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Media Influence Matrix: India. Funding Journalism

Vibodh Parthasarathi, Simran Agarwal

Budapest: Data and Society (CMDS) Center for Media (2020), 40 pp.

"The largest players in terms of funding spent in the media are commercial advertisers. In 2018 advertising contributed €7.8bn to the media funding in India, an annual growth rate of 11.5%. Advertising makes the largest cut in the operating revenues of the news media. Subscription revenue does not ... bring in enough. The biggest advertising sectors across all news mediums include fast moving consumer groups (FMCG), services, automobiles, and banking and finance. Top advertisers include both domestic and international players such as Hindustan Unilever, Reckitt Benckiser, Amazon Online, Paytm, and Maruti Suzuki. In 2016-17, the advertising sector experienced a slump due to the implementation of the currency demonetization policy. However, multiple sports events, national elections in May 2019, and a significant contribution from political advertisements, from both regional and national political parties, boosted the sector’s revenue in 2017-18. Two large investors in the Indian news media include Mukesh Ambani and Subhash Chandra. Media is not their primary business. They run Reliance Group and Essel Group of industries, respectively, which are spread across a myriad of industries including petroleum, refineries, telecom, chemicals, textiles, packaging, oil and gas, precious metals, retail, infrastructure, digital services, to name just a few. Ambani ventured into broadcasting in 2011 when he took complete control over the Eenadu TV (ETV) network, broadcasting in numerous regional languages. In 2014, the Reliance group gained control of one of India’s largest news and entertainment television networks, Network 18. This included taking over of Network 18 Media and Investments Ltd and its subsidiaries TV 18 and Viacom 18 (a joint venture between TV 18 and ViacomCBS in India) in a €513mn deal. In 2016, he also started what has become one of India’s three largest mobile operators, Reliance Jio. Such vertical expansion was furthered in 2019 when he entered the television distribution segment by acquiring a majority stake in two of the three largest cable companies in India, DEN Networks and Hathway for €661m. Chandra, an MP, owns the Essel Group which runs one of India’s oldest and largest television networks with 14 news channels across eight language markets, operated by the Zee Media Corporation Limited, besides 35 entertainment channels across 19 languages, operated by Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited. This conglomerate is also vertically integrated through its subsidiaries in Direct-to-Home (DTH) and Cable distribution, Dish TV India Limited and Siti Networks Limited respectively, and horizontally integrated through its subsidiaries in print and film production, Diligent Media Corporation Ltd and Zee Studios, respectively. Politicians and their affiliates are major players in the regional news media. The Sun Group in the state of Tamil Nadu is owned by Kalanithi Maran, nephew of former chief minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi, and brother of current MP Dayanidhi Maran. The Sun conglomerate owns 33 television channels across six languages, 67 FM radio stations, three daily newspapers and numerous other publications. Also, vertically integrated, it owns Sun Direct, one of the largest DTH operators, and Sumangali Cable Vision, a prominent regional cable network. Similarly, in the state of Orissa, the Panda Family runs the Odisha Television Limited, cable networks through Ortel, and digital news assets. Baijayant Panda is a former MP, currently a member of the ruling party, Bharatiya Janata Party." (Executive summary, pages 4-5) more

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CANnual Report 2019: Changing Landscapes. The Past Five Years of the Advertising Industry of Central and Eastern Europe

Budapest: WeCAN Communications, 5th annual report (2019), 177 pp.

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Insights from the Entertainment & Media Outlook: 2019-2023. An African Perspective. Getting Personal: Putting the me in Entertainment & Media

Vicki Myburgh, Charles Stuart

PWC, 10th annual ed. (2019), 189 pp.

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La comunicación en el escenario digital: Actualidad, retos y prospectivas

Luis M. Romero Rodríguez, Diana Rivera Rogel (comp.)

Lima: Pearson Educación de Perú (2019), 879 pp.

"Esta obra colectiva de 25 capítulos cuenta con la visión de más de 60 expertos de la comunicación digital de cinco países y está avalada por grupos de investigación de universidades de primer nivel, así como de resultados de proyectos de investigación europeos e iberoamericanos. Asistimos ... more

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Inversión publicitaria 2018

Lima: CPI (2019), 3 pp.

"Durante el 2018 se ha mantenido la caída de la inversión publicitaria que se dio en 2017 con respecto al 2016. El promedio disminuyó 7,2%, a pesar del 3,9% que creció la economía peruana, lo cual se ha manifestado en un retroceso de la participación de las inversiones en el PBI. La principal ... more

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Media Influence Matrix: Kyrgyzstan. Funding Journalism

Gulnura Toralieva

Budapest: Data and Society (CMDS) Center for Media (2019), 22 pp.

"The media sector in Kyrgyzstan is heavily dominated by the government through both ownership and funding. The government funds a large pool of state-owned media companies, including newspapers, radio broadcasters and the public service operator KTRK. According to our estimates, the government spent ... more

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Media Influence Matrix: Kazakhstan. Funding Journalism

Adil Nussipov

Budapest: Data and Society (CMDS) Center for Media (2019), 26 pp.

"Only three of the ten most popular television channels in Kazakhstan are not government-owned. Former President Nursultan Nazarbayev directly or through his family, also owns television channels. For example, KTK, the second most watched television channel in the country is run by the Foundation of ... the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Elbasy. Another popular television channel, NTK, is owned directly by a Nazarbayev family member. Nazarbayev resigned in March 2019, but political analysts say that he did so to be able, before he dies, to supervise a smooth transition to a new regime that will continue his policies, ensuring centralization of political control and preventing criticism of authorities as Nazarbayev did during his 29-year tenure. When it comes to online news, the Government owns three of the 10 most visited websites: Kazinform.kz, Bnews.kz and 24.kz. In fact, none of the most popular news portals in Kazakhstan are independent and truly free of government control. For example, TengriNews.kz, one of the most read news websites is owned by the company Alash Media Group, which is known for promoting a strong pro-government narrative. The foreign influence in Kazakhstan’s media landscape is limited as foreigners can own only 20% of a media company. That being said, the Russian influence in the Kazakh media is notable. The most popular television channel in the country, Eurasia, jointly owned by the governments of Kazakhstan and Russia, is known for promoting a heavy pro-Russian agenda on world affairs. Another popular television channel, Channel 31 (31 Kanal) is co-owned by Bulat Utemuratov, a wealthy local businessman, and the Russian-funded STS Media Holding. Kenes Rakishev, another entrepreneur, owner of Channel Seven (Sedmoy Kanal), is also a partner in Fastlane Ventures, a prominent Russian venture fund that usually invests in internet companies. The Government is by far the largest funder in the media, with over €144m spent in cash dished out to media companies in 2017, more than the overall ad spend in Kazakhstan, according to industry estimates. Most of the government funding goes to government-owned media companies or privately held outlets that show support of the Government. For example, in television, the biggest chunk of government cash is spent on financing Khabar and Qazaqstan, two government-owned channels. In such a centralized media environment in which the Government plays a disproportionately big role, there is hardly any space for independent journalism. Owned by a civil society activist and journalist, Vlast.kz is arguably the sole truly independent news website among the 10 most visited websites in the country. There are other independent news media such as Azattyq, the local service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, but their audience is much smaller." (Page 4) more

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Advertising Market in Albanian Media

Tirana: Albanian Media Institute (2019), 54 pp.

"The advertising market in Albania is relatively small, especially in regard to the large number of media that exist in the country. The market clearly favours televisions, which receive the lion’s share of the advertising. While the print media is in continuous decline, online media’s advertisi ... more

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Sector publicitario y género: Agencias de publicidad, asociaciones, sindicatos e instituciones educativas analizados con perspectiva feminista

Sandra Chaher, Virginia Pedraza (eds.)

Buenos Aires: Comunicación para la Igualdad Ediciones (2019), 174 pp.

"La publicidad pareciera ser una industria con marcada paridad laboral si se la evalúa desde el punto de vista de la inclusión de las mujeres como fuerza laboral, ya que éstas representan el 49,5% de las personas empleadas. Sin embargo, el análisis al interior del rubro da cuenta de notables des ... more

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Inversión ACHAP

Santiago de Chile: Asociación Chilena de Publicidad (ACHAP) (2018), 30 slides

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Media Feast, News Famine: Ten Global Advertising Trends That Threaten Independent Journalism

Michelle Foster

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2017), 25 pp.

"This report looks at ten factors that have altered the media marketplace and that pose challenges to national and local news producers and their sources of revenue. They include ways in which governments interfere in media markets; changes in the structure of news distribution and audience behavior ... more

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Ad Wars: Digital Challenges for Ad-Financed News Media in the Nordic Countries

Jonas Ohlsson, Ulrika Facht

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), 229 pp.

"The accelerating digitalisation of the media landscape has released enormous forces of change in the Nordic advertising markets. The overall impression from the results of this study is that the sweeping changes digitalisation is bringing about are not just undermining the business model on which t ... more

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Media Ownership Monitor Serbia

Reporters Without Borders (2017), 549 pp.

"The state has been for year the biggest advertiser in the country. Public money has been spent through its Ministries, institutions, republic agencies, bodies, local self-governments etc on different advertising and sponsorship contracts. The total value of state advertising still remains unknown d ... more

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World Press Trends 2017: The Definitive Guide to the Global News Media Industry in Numbers, Trends and Changes

Frankfurt: WAN-IFRA (2017), 87 pp.

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Media Industries in the Middle East 2016
Top Insights

Qatar: Northwestern University in Qatar; Doha Film Institute (2016), 174 pp.

"This report contains the collected, examined, and produced information on the fundamental characteristics of the media and communication industries, whenever possible, in the MENA region as a whole. It typically includes 14 countries from Mauritania on the Atlantic Ocean to Oman on the Arab Gulf. F ... more

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Thirty Rising Media Markets 2016

Anne Austin, Jonathan Barnard, Nicola Hutcheon

London: ZenithOptimedia (2016), 51 pp.

"The markets we do include are a very diverse bunch, from the very closed and politically tightly controlled such as Laos; through a large number of nations on the African continent which have seen a sudden improvement in digital infrastructure thanks to the landing of several new submarine intercon ... more

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CANnual Report 2016: A New Constellation in the Advertising Industry of Central and Eastern Europe

Budapest: WeCAN Communications (2016), 214 pp.

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Global Media Report 2015: Global Industry Overview

McKinsey (2015), 24 pp.

"Spending on media continues to shift from traditional to digital products and services at a rapid pace. By 2019, we believe digital spending will account for more than 50 percent of overall media spend. Within this, digital video spending will overtake physical spending by 2018, two years earlier t ... more

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CANnual Report 2015: The Advertising Economy of Central and Eastern Europe Reflected in Numbers

Budapest: WeCAN Communications (2015), 196 pp.

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Media Scene: Middle East (Focus on UAE & KSA)

Paris: Publicitas (2015), 38 slides

Media Industries in the Middle East 2016 Top Insights

Media Industries in the Middle East 2016
Top Insights