make sure that a media organization is ... more

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Guidelines for ISAS BC 9001 International Standard. Quality Management Systems: Requirements for the Media Broadcasting Companies, Internet Content Producer, and the Press

New York; Geneva: International Standardization and Accreditation Services (ISAS); Media & Society Foundation (2010), 28 pp.

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Innovating Development Finance for Independent Media

David Weiss

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) (2010), 6 pp.

This study is based on the experience of the public-private development partnership for independent media, a joint initiative between the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the Media Development Loan Fund, responsAbility Social Investments AG and Bank Vontobel.