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Watchdog Role of the Media
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Public Service Broadcasting
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Al-Jazeera
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Election Campaigns
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Iraq War (2003)
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E-Governance, E-Democracy
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Accountability & Transparency of the Media
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Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
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Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
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Catholic Church: Media Representation & Reporting
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Blockbusters
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Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Terrorism
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Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War (1990-1991)
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Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
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China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
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Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
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News Reception
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News Agencies
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Xinhua (News Agency, China)
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Newsroom Management
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Print Journalism
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
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Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
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Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
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Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
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Media Assistance
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Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
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Communication Systems
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
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Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
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Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
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Media & Communication Policies
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Media & Information Literacy
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Press Landscapes
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BBC
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Voice of America
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Conflict & War Photography
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Accountability & Transparency
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Polarization, Political Polarization
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Political Preferences
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Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
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Influence of Media on Politics
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National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
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Political Parties: Communication Strategies
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Public Opinion
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Public Spheres
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El Espectador (Newspaper, Colombia)
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Radio Ndeke Luka (Central African Republic)
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Radio Okapi (Democratic Republic of Congo)
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Radio Télévision Ivoirienne
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Islam and Communication
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Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
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Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
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Society & Media, Media Sociology
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China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
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Theories of Communication & Media
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Language
Document type
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Authors & Publishers
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Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Determinants of watchdog journalism: A global empirical approach
International Communication Gazette, volume 87, issue 3 (2025), pp. 191-216
"This article introduces and examines a hierarchical model of influences that identifies the variables affecting the watchdog role of journalists at three levels: the societal (press freedom and democracy), the organizational (media ownership), and the individual (editorial autonomy and perceived in
...
Journalism under Duress: Worlds of Journalism Study Report (Wave 3: 2021–2025)
Top Insights
Munich: WJS Center Ludwig-Maximilian Universität (LMU) (2025), 371 pp.
"This report presents findings from the third wave of the Worlds of Journalism Study (WJS3), conducted between 2021 and 2025. In this iteration, we focused on journalists’ perceptions of risk and uncertainty in their profession and sought to identify key factors that shape how journalists navigate
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Journalists in Malawi
Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 7 pp.
"Malawian journalists are ambivalent in their roles. They perceive themselves as faithful reporters and objective analysts of current affairs, who not only help their audiences make informed decisions, but also give voice to the people (see Table 1). They also perceive themselves as monitors and scr
...
Negotiating Journalism: The (In)congruences of Role Expectations and Evaluation of Media Performance Between Audiences and News Professionals in Chile
International Journal of Communication, volume 19 (2025), pp. 1893–1917
"Based on an online survey with 330 Chilean journalists and 4,615 media users, this study examines the discrepancies between the expectations of Chilean audiences and news professionals regarding journalistic roles and their evaluation of media performance. The findings reveal that audiences place g
...
Sauti za Waandishi: Journalists’ voices. A survey of Tanzanian media practitioners
Dar es Salaam: Twaweza East Africa (2024), 20 pp.
Journalism Practices in Western and Muslim Majority Countries: Culture Matters
International Journal of Press/Politics (2024), ?? pp.
"In this article, we suggest that the ideological cultural forces explain the differences in journalism practices in Western and Muslim majority countries (MMC). It is argued that the norms, values, and the deep political culture of the West and MMC have been materialized leading to different types
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Journalistic role conceptions and performance in the global south: A comparison between Egypt and the UAE during COVID-19
International Communication Gazette, volume 85, issue 8 (2023), pp. 646-662
"Journalists in Egypt and the UAE have been differently challenged by the COVID-19 situation at multiple levels, (1) individual (2) work/routines and (3) media/organizational while covering COVID-19. Using the hierarchy of influences model, we analyze the differentiated journalists’ role conceptio
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Engaged Journalism and Professional Happiness
In: Happiness in Journalism
Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 175-184
"This chapter identifies what motivates and professionally satisfies an engaged journalist. Instead of happiness, it suggests the notion of contentment." (Abstract)
The Joy in Journalism
In: Happiness in Journalism
Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 19-24
"This chapter argues that we should take seriously the possibility that particularly morally entangled forms of journalism, such as conflict and investigative reporting, might be deeply emotionally fulfilling." (Abstract)
“I Know Which Devil I Write for”: Two Types of Autonomy Among Czech Journalists Remaining in and Leaving the Prime Minister’s Newspapers
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 28, issue 1 (2023), pp. 238-256
"This paper examines two different understandings of professional autonomy among journalists currently and formerly working at Mafra, a Czech media house acquired in 2013 by Andrej Babiš, who in 2017 became the Czech Prime Minister. We build on existing research of local trends in media ownership a
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Journalistic practices in restrictive contexts: A sociological approach to the case of Iran
London; New York: Routledge (2023), 131 pp.
"Based on fieldwork conducted in Iran, this book discusses how it is possible for journalism to exist and function in a restrictive context. The book brings together a range of structural (macro), organizational (meso), and individual (micro) processes to analyse journalistic practice in a political
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Periodistas en México: Encuesta de sus perfiles demográficos, laborales y profesionales
Global Media Journal - México, volume 20, issue 39 (2023), pp. 110–159
"Para que el periodismo pueda realizar su función democrática, es preciso que el contexto político, social y económico le permita su desarrollo en toda forma. Aunque en el pasado estuvo caracterizado por la cooptación y la censura, el periodismo mexicano reciente ha mostrado prácticas innovado
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The struggle for authority and legitimacy: Lifestyle and political journalists’ discursive boundary work
Journalism, volume 24, issue 10 (2023), pp. 2155–2173
"Scholarship has pointed to an artificial hierarchy between political and lifestyle journalism that is rooted in norms and values stemming from Western-liberal thought. Within this distinction, lifestyle journalism has been subordinated as occupying a marginal or peripheral position in the field. Ye
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Journalism Cultures in Sierra Leone: Between Global Norms and Local Pressures
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), xx, 212 pp.
"This book provides novel insights into the perspectives of journalists in Sierra Leone and on their work by examining their perceived journalistic values and the influences that shape them. It treats journalism as an occupational identity and as a community that works on the foundation of the sub-S
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Journalismus in Deutschland 2023: Aktuelle Befunde zu Situation und Wandel
Hamburg: Hans-Bredow-Institut (2023), 16 pp.
"Dieses Arbeitspapier präsentiert erste Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung von insgesamt 1.221 Journalist:innen in Deutschland, die zwischen September 2022 und Februar 2023 durchgeführt wurde. Die Studie, die von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert wird, ist Teil des Forschung
...
Job Control and Subjective Well-Being in News Work
In: Happiness in Journalism
Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 115-124
"The objective of this chapter is to establish a link between the concepts of job control and subjective well-being to explore the question of journalists’ happiness." (Abstract)
“We always report under pressure”: Professionalism and journalistic identity among regional journalists in a conflict zone
Journalism, volume 24, issue 4 (2023), pp. 709–728
"This study explores how regional journalists in Pakistan conceptualize journalistic professionalism, how they perceive their journalistic identities, and how local socio-political and economic realities shape their professional identification. Analysis of interviews with 33 journalists working in P
...
Finding Joy as Journalists
In: Happiness in Journalism
Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton, Mark Deuze, Claudia Mellado (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 25-32
"This chapter finds that journalists find joy in numerous aspects of their work: the opportunity to provide perspective, show compassion to their community and display gratitude for their own experiences in life." (Abstract)
State of the Newsroom in Tanzania: A Survey Report
African Centre for Media Excellence (ACME) (2022), iv, 27 pp.
"This report offers an upstream view of the newsroom in the country. It looks at the newsroom environment and operations. Specifically, it looks at the newsroom staffing, revenue sources, specialisations, in-house training, and quality assurance, as well as the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on new
...
Politics and Journalism in Francophone Africa: Systems, Practices and Identities
Top Insights
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2022), xxvii, 347 pp.
"This book provides a comprehensive approach of the media, journalism and politics in Sub-Saharan Francophone Africa. The author argues that there are common features that the media and journalism share in the seventeen countries of Francophone Africa and these make the local media systems different
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