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The State of Digital Security Among Independent Media Organizations in Lebanon

Ali Sibai

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 31 pp.

"This research was conducted to assess the digital security posture among independent media organizations in Lebanon. It is significant for media organizations in Lebanon to maintain a good standard of digital security, especially in an era when press freedom is increasingly under attack." (Introduc ... more

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Journalists' Socio-Economic Rights in Lebanon

Widad Jarbouh, Karim Safieddine

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 20 pp.

"The SKF has launched the first edition of its semi-annual study, tackling the issue of journalists' and media workers' socio-economic rights in Lebanon. In its first section, the report sheds light on the responsiveness of journalists and their interaction with the survey, and the idea behind this ... more

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Social Media Behavior During Uprisings: Selective Sharing and Avoidance in the China (Hong Kong), Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon Protests

Claudia Kozman, Clement Y. K. So, Sahar Khalifa Salim, Mostafa Movahedian, Jana El Amin, Jad Melki

Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 4 (2022), pp. 723-748

"This study examines the use of social media by individuals during protests in China (Hong Kong), Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon. Method: Surveys in the four countries assess the relationship between people's attitudes toward the protests and their selection bias on social media, manifested through selecti ... more

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How Lebanese Elites Coopt Protest Discourse: A Social Media Analysis

Alexandra Siegel

Beirut: Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS) (2022), 17 pp.

"This report leverages social media data to provide real-time measures of how diverse elites have strategically co-opted protest narratives during Lebanon's 2019 October revolution. Social media data provides temporally granular measures of elites' political communication strategies, as well as thei ... more

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Counter-Hegemonic Collaborations or Alliances of the Underdogs? The Case of TeleSUR with Al-Mayadeen, RT and CGTN

Pablo Sebastian Morales

Global Media and Communication, volume 18, issue 3 (2022), pp. 365-382

"This study explores how news channels from the Global South challenge western narratives by co-producing TV programmes. It focuses on Telesur (Venezuela) and its collaborations with RT (Russia), Al-Mayadeen (Lebanon) and CCTV/CGTN (China). By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, this pap ... more

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Digital Livelihoods Undone: Digital Skills Training and the Systematic Exclusion of Refugees in Lebanon

Rabih Shibli, Sarah Kouzi

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 4, issue 3 (2022), pp. 42-47

"A decade into the Syrian war, Lebanon remains the country hosting the largest number of refugees per capita worldwide, limiting their work to three sectors of the economy. Most of the employed refugees have therefore been active in the informal market under indecent and insecure working conditions. ... more

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The Digital Worlds of Displacement-Affected Communities: A Cross-Context Study of How People Affected by Displacement Use Mobile Phones
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GSMA; UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) (2022), 76 pp.

"Through in-depth qualitative research and a survey to confirm and quantify findings, this study aims to provide a more holistic understanding of how displacement-affected communities in three humanitarian settings are using their mobile phones. These settings were chosen to provide a variety of per ... more

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Digital Maps

British Council (2022), 136 pp.

"Developed and delivered in 2021/2022, the Digital Media Arts for an inclusive Public Sphere (Digital MAPS) programme brought together three universities, a data science and software company, an international Digital Peacebuilding NGO, as well as 18 country-based media-arts initiatives, to explore l ... more

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Living in Refuge: Ritualization and Religiosity in a Christian and a Muslim Palestinian Refugee Camp in Lebanon

Leonardo Schiocchet

Bielefeld: transcript (2022), 264 pp.

"This comparative ethnography of a Muslim and a Christian Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon focuses on contrasting social belonging processes through a ritualization approach. Leonardo Schiocchet argues that contrasts emerge out of the intersectionality of religiosity, nationhood, refugeeness and ... more

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Viabilidade da mídia: Consultas nacionais sobre soluções para promoção e preservação de sua independência. Brasil, El Salvador, Indonésia, Jamaica, Líbano, Namíbia, Nigéria, Paquistão, Senegal e Tunísia

Brasilia: UNESCO; Free Press Unlimited (2022), 32 pp.

"Este relatório fornece transcrições resumidas de consultas nacionais sobre a viabilidade da mídia com as partes interessadas no setor dos meios de comunicação. As consultas nacionais são baseadas nas trocas de conhecimento e pesquisas proporcionadas pela UNESCO e pela The Economist Intellige ... more

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Lebanon's 2022 Parliamentary Election: A Look into Political Parties' Online Behaviour Vis-à-vis Alternative Candidates

Ralph Baydoun, Yara Al Chehayed

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 132 pp.

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National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia
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Amsterdam: Free Press Unlimited (2021), 33 pp.

"The intersection between media and politics remains very strong in several countries under study. In these conditions, there is often little transparency on media ownership and a lack of transparency on local funding sources of media. Relatedly, in some cases, a change in government policies was ra ... more

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The Handbook of Media Education Research

Divina Frau-Meigs, Sirkku Kotilainen, Manisha Pathak-Shelat, Michael Hoechsmann, Stuart R. Poyntz (eds.)

Newark: Wiley (2021), 529 pp.

"Featuring contributions from a diverse range of internationally-recognized experts and practitioners, this timely volume discusses recent developments in the field in the context of related scholarship, public policy, formal and non-formal teaching and learning, and DIY and community practice. Offe ... more

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Media and Information Landscape in Lebanon

Internews; Maharat Foundation (2021), 59 pp.

"Through a combination of qualitative in-depth interviews with alternative media outlets, quantitative audience surveys involving over 1500 respondents, and focus-group discussions with women and youth civil society actors, this media and information landscape (MILA) evaluates the level of trust tow ... more

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Regional E-Waste Monitor for the Arab States

Giulia Iattoni, Elise Vermeersch, Cornelis Peter Baldé, Innocent Chidi Nnorom, Ruediger Kuehr

Bonn: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR); ITU; United Nations University (UNU) (2021), 103 pp.

"The key statistical findings for the region are that electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) placed on the market (POM) increased by 30 per cent from 3.2 megatons (Mt), or 8.8 kilograms per inhabitant (kg/inh), in 2010 to 4.1 Mt (or 9.5 kg/inh) in 2019. The Arab States mostly import, rather than ... more

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Routledge Handbook on Arab Media
Top Insights

Noureddine Miladi, Noha Mellor (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), 528 pp.

"This Handbook provides the first comprehensive reference book in English about the development of mass and social media in all Arab countries. Capturing the historical as well as current developments in the media scene, this collection maps the role of media in social and political movements. Contr ... more

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Peeling the Onion: A Multi-Layered Infodemic and its Impact on Trust for Syrians in Lebanon

Internews (2021), 68 pp.

"Internews focuses primarily on the information ecosystem for Syrian refugees residing in Lebanon to acknowledge and unpack the unique experiences for Syrians at a time when information is heavily impacted by Lebanon’s various compounding crises. The ecosystem for Syrians is assessed here as an ec ... more

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Media Viability in Lebanon: Applying DW Akademie’s Media Viability Indicators (MVIs)

Ann Hollifield

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), 46 pp.

"The biggest detriments to news media viability in Lebanon include: The political partisanship of the media; A lack of sustainable business models for the media; An oversaturated and hypercompetitive media market resulting in lowered quality of content; Too little competition in the advertisement ma ... more

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Arab Media Systems
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Carola Richter, Claudia Kozman (eds.)

Cambridge: Open Book Publishers (2021), xliv, 345 pp.

"This volume provides a comparative analysis of media systems in the Arab world, based on criteria informed by the historical, political, social, and economic factors influencing a country's media. Reaching beyond classical western media system typologies, Arab Media Systems brings together contribu ... more

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Independent Media in Lebanon: An Economic Outlook

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2021), 10 pp.

"Alternative media platforms in Lebanon vary in size and expenditures. Annual turnovers range between USD 15,000 to almost USD 1.1 million. Editorial costs make up the bulk of all alternative media platforms. Namely the salaries of core team members and journalists, as well as the fees paid to freel ... ancers, correspondents, and outside consultants/writers. Secondary costs include production equipment, rent, operation, equipment, legal fees, and technical feels. All interviewed independent platforms are non-profit. Almost all members of independent platforms are motivated primarily by their love of the job. Most independent platforms have relied on volunteering, either totally or partially, from their conception to their current stage. None of the platforms interviewed have a devoted person or team in charge of marketing and sales in the traditional sense of buying ads or working on partnerships. Partnerships are usually rare, approached informally, by word-of-mouth and networks, and decided up by editorial teams. All platforms have one person (full-timer or part-timer) in charge of marketing the platform’s own content on social media, but not advertising other brands on their own platforms, except The961. Almost all the platforms are unsatisfied with the current promotion model on social media. Most concerns are related to the clash between the platform’s values and the ethics and politics of social media platforms. Complaints also touched upon the fact that independent media have to invest time and money to create content, and then they have to pay social media to host it, rather than get paid by social media. Some platforms, such as Khateera, have adopted a pragmatic mindset from the start. “Our only objective is to get our message across to as wide an audience as possible,” they said. All media have agreed that good journalism costs money and generates very little, therefore other revenue streams are required to sustain it. All independent media interviewed have relied mostly on grants, except The961. Grants provide core funding and project-based funding. Both Daraj and Megaphone have also relied on volunteers but have shifted away from it. Sentiments towards grants vary. Most platforms in Lebanon have chosen donors that are not related to national, local or foreign authorities; donors that preserve their editorial integrity: i.e., no interference in editorial decisions and alignment with values and ethics. They all have a good relationship with their donors." (Findings, page 3) more

The Digital Worlds of Displacement-Affected Communities: A Cross-Context Study of How People Affected by Displacement Use Mobile Phones Top Insights

National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia Top Insights

Routledge Handbook on Arab Media Top Insights

Arab Media Systems Top Insights

The Digital Worlds of Displacement-Affected Communities: A Cross-Context Study of How People Affected by Displacement Use Mobile Phones
Top Insights

National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia
Top Insights

Routledge Handbook on Arab Media
Top Insights

Arab Media Systems
Top Insights