Filter
345
Featured
Free Access
301
Inspiring Practice
4
Key Guidance
19
Quick Overview
2
Top Insights
22
Topics
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
87
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
36
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
30
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
24
COVID-19 Communication
17
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
14
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
13
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
13
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
12
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
12
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
12
Election Campaigns: Social Media
12
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
11
Facebook
11
Countering Defamation & Harassment
11
Propaganda
10
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
10
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
7
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
7
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
7
Twitter & Microblogs
7
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
7
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
6
Extremist Recruitment through Media
6
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
6
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
6
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
6
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
5
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
5
Algorithms & Big Data
5
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
5
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
4
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
4
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
4
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
4
Countering Misinformation & Rumours
4
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
4
Digital & Information Literacy
4
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
4
Social Media in Political Communication
4
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
4
Deepfakes (Realistic-Looking Media Content that has been Modified, Generated or Falsified Using AI)
4
Gendered Disinformation
4
Good Practice Examples
4
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
4
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
4
Islamist Communications & Media
4
Antisemitism
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
3
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
3
Campaigning: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
3
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
3
Freedom of Expression
3
Crisis Communication
3
Storytelling
3
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
3
Narratives, Narrative Structures
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
3
Artificial Intelligence
3
Gaming, Video Games
3
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
3
Journalism Ethics
3
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
3
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
3
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
3
Digital Literacy: Youth
3
Human Rights
3
Populism
3
Election Monitoring
3
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
2
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
2
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
2
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
2
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
2
Gaming: Uses & Effects
2
Campaigning: Experiences
2
Campaigning: Message Design
2
Campaigning: Planning & Implementation
2
Election Campaigns
2
Communication Rights
2
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
2
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
2
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
2
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
2
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
2
Rumours & Rumour Management
2
Memes
2
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
2
Edutainment Television Programmes
2
Bots
2
Telegram
2
YouTube
2
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
2
Environmental Disinformation & Misinformation
2
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
2
Reporting on Disinformation & Misinformation
2
Educational Games, Serious Games
2
Humour, Parody, Satire
2
Ethics in Media & Communication
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Impact Assessment & Outcome Evaluation
2
Gender-Sensitive Journalism
2
Gender-Sensitive Language
2
Nazism
2
European Union (EU)
2
United Nations (UN)
2
Election Reporting
2
Media & Information Literacy
2
Media Literacy: Youth
2
Social Media Landscapes
2
Media Law & Regulation
2
Religious Freedom
2
Political Extremism
2
Right-Wing Extremism
2
Public Media, State Media
2
Persuasive Communication
2
Interreligious Dialogue
2
Jihad
2
Research Methods
2
User-Generated Contents
2
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
2
Advocacy Campaigns
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Children
1
Media Use: Conflict Areas
1
Authoritarian Discourse
1
Campaigning
1
Campaign Strategies
1
Digital Media Campaigns
1
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Digital Literacy: Children
1
School Radios
1
Digital Rights
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
1
Censorship
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Nonprofit Public Relations: Design & Implementation
1
Viral Spots & Viral Online Communication
1
Community Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Perpetrators
1
Boko Haram
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Early Warning: Conflicts & Crises
1
Enemy Images
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Military: Online & Social Media Communication Strategies
1
Violence in the Media: Video Games
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Quality
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Fans, Fandom, Fan Cultures
1
Development Assistance
1
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
1
Funding Criteria & Priorities
1
Behaviour Change Communication
1
Edutainment Health Programmes
1
Edutainment Radio Programmes
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Political Microtargeting
1
Political Websites & Online Communities
1
Digital Media Markets
1
Influencers (Social Media)
1
TikTok
1
WhatsApp
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
1
Romani People
1
Stop.Fake.org (Internet Portal, Kiev)
1
Effects of Disinformation on Democracy
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Educational Policies
1
Environmental Education
1
Infotainment, Politainment
1
Environmental Communication
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Communication for Sustainable Development
1
Environmental Communication in Social Media, User-Generated Contents
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Environmental Communication
1
Defamation, Libel, Slander
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Evaluation Methods: Using Communication Tools
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender Relations
1
Collaboration
1
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
1
UNESCO
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
1
United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
1
Journalism
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Skills
1
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
Photojournalism
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Assistance: Religious Diversity, Religious Media
1
Crowdsourcing
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Mindfulness, Mindful Communication
1
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Judiciary & Penal System
1
Corporate Social Responsibility
1
Popular Music
1
Photography
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Political Communication
1
Political Transition and Media
1
Public Opinion Manipulation
1
Religious Radio Programmes
1
Muslim Radio Broadcasting
1
Cyberpsychology
1
Emotions in the Media, Emotional Functions & Messages of Media
1
Media Effects
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Parasocial Interaction
1
Manipulation
1
Perception, Cognition & Comprehension
1
Religion and Communication
1
Taliban
1
Islam and Communication
1
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
1
Randomised Control Trials & (Quasi-) Experimental Designs
1
Research Report Writing
1
Youth Violence & Violence Prevention
1
Civic Coalitions
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Reality & Communication, Truth & Media
1
Robots, Robotics
1
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
1
SMS
1
Visual Communication
1
Youth Activism, Youth Civic Engagement, Youth Political Interests, Youth Protests
1
Youth, Adolescents
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
How Information Disorder Affirms Authoritarianism and Destabilizes Democracy: Evidence, Trends, and Actionable Mitigation Strategies from Asia and the Pacific
Washington, DC: USAID; Integra Government Services International LLC; Asia Emerging Opportunities (AEO) Activity (2021), 130 pp.
"Section 2 of this report provides an overview of information disorder in Asia and the Pacific and describes how it destabilizes democracy and strengthens authoritarianism. After situating information disorder in Asia and the Pacific in its historical context, Section 2 examines which actors 1) spre
...
Hass im Netz ist nicht Teil des Jobs: Ein Leitfaden zum Umgang mit digitaler Gewalt
Berlin: HateAid (2021), 48 pp.
Harmful Information: Misinformation, Disinformation and Hate Speech in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence. ICRC Initial Findings and Perspectives on Adapting Protection Approaches
Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (2021), 20 pp.
"The present document .. first proposes a working definition of what misinformation, disinformation and hate speech” (MDH) are and how they can be framed conceptually. It then explains why MDH is of such significant concern to the ICRC and the wider humanitarian sector. Next, it outlines the key c
...
Combatiendo la manipulación de información: Un manual para las elecciones
National Democratic Institute (NDI); International Republican Institute (IRI); Stanford Internet Observatory (2021), 65 pp.
Combating Information Manipulation: A Playbook for Elections and Beyond
Key Guidance
National Democratic Institute (NDI); International Republican Institute (IRI); Stanford Internet Observatory (2021), 59 pp.
"The playbook approach consists of how to (1) identify ongoing information manipulation campaigns; (2) develop real-time and short-term responses; and (3) build long-term resilience to information manipulation. While we outline three distinct steps in this playbook, the process for combating informa
...
Resist 2: Counter-Disinformation Toolkit
Key Guidance
Government Communication Service (GCS) (2021), 59 pp.
"This refreshed version of the RESIST toolkit reflects the new realities of the threat that mis- and disinformation poses today. It explores new techniques and tactics, and how organisations can effectively identify, monitor and respond. The toolkit takes a systematic, evidence-based approach for he
...
Social Media Hate Speech Mitigation Field Guide
#defyhatenow (2021), 80 pp.
No Excuse for Abuse: What Social Media Companies Can Do Now to Combat Online Harassment and Empower Users
PEN America (2021), 7 pp.
"To ensure that social media becomes safer, more open, and more equitable for all users, platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram must prioritize curbing online harassment. In this report, PEN America proposes concrete, actionable changes that social media companies should make immediately to
...
Let Free Media Thrive: Stories of Impact of the Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists
Paris: UNESCO (2021), 18 pp.
"The collection of stories presented here aims to highlight the impact of the MDP's (Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists) MDP’s actions over the course of this challenging year. Through testimonies from beneficiaries and partners who aspire to improve freedom o
...
Combating Disinformation in the Arab World. Case Study: The COVID-19 Pandemic
Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism (ARIJ); Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2021), 43 pp.
"In this paper, ARIJ proposes the following recommendations which target the greater media community. This includes media institutions concerned with the press, unions, press unions and donors who support this venture. We maintain that disinformation is a product of a social and political environmen
...
Renforcer la résilience communautaire et la désinformation dans les régions du nord et du centre, Mali (Tabale Kunkan)
Search for Common Ground (2021), 56 pp.
"L’étude de base du projet « Renforcer la résilience communautaire et la désinformation dans les régions du nord et du centre du Mali intitulé “Tabalé Kunkan’’ a pour but d’établir la situation de référence du projet à partir de laquelle les progrès seront mesurés. Elle a util
...
How freelance journalists can battle mis- and disinformation in news
Freelance Journalism Assembly; European Journalism Centre (2021), 4 pp.
"As a freelance journalist, you will often work independently or outside of a newsroom. Sharpening your fact-checking and verification skills is vital to protect both you and your stories from mis- and disinformation. Knowing the networks and resources you can turn to for help means you’re not alo
...
Disinformation Toolkit 2.0: How Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations Can Combat Harmful Mis- and Disinformation
Key Guidance
InterAction (2021), 49 pp.
"This report includes framing context to strategically understand and respond to disinformation in the aid sector (part 1), followed by three separate but linked sets of analyses, recommendations, and tools (parts 2, 3, and 4) spanning core perspectives relevant to InterAction Member organizations.
...
How to Counter Disinformation: 10 Strategic Demands
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2021), 8 pp.
"1 Words matter: Use the correct terms
2 Images and emotions: Understanding the entire range of disinformation
3 Creating structures for the digital education of every age group
4 Securing the freedom of expression: Smart regulation against overblocking
5 A modern constitutional state
6 Focus on tec
...
Information Saves Lives: Tackling Rumors, Myths and Misinformation in the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Arcata, Calif.; Washington, DC: Internews; USAID (2021), 24 pp.
"In the Eastern DRC where the 10th Ebola epidemic was coming to an end, the advent of COVID-19 raised additional concern of dealing with two major health emergencies at the same time with implications for effective audience engagement, and compliance to public health measures. These concerns came ag
...
Counter-Terrorism, Social Media and the Regulation of Extremist Content
In: Counter-Terrorism: The Ethical Issues
Seumas Miller, Adam Henschke, Jonas Feltes (eds.)
Edward Elgar Publishing (2021), pp. 116-128
"As highlighted above, the development and refinement of counter-terrorism policies and practices by social media and technology companies has come about as a function of the evolving nature of terrorist and extremist entities’ exploitation of said platforms. The challenges highlighted above, name
...
Addressing Hate Speech on Social Media: Contemporary Challenges
Paris: UNESCO (2021), 10 pp.
"This discussion paper seeks to give an overview of the key aspects that need to be taken into consideration to address the occurrence of hate speech on social media, be it through concrete regulations by social media companies, counter efforts and legislations or preventive educational measures. Th
...
Trends in combating fake news on social media: A survey
Journal of Information and Telecommunication, volume 5, issue 2 (2021), pp. 247-266
"This study explores the various methods of combating fake news on social media such as Natural Language Processing, Hybrid model. We surmised that detecting fake news is a challenging and complex issue, however, it remains a workable task. Revelation in this study holds that the application of hybr
...
Desinformation: Risiken, Regulierungslücken und adäquate Gegenmaßnahmen
Top Insights
Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW; Hans-Bredow-Institut (2021), 97 pp.
"Auf der Grundlage der identifizierten Schutzlücken erarbeitet das Gutachten mögliche Gegenmaßnahmen und beschreibt die nötigen Wirkungsvoraussetzungen. Die zentrale Frage lautet: Welche Risikopotenziale für individuelle und gesellschaftliche Interessen weist Desinformation auf und welche Gover
...
Disinformation and freedom of opinion and expression: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
Quick Overview
General Assembly United Nations (2021), 20 pp.
"In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression examines the threats posed by disinformation to human rights, democratic institutions and development processes. While acknowledging the complexities and challenges posed
...
