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219
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92
Quick Overview
1
Top Insights
13
Topics
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
26
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
17
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
13
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
11
Media Law & Regulation
11
Islam and Communication
11
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
10
Blogging, Blogs
8
Twitter & Microblogs
8
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
8
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
7
Journalism Education & Training
7
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
7
Media & Communication Policies
7
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
6
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
6
War Reporting
6
Internet
6
Political Blogging
6
Social Media
6
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
6
Press Landscapes
6
Politics and Media
6
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
5
Audiences & Users
5
Mobile Phone Use
5
Freedom of Expression
5
Social Media in Political Communication
5
ICT Regulation
5
Humour, Parody, Satire
5
Female Journalists & Media Workers
5
Feminism & Communication
5
International Communication
5
Satellite Television
5
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
5
Telecommunication Infrastructure
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
4
Cinema
4
Media / Communication Control
4
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
4
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
4
Social Change & Media / Communication
4
Digital Media Landscapes
4
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
4
Facebook
4
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
4
ICT Industries & Markets
4
Gaming, Video Games
4
Political Parody and Satire
4
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
4
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
4
Exiled Journalists
4
Radio
4
Muslim Media
4
Television
4
Advertising
3
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
3
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
3
Media Use: Youth
3
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
3
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
3
Films
3
National Cinemas, National Film Production
3
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
3
Censorship
3
Alternative Communication & Media
3
Traditional Communication
3
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
3
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
3
Popular Cultures
3
Religious Digital & Social Media Practices
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
Political Websites & Online Communities
3
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
3
Diaspora Media
3
LGBT & Communication / Media
3
Romani People
3
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
3
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
3
Gender & Religious Communication
3
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
3
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
3
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
3
Transnational Television, International Television
3
Associations & Networks of Journalists
3
Journalistic Quality
3
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
News Agencies
3
Media, Mass Media
3
Television Landscapes
3
Media Management
3
Popular Music
3
Political Transition and Media
3
Newspapers
3
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
3
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
3
Social Change
3
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
2
Advocacy & Political Films
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
2
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
2
Cinema in Authoritarian Regimes
2
Book Markets & Industries
2
Book Trade & Distribution
2
Children's Books & Literature
2
Church History
2
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
2
Political Cartoons & Comics
2
Puppetry
2
Coptic Orthodox Church
2
Evangelical Churches
2
Hollywood
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
2
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Government Propaganda
2
Graffiti, Wall Paintings, Street Art
2
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
2
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Collective Identities & Media
2
Poetry
2
Digital Research Methods
2
Digital Political Communication
2
Digital Media Markets
2
Instagram
2
YouTube
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
Gender and ICTs / Internet
2
ICTs and Development
2
ICT Indicators
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
2
Religious Minorities & Media
2
Media Industries
2
Educational Television
2
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
2
Women (General)
2
History of Communication: Islam
2
Arab World / Middle East: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
2
Foreign Correspondents
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Foreign Television Programmes
2
Globalisation of Media
2
World Information and Communication Order
2
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
2
USA: International Broadcasting & Public Diplomacy
2
Journalism
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Election Reporting
2
Media Assistance
2
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
2
Radio Landscapes
2
Media Outlets, Media Associations
2
Diasporas
2
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
2
Photography
2
Politics
2
Political Resistance
2
Democracy / Democratization and Media
2
Election Campaigns: Social Media
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Political Communication
2
Press
2
Manipulation
2
Buddhism and Communication
2
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
2
Hinduism and Communication
2
Islam
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Muslim Cinema & Film Representation of Islam
2
Judaism and Communication
2
Religion and Politics
2
Society & Media, Media Sociology
2
Telecommunications
2
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
2
Non-Western Communication Approaches
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Media & Information: Disadvantaged Groups and Minorities
1
Access to Media & Information: Indigenous Populations
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Indigenous People
1
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
1
Mobile Phone Advocacy & Campaigns
1
Area & Regional Studies
1
Geography
1
Audience Segmentation, User Typologies, Personas
1
Elderly People: Internet & Social Media Use
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Authoritarian Discourse
1
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Book Publishing
1
Christian Book Publishing
1
Gender and Book Publishing
1
History of Book Publishing
1
Muslim Book Publishing
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Youth Literature & Books
1
Campaigning: Experiences
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Church: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Télé Lumière (Catholic Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
Mary, Mariology
1
Child Drawings
1
Children & Religion
1
Religious Contents & Meanings in Cartoons & Comics
1
Christian Television
1
Sat-7 (Television Channel)
1
Christian Minorities
1
Orthodox Churches and Communication
1
Persecution of / Violence Against Christians
1
Sects
1
Arab Cinema, Middle Eastern Cinema
1
Asian Cinema
1
Film Censorship
1
Film & Gender
1
Film and Religion, Religion in Motion Pictures
1
Bible Films, Movie Christs & Antichrists
1
Religious Films
1
Film Festivals
1
Film Genres
1
Black & White Films
1
Comedies
1
Crime Films
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Ethnic Films, Minority Films
1
Science Fiction Films
1
Silent Films
1
War & Political Violence in Cinema
1
Film Industries
1
Foreign / Developing Countries: Film Representation
1
History of Film & Cinema
1
Communication Rights
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Copyright Law
1
Plagiarism
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Communication Strategies
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Press Releases & Press Conferences
1
Community Participation in Community Media
1
Community Radios
1
Community Television
1
Participatory Communication
1
Storytelling
1
Armed Conflicts
1
Genocides
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Enemy Images
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Extremist Recruitment through Media
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Jamming
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Allegories
1
Architecture
1
Performing Arts
1
Theatre
1
Religious Art
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Heritage
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Resistance
1
Cultural Studies
1
Religious Literature & Religious Motifs in Literature
1
Manuscripts, Scripture, Calligraphy
1
National Character
1
Religion and Culture
1
Islamic Culture
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
ICT / Internet Projects (Development Aid)
1
Development Theories
1
Western Approaches
1
Development and Media
1
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Inclusion
1
Cyberfaith / Virtual Spirituality
1
Religious Apps
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
1
Internet and Development
1
Internet Markets
1
Online Services
1
Netflix
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Telegram
1
TikTok
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Digitalization, Environment & Sustainable Development
1
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
1
Online Learning, E-Learning
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
Mobile Phone Markets
1
ICT Policies
1
Albinism
1
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
Ethnic / Minority Television Programmes
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism in Communication & Media
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Gendered Disinformation
1
Archives
1
Audio Archives, Visual Archives, Media Archives
1
Digital & Online Archives
1
Economics of Media
1
Media Markets
1
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
1
Media Ownership
1
Economic Conditions
1
Religion and Economics
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Educational Radio Programmes
1
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Docudrama
1
Television Serials
1
Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Bias in News Media
1
Press Councils
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Gender Relations
1
Colonial Legacies
1
Colonial Period
1
History (General)
1
History of Communication: Religion
1
History of Photography
1
Slavery, Slaves
1
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Image Abroad
1
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
1
Transnational Communication
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
Transnational Television Co-Productions, International Television Co-Productions
1
Foreign Policies
1
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalists
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Religious Journalism, Religion News
1
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
1
Science Journalism
1
Arabic Language
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Linguistic Diversity: Internet & Digital Media
1
Minority Languages
1
Media Assistance: Interaction with Foreign Policies
1
Communication Systems
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
1
Human Rights
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
1
Sharia, Fatwas
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Emruz (Website, Iran)
1
Radio Farda (Voice of America, Iran)
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Elections
1
Islamization
1
Political Change
1
Political Extremism
1
Failed States
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Propaganda
1
Public Opinion
1
Public Spheres
1
Magazines
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio Stations
1
Media Effects
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Media Reception
1
Personality
1
Baha'i
1
God
1
Interreligious Dialogue
1
Judaism
1
Religion and Society
1
Religion and State
1
Religious History
1
Religious Movements
1
Religious Practice
1
Secularization & Atheism
1
Communication & Media Research Centres
1
Research Methods
1
Network Analysis
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Systems Analysis
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Empirical Studies
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
1
Civil Society
1
Nomades
1
Industrial Society
1
Mass Society
1
Revolutions
1
Traditional Society
1
Digital Television
1
Informatics
1
Printing, Print Production, Print Technologies
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Software Security
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
Television Channels
1
Al-Jazeera
1
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
1
HispanTV (Iranian International Broadcaster)
1
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Urban Issues: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Visual Communication
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Visual Cultures
1
Visual Representations
1
Youth, Adolescents
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Image Politics in the Middle East: The Role of the Visual in Political Struggle
London; New York: Tauris (2013), xii, 248 pp.
"Politics in the Middle East is now ‘seen’ and the image is playing a central part in processes of political struggle. This is the first book in the literature to engage directly with these changing ways of communicating politics in the region - and particularly with the politics of the image, i
...
The Digital Divide: The Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective
London: Routledge (2013), 324 pp.
"This book provides an in-depth comparative analysis of inequality and the stratification of the digital sphere. Grounded in classical sociological theories of inequality, as well as empirical evidence, this book defines “the digital divide” as the unequal access and utility of internet communic
...
Political Activism 2.0: Comparing the Role of Social Media in Egypt’s “Facebook Revolution” and Iran’s “Twitter Uprising”
CyberOrient, volume 6, issue 1 (2012), pp. 8-33
"Social media, particularly blogging, Facebook and Twitter, have played a key role in instigating, accelerating and even organizing some of the uprisings and revolutions that have been taking place all over the Middle East. This role has been effective in galvanizing the youth and empowering them in
...
Blogistan: Politik und Internet im Iran
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb); (2012), 285 pp.
"Die Protestwelle nach der umstrittenen Präsidentschaftswahl im Iran vom Juni 2009 lenkte die Aufmerksamkeit der Weltöffentlichkeit auf die lebendige Internetkultur der Islamischen Republik. Das Internet, heißt es, befördert den gesellschaftlichen Wandel in Ländern wie dem Iran, doch inwiefern
...
Using Social Media to Gauge Iranian Public Opinion and Mood After the 2009 Election
Santa Monica, Calif. et al.: RAND Corporation (2012), xxi, 86 pp.
"This report presents an analysis of Iranian public opinion and mood as expressed over Twitter in the nine months following the election. The research represents an initial case study of a novel methodology developed to analyze politically oriented social media content. In addition to policy-relevan
...
Netzwerk-Journalismus: Zur veränderten Vermittlerrolle von Journalisten am Beispiel einer Case Study zu Twitter und den Unruhen in Iran
Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, volume 60, issue 1 (2012), pp. 102-124
"Partizipative Internettechnologien sorgen für ein verändertes Aufgabenprofil und Rollenbild von Journalisten. Besonders in Krisensituationen oder bei politischen Konflikten können Informationen, die über die sozialen Plattformen des Webs verbreitet werden, wichtige Quellen journalistischer Arbe
...
Internet Enemies Report 2012
Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2012), 72 pp.
BBG Research Series Briefing: Iran Media Use 2012
Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG); Gallup (2012), 30 slides
"State media will continue to play a critical role in Iran. The audience for external media platforms is large and will remain so absent any significant reforms in domestic media. Attitudes towards specific media outlets are rarely uni-dimensional, and few enjoy unqualified trust. Satellite TV remai
...
State-Sanctioned Incitement to Genocide: The Responsibility to Prevent
In: The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses
Michael Herz, Peter Molnar (eds.)
Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press (2012), pp. 430-455
Finding a Way: How Iranians Reach for News and Information. The Iran Media Program’s 2011-2012 Report on Media Consumption in Iran
Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Annenberg School for Communication (2012), 46 pp.
"We find that among both the general population and the technologically savvy youth, television – and especially the state-controlled broadcaster – was among the most often used news sources (with the Internet being the most important news outlet for the youth). This finding is surprising given
...
Discovering the Zoroastrian E-Diaspora
Paris: Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (2012), 17 pp.
"Zoroastrians are an ancient ethnic-religious community that goes back to the prophet Zarathustra. Today they number some 120,000 people, based in India/Pakistan and Iran; diaspora communities are settled in North America, the United Kingdom, Australia. On the Indian sub-continent, where Zoroastrian
...
Safety on the Line: Exposing the Myth of Mobile Communication Security
Washington, DC: Freedom House; Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) (2012), 175 pp.
"This report evaluates the risks and vulnerabilities of mobile phone services and apps in 12 specified countries: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Belarus, the People’s Republic of China, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Libya, the Sultanate of Oman, the Kingdom
...
Satellite Jamming in Iran: A War Over Airwaves
Small Media (2012), 71 pp.
"This report has established that the jamming of Persian-language satellite TV channels is endemic in Iran, and is having adverse effects on both broadcasters and viewers alike. In Iran, satellite television is one of the few sources of news, entertainment, and commentary not controlled by the count
...
The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World
Geneva: World Economic Forum; INSEAD (2012), 413 pp.
"The Report is composed of four thematic parts. Part 1 describes the conceptual framework and relates the findings of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) 2012. In addition, Part 1 features selected expert contributions on the general theme of hyperconnectivity. Part 2 includes two case studies showi
...
Multiple Modernities and Mass Communications in Muslim Countries
Global Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 3 (2012), pp. 243-268
"This article critically explores the shortcomings of the West-centric theory of singular modernity. By focusing on the modern transformation of mass communication in Muslim countries, it argues that both traditional means of mass communication, such as manbars, and modern media, such as newspapers
...
National Web Studies: Mapping Iran Online
Philadelphia: Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) Annenberg School for Communication (2012), 25 pp.
"Instead of defining a priori the types of websites to be included in a national web, the approach put forward here makes use of web devices (platforms and engines) that purport to provide (ranked) lists of URLs relevant to a particular country. Once gathered in such a manner, the websites are studi
...
Iranian Religious Film and Inter-Religious Understanding
Exchange: Journal of Missiological and Ecumenical Research, volume 41, issue 2 (2012), pp. 165-198
"The article deals with two recent Iranian films, al-Masih (Teh Messiah) by Nader Talebzadeh and Maryam al-Muqaddasah (Holy Mary) by Shahriar Bahrani. Both movies are about religious characters shared by Islam and Christianity: Zechariah, Mary and Jesus. The article explores the way the filmmakers h
...
Freedom on the Net 2012: A Global Assessment of Internet and Digital Media
Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2012), 657 pp.
"This report is the third in a series of comprehensive studies of internet freedom around the globe and covers developments in 47 countries that occurred between January 2011 and May 2012. Over 50 researchers, nearly all based in the countries they analyzed, contributed to the project by researching
...
The Practice of Public Diplomacy: Confronting Challenges Abroad
New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2011), xviii, 262 pp.
"Relying heavily on scores of first-hand accounts collected through interviews, the studies examine the practice of public diplomacy largely from the perspective of American practitioners in different countries. The analyses follow the standard field officer approach, asking systematically: what iss
...
Leaping Over the Firewall: A Review of Censorship Circumvention Tools
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2011), 75 pp.
"Internet censorship poses a large and growing challenge to online freedom of expression around the world. Censorship circumvention tools are critical to bypass restrictions on the internet and thereby to protect free expression online. Circumvention tools are primarily designed to bypass internet f
...
