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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
87
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
30
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
28
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
27
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
22
Propaganda
21
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
19
COVID-19 Communication
19
Social Media in Political Communication
18
Twitter & Microblogs
17
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
16
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
15
Media Use, Media Consumption
14
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
14
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
12
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
12
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
12
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
12
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
11
WhatsApp
11
Media Law & Regulation
11
Election Campaigns: Social Media
11
Access to Media & Information
10
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
10
Government Communication Strategies
10
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
10
Facebook
10
Artificial Intelligence
10
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
10
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
9
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
9
Deepfakes (Realistic-Looking Media Content that has been Modified, Generated or Falsified Using AI)
9
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
9
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
9
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
8
Freedom of Expression
8
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
8
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
8
Digital & Information Literacy
8
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
8
Populism
8
Telecommunication Infrastructure
8
Election Campaigns
7
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
7
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
7
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
7
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
7
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
7
Journalism Ethics
7
Manipulation
7
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
6
Government Propaganda
6
Digital Media Landscapes
6
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
6
Political Communication
6
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
5
War Reporting
5
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
5
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
5
Digital Political Communication
5
Online News
5
Social Media
5
Telegram
5
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
5
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
5
Journalistic Quality
5
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
5
Polarization, Political Polarization
5
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
5
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
4
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
4
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
4
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
4
Bots
4
YouTube
4
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
4
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
4
Journalism
4
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
4
Media & Information Literacy
4
Reality & Communication, Truth & Media
4
User-Generated Contents
4
Censorship
3
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
3
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
3
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
3
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
3
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
3
Countering Misinformation & Rumours
3
Rumours & Rumour Management
3
Influencers (Social Media)
3
AI & Democracy / Democratization
3
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
3
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
3
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
3
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
3
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
3
Reporting on Disinformation & Misinformation
3
Environmental Communication
3
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
3
Investigative Journalism
3
Journalism Education & Training
3
Media Literacy: Youth
3
Social Media Landscapes
3
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
3
Public Opinion
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Public Service Broadcasting
3
Cyberpsychology
3
Antisemitism
3
Discrimination
3
Society
3
Population
3
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
3
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
2
Advertising Markets & Industries
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
2
Audiences & Users
2
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
2
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
2
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Holocaust
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
Dealing With the Past
2
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
2
Military: Online & Social Media Communication Strategies
2
Memes
2
Algorithms & Big Data
2
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
2
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
2
Google
2
Internet Shutdowns
2
Digital Media Markets
2
Podcasts
2
TikTok
2
AI & Social Justice
2
Effects of Disinformation on Democracy
2
Gendered Disinformation
2
Digital Economies & Markets
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Sports Reporting
2
Ethics in Media & Communication
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
2
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
2
Self-Regulation of Media
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
2
History of Journalism
2
Nazism
2
Foreign Correspondents
2
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
2
European Union (EU)
2
Journalists
2
Election Reporting
2
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
2
Information Ecosystems
2
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
2
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
2
Right-Wing Extremism
2
Democracy / Democratization and Media
2
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
2
Public Opinion Manipulation
2
Public Spheres
2
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
2
Religion and Communication
2
COVID-19 Pandemic & Religion
2
Taliban
2
Islam and Communication
2
Research in Media & Communication
2
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
2
Robots, Robotics
2
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
2
Access to Media & Information: Disadvantaged Groups and Minorities
1
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Migrants & Refugees
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Behavior Tracking & Cookies
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Social Media Analytics, Web Metrics, User Data Analytics
1
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
1
Media Use: Conflict Areas
1
Mobile Phone Use: Migrants & Refugees
1
Authoritarian Discourse
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
1
E-Books & Digital Book Publishing
1
Catholic Church and Communication
1
Catholic Communication Ethics, Catholic Media Ethics
1
Catholic Social Thought
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
1
Children & Digital Media
1
Girls and Media
1
Media Literacy: Children
1
Media Literacy: Preschool Children
1
Christian Communication Ethics, Christian Media Ethics
1
Church Marketing
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Nollywood
1
Communication Rights
1
Digital Rights
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Intellectual Property
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
State Influence on the Media
1
Crisis Communication
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Nonprofit Public Relations: Design & Implementation
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Viral Spots & Viral Online Communication
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Radios
1
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
1
Genocides
1
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
1
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Extremist Recruitment through Media
1
Peace Culture, Peace Education, Non-Violence
1
Peace Negotiations & Agreements: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Computational Content Analysis
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Hermeneutics
1
Media Ethnography
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Fans, Fandom, Fan Cultures
1
Literature
1
Open Society Foundations (NGO network)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Behaviour Change Communication
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Convergence of Media
1
Cybercrimes
1
Digital Inclusion
1
Digital Labour, Digital Work
1
Digital Media, Internet & Religion
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
Digital Research Methods
1
History of Internet & Digital Media
1
Interactive Media
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Electronic Commerce
1
Political Blogging
1
Political Websites & Online Communities
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
1
Instagram
1
Streaming Media
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
AI in Journalism & Media
1
AI Reporting
1
Digital Philosophies
1
Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
1
Discrimination in Language & Media
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism in Communication & Media
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Early Warning: Disasters
1
Stop.Fake.org (Internet Portal, Kiev)
1
Environmental Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Economics of Media
1
Media Clusters
1
Media Concentration
1
Media Industries
1
Music Industries & Markets
1
Television Markets
1
Civic Education: Use & Role of Media
1
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
1
Gaming: Ethical Issues
1
Sports
1
Docusoaps & Scripted Reality Programmes
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Image Ethics, Ethics in Photojournalism
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Ubuntu (Ethical Concept of Southern African Origin)
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Sexuality
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Gatekeepers
1
Good Practice Examples
1
History of Disinformation
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
NATO
1
UNESCO
1
United Nations (UN)
1
United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
1
Journalism Sources
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Journalistic Genres
1
Journalistic Practices & Routines
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
News
1
Local News
1
Newsroom Management
1
Radio Journalism
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Asian Languages
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Media Assistance
1
Mindfulness, Mindful Communication
1
Media Literacy: Primary Education
1
Media Literacy: Secondary Education
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Media Governance
1
Rule of Law
1
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Deaf & Hard of Hearing People
1
People with Disabilities: Access to & Use of ICT and Media
1
Aquinas, Thomas (1225-1274)
1
Cadwalladr, Carole (British Investigative Journalist)
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Ressa, Maria
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Governance
1
FARC (Insurgent Group, Colombia)
1
Political Culture
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Framing
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Political Television Programmes & Political Talkshows
1
Public & State Television
1
Emotions in the Media, Emotional Functions & Messages of Media
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Persuasive Communication
1
Everyday Life
1
Indignation, Outrage
1
Opinion, Opinion Formation, Opinion Change
1
Prejudices
1
Perception, Cognition & Comprehension
1
Third-Person Effects
1
Buddhism
1
Confucianism
1
Interreligious Dialogue
1
Islam
1
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Islam
1
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
1
Communication & Media Research Centres
1
Research Methods
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Political Indicators
1
Randomised Control Trials & (Quasi-) Experimental Designs
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Rohingya
1
Digital Media Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
Remote Work, Teleworking, Working from Home
1
SMS
1
State Influence on ICT & Telecommunication Markets
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Defunding Disinformation in the Balkans: How International Brands Support Russia’s Agenda

Brussels: Balkan Free Media Initiative (BFMI); CRTA (2023), 39 pp.

Ciências da Comunicação contra a Desinformação

São Paulo: Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação (2023), 271 pp.
"Fruto do Ciclo de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação, atividade integrante do 45° Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação, a obra reúne pontos de vista convergentes, complementares e antagônicos sobre o tema desinformação. Além de uma versão textual da conferência de abe ... more

Anti-Rumour. Verschwörungserzählungen, Fake News und wie man sie erkennt. Der-Anti-Rumour Leitfaden

Stiftung Digitale Chancen; Challedu; Citizens in Power (2023), 62 pp.
"Harmful actors use an ever-expanding range of digital spaces to spread harmful ideologies and undermine human rights and democracy online. Understanding their evolving ideas, online networks and activities is critical to the development of a more comprehensive evidence base to inform effective and ... more
"The Palgrave Handbook of Media Misinformation provides a comprehensive and cutting-edge resource on the critical debates surrounding fake news and misinformation online. Spanning all continents and linking academic, journalistic, and educational communities, this collection offers authoritative cov ... more
"This review aims (a) to investigate the motivations to share fake news on Social Media Platforms (SMPs) according to the Self-Determination Theory (SDT); (b) to identify the solutions to fight these motivations and the agents in charge of implementing them; and (c) the user’s role in this process ... more
"Europaweit haben 52 Prozent derjenigen, die bereits einen Account gemeldet haben, häufig oder sehr häufig Desinformation wahrgenommen. Von denen, die dies nicht getan haben, sagen das nur 36 Prozent. Hingegen geben die beiden Gruppen in etwa gleichem Umfang (58 beziehungsweise 53 Prozent) an, hä ... more

Denial of Genocides in the Twenty-First Century

Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press (2023), xvi, 400 pp.
"Throughout the twenty-first century, genocide denial has evolved and adapted with new strategies to augment and complement established modes of denial. In addition to outright negation, denial of genocide encompasses a range of techniques, including disputes over numbers, contestation of legal defi ... more
"Uma campanha anti-imprensa permanente força e acelera a perda de credibilidade da mídia profissional. Os ataques são orquestrados e contam com um ecossistema de desinformação bem estruturado e auto-sustentável. A campanha é financiada por políticos de pequena expressão e veículos de junk. ... more

The Media Manipulation Casebook

Cambridge, MA: Politics and Public Policy Shorenstein Center on Media (2023)
"The Media Manipulation Casebook is a research platform [launched in 2019] that advances knowledge of misinformation and disinformation and their threats to democracy, public health, and security. The Casebook is a resource for building the field of Critical Internet Studies by equipping researchers ... more

Blurring the Truth: Disinformation in Southeast Europe

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2023), iii, 281 pp.
"This is neither the first nor the last study of disinformation. Yet it differs significantly from others in many regards. Firstly, it is the first and only study summarizing the state of disinformation in Southeast Europe. While regional studies abound, none so far has looked at all countries of th ... more
"Can residents of Ukraine discern between pro-Kremlin disinformation and true statements? Moreover, which pro-Kremlin disinformation claims are more likely to be believed, and by which audiences? We present the results from two surveys carried out in 2019—one online and the other face-to-face—th ... more
"Experts have ranked Taiwan as the number one country regarding the exposure to disinformation. This assessment is not surprising as many exposed disinformation cases can be linked to Chinese statealigned actors but also domestic political actors. Academic researchers, journalists, and the civic tec ... more

Medienkompetenz in einer digitalen Welt

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2023), 67 pp.
"Medien – digitale wie traditionelle – spielen eine zentrale Rolle im Leben der Menschen. Sie informieren über das Geschehen weltweit und bieten zudem diverse Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten, beruflich wie privat. Einen großen Teil ihres Alltags bewältigen Menschen digital. So haben sich durch d ... more
"This open access book is the product of three years of academic research that has been carried out in the EU-funded Jean Monnet Network on "Post-Truth Politics, Nationalism and the Delegitimation of European Integration" since 2019. Drawing on the multidisciplinary expertise of the network's member ... more
"Analysis of over 850 advertisers between 1 September and 23 November 2022 showed a small cohort drove the majority of false or greenwashed advertising on Facebook, with activity peaking in the weeks preceding and during COP27. Common techniques included ‘nature-rinsing’, to distract and mislead ... more
"[...] la présente note d’orientation expose les principes potentiels d’un code de conduite qui aidera à guider les États Membres, les plateformes numériques et les autres parties prenantes dans les efforts qu’ils déploient pour rendre l’espace numérique plus inclusif et plus sûr pour ... more

Gendered Disinformation 2023

Tbilisi: Media Development Foundation (MDF) (2023), 51 pp.
"During the six months of the gender-based disinformation study (January 1 – June 30, 2023), the following trends were revealed: A total of 42 cases of gendered disinformation were identified, of which 24 were homophobic and 18 were sexist or attacked women based on moral criteria. In most cases, ... more
"A desinformação ambiental é uma das pautas centrais na propaganda política da extrema-direita brasileira, servindo de argumento para o desmonte da proteção do meio ambiente e o avanço sistemático de atividades extrativistas no Brasil. Em última instância, nossos resultados apontam para a ... more
"This work aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of fake news research as well as a fundamental review of existing approaches used to detect and prevent fake news from spreading via OSNs. We present the research problem and the existing challenges, discuss the state of the art in exi ... more