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Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
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Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), viii, 210 pp.

"This book explores the relationship between the safety of journalists and self-censorship practices around the world, including local case studies and regional and international perspectives. Bringing together scholars and practitioners from around the globe, Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship p ... more

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Threats That Silence: Trends in the Safety of Journalists

Theresa Chorbacher, Kate Musgrave, Rachel Pollack (eds.)

Paris: UNESCO (2021), 41 pp.

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Global Toolkit for Judicial Actors: International Legal Standards on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Safety of Jornalists

Paris: UNESCO (2021), 210 pp.

"This toolkit on international standards for freedom of expression builds on these efforts, aiming to give a global scope to this endeavour. By reinforcing the knowledge and capacities of the judiciary, the toolkit effectively contributes to the implementation of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety ... more

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Media Environment Before and After 2021 Elections: Threats and Supportive Instruments

Mariam Gersamia, Maia Toradze

Tbilisi: Media and Communication Educational and Research Center (MCERC) (2021), 65 pp.

"The study revealed the macro and micro media threats that come to light in the digital and physical media environments prior to and following elections. The media environment observed during the 2021 self-government elections was representative of the reality seen through the eyes of media workers, ... more

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Safety of journalists in Germany

Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn

In: Safety of journalists in Europe: Threats and best practices to tackle them

Mária Žuffová, Roberta Carlini (eds.)

San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute (2021), pp. 43-52

"The physical and digital safety of journalists is an important parameter to assess basic conditions for a plural media environment. If one examines the situation in Germany based on the given categories, it becomes clear that there are problems in various areas. At the same time, however, ideas alr ... more

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Journalism's sharp end: Fatal materiality and the algorithms of profit and political extremism

John O'Sullivan, Leopoldina Fortunati

Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, volume 15, issue 2 (2021), pp. 139-156

"This conceptual paper focusses on two fronts forming a broad assault on journalism, extending from more autocratic settings to include liberal democracies, and leading to what is now widely perceived as a crisis in news. We analyze these two attacks by presenting a framework integrating their sourc ... more

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Safety of Journalists in France

Jedediah Sklower, Franck Rebillard

In: Safety of journalists in Europe: Threats and best practices to tackle them

Mária Žuffová, Roberta Carlini (eds.)

San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute (2021), pp. 31-42

"The 2020 law for “global security” and the National law enforcement plan (Schéma national du maintien de l’ordre), presented by the Minister of the Interior, meant to address, among other questions, the issue of the safety of journalists during demonstrations. Considering growing defiance an ... more

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Strengthening safety and security resources for visual storytellers and journalists. A scoping study
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Peter Noorlander, Agnieszka Raczynska, Camila Mariño, Juliana Lopes

International Resource for Impact and Storytelling (IRIS); Ford Foundation (2021), iv, 114 pp.

"With attacks against storytellers increasing year-on-year, concern has grown about the lack of safety and security resources available to them. This is the focus of our study. Through a series of 120 interviews with artists, filmmakers, journalists, funders, activists, academics and others, along w ... more

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The Platform for the Protection of Journalists: A Mechanism for Cooperation between Non-Governmental Organisations and the Council of Europe

Ana Gascón Marcén

Utrecht Law Review, volume 17, issue 2 (2021), pp. 42-55

"The decrease in journalist safety and media freedom has a negative impact on the rule of law because journalists cannot act as public watchdogs. Its deterioration in Europe during the last decade is a worrying trend for society as a whole. The Council of Europe has tried to fight against it through ... more

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La protection internationale des journalistes en mission professionnelle périlleuse: Enquête sur un défi impossible

Charlotte Meyer

Paris: L'Harmattan (2021), 17 pp.

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Unmasking Gender-Based Violence in Venezuelan Media

Mariateresa Garrido

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil, Baris Çoban, Bora Ataman, Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 251-267

"The Venezuelan government has been instrumental to implement different types of gender-based violence and discrimination. Reports demonstrate that women have been killed, that their economic power decreased, and that they experienced problems related to access to education, health services, jobs, e ... more

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Safe. Strong. Viable. The Symbiosis Between Media Safety and Media Viability

Laura Moore, Petra Aldenrath, Nadine Jurrat (eds.)

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), 41 pp.

"The interviews and the analyses by the experts show that: –– Quality content increases safety. The editors interviewed for this publication confirm that fair and balanced journalism, which clearly distinguishes between facts and opinion and treats the people at the center of the story with resp ... more

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In Their Own Words: Afghan Women Journalists Speak

Annie Philip, Laxmi Murthy, Yirmiyan Arthur, Jane Worthington, John Troughton

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ); India (NWMI) Network of Women in Media (2021), 18 pp.

"Comprising several interviews with women journalists both inside and outside of Afghanistan, the report highlights the threats to life and livelihood imposed by the new regime. As the Taliban imposes new restrictions on the media, including a dress code on women journalists, there is continued resi ... more

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Surviving Mexico: Resistance and Resilience Among Journalists in the Twenty-First Century

Celeste González de Bustamante, Jeannine E. Relly

Austin: University of Texas Press (2021), xiv, 288 pp.

"Since 2000, more than 150 journalists have been killed in Mexico. Today the country is one of the most dangerous in the world in which to be a reporter. In Surviving Mexico, Celeste González de Bustamante and Jeannine E. Relly examine the networks of political power, business interests, and organi ... more

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Risk, Victimization and Coping Strategies of Journalists in Mexico and Brazil

Laura Iesue, Sallie Hughes, Sonia Virginia Moreira, Monica Sousa,

Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo, volume 10, issue 1 (2021), pp. 62-81

"There is a growing recognition that journalists are exposed to dangerous or hazardous working conditions in many places worldwide. These conditions are suggested to be linked to greater macro-related structural risks, including changes to the political economy of news that increase labor precarity, ... more

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A Mission to Inform: Journalists at Risk Speak Out

Marilyn Clark, William Horsley

Strasbourg: Concil of Europe (2020), 149 pp.

"The present study brings together a unique collection of open testimonies from 20 journalists working in different member states of the Council of Europe. Each of these journalists spoke about the risks and pressures they perceived and experienced in exercising their profession, as well as their st ... more

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Threats to Media Freedom and the Safety of Journalists in Nigeria

Umaru A. Pate, Sharafa Dauda

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 241-256

"This chapter interrogates long-established and wide-sprung threats to media freedom and journalists' safety in Nigeria. The study used semi-structured interviews to explore field and newsroom experiences. The findings revealed the types of threats to media freedom and journalists' safety, non-exist ... more

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Media Freedom in South Africa Today: Unravelling Multifarious Threats toward a Research and Advocacy Response

Julie Reid, Glenda. Daniels, Kate Skinner

Communicatio: South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research, volume 46, issue 3 (2020), pp. 1-19

"This article assesses the multiple factors which are barriers to media freedom in South Africa. These include crises of financial sustainability of the media sector which have recently been compounded by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; widespread job losses in journalism; and harassment and phy ... more

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Google Scholar (13)

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Risks to journalists’ safety and the vulnerability of media freedom in the U.S.

Sadia Jamil, Glenn W. Muschert

In: Agenda for Social Justice 2020: Solutions for 2020

Glenn W. Muschert, Kristen M. Budd, Robert Perrucci (eds.)

Bristol: Bristol University Press (2020), pp. 135-142

"Media freedom is primarily the freedom of diverse forms of media and sources of communication. Traditionally, freedom of the press is conceptualized as the freedom to publish; however, the notion of media freedom is much broader as it encompasses the freedom both to publish and to broadcast, emphas ... izing the idea that media in information societies consist of more than print sources (e.g. newspapers and magazines) and incorporates electronic sources of communication as well, such as radio, television, and the Internet. Hence, freedom of the media is indispensable for democratic societies given that the media are an outlet for public discussion and opinion and basically operate to seek the truth, educate the public, and serve as a watchdog over government. Threats to journalists and attacks on media freedom undermine the proper functioning of the United States as a democratic society, as the ability of journalists to investigate and report on controversial topics becomes threatened by the government and pressure groups such as criminal gangs, terrorists, and corporate giants. In the U.S., as elsewhere, freedom of expression is a fundamental human right, and a precondition for many other democratic rights. According to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution: Restrictions on freedom of expression can be direct (such as stringent laws) and in direct (such as censorship pressure from the government and military), and vary relative to social contexts. In democratic systems, media organizations and journalists have been the lifeline of freedom of expression and public accountability. The existence of free and pluralistic media is indispensable to democratic governance, and media freedom is vital to the practice of journalism. Media professionals and journalists need the freedom to perform their jobs without undue constraints. Journalists report on issues of public interest, including government policies, and have a key role to play in democracies by revealing truth and disseminating information indispensable to sustainable knowledge societies. Threats and violence against journalists and media professionals can stop the public from exercising their fundamental right to seek, receive, and impart information." (Abstract) more

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Understanding the link between a media and information literate citizenry and the (un)-safety of journalism

Silvia Chocarro, Jackie Harrison, Sara Torsner, Albana Shala

World Press Freedom Conference 2020 Paper Presented at the Academic Conference on the Safety of Journalists (2020), 17 pp.

"The very basis for journalism to perform its societal role of enabling a well-informed citizenry through the factual reporting of news, grounded in professional standards of accuracy, sincerity and objectivity is that it is undertaken safely. Indeed, the ability of journalism to pursue what we here ... name a “civil role” (Harrison, 2019), which fosters solidarising inclusion among members of society in support of a shared communicative civil life, is conditioned by its inextricable relationship with a well-informed citizenry. Key to this relationship is a media and information literate public that is able, not only to critically evaluate media, but also has the capability to understand the societal value of journalism. This paper therefore argues that strategies to secure journalistic safety must consider how this relationship between journalism and a media and information literate citizenry is prone to attack by divisive anti-civil forces (e.g. from illegitimate state and market intrusion) that produce conditions of civil diminishment and un-safety for journalists (Harrison, 2019 and Torsner, 2019). This paper first develops a theoretical understanding of the link between a media and information literate citizenry and the (un)-safety of journalism. It establishes how journalistic safety is both positively linked to a media and information literate public that functions as a potential bulwark against attacks targeting journalism – forms of civil resistance, and negatively interlinked with a media and information illiterate citizenry that engenders hostility towards journalism. We conclude that strengthening the media and information literacy of society should be considered as a strategy to safeguard a free, independent and safe environment for journalism. Second, the paper uses empirical case studies to illustrate the role of citizens and communities of audiences in protecting journalism through expressions of solidarity that articulate an understanding of the societal value of journalism. Doing so the paper examines how a strong relationship of trust between journalism and communities of audiences, and between journalism and members of society, via media and information literacy, can serve to protect journalism in contexts where independent journalism is restricted and regularly attacked." (Abstract) more

Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship Top Insights

Strengthening safety and security resources for visual storytellers and journalists. A scoping study Top Insights

Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Top Insights

Strengthening safety and security resources for visual storytellers and journalists. A scoping study
Top Insights