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Key Considerations: Online Information, Mis- and Disinformation in the Context of COVID-19

Nadia Butler

Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) (2020), 8 pp.

"This brief sets out practical considerations relating to flows of information, misinformation and disinformation though online media, particularly social media networks, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It details various types of online media, key players and influencers on social media, a ... more

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Understanding the Infodemic and Misinformation in the Fight Against COVID-19

Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2020), 6 pp.

"Misinformation is false or inaccurate information deliberately intended to deceive. In the context of the current pandemic, it can greatly affect all aspects of life, especifically people’s mental health, since searching for COVID-19 updates on the Internet has jumped 50% –70% across all genera ... more

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How to Talk to Friends and Family who Share Misinformation: An Election Tip Sheet

PEN America (2020), 2 pp.

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Introducing Vigilant Audiences

Daniel Trottier, Rashid Gabdulhakov, Qian Huang (eds.)

Cambridge: Open Book Publishers (2020), xiii, 342 pp.

"The authors engage with a range of cross-disciplinary perspectives in order to explore the actions of a vigilant digital audience — denunciation, shaming, doxing — and to consider the role of the press and other public figures in supporting or contesting these activities. In turn, the volume il ... more

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Lügen, Hass und Desinformation: Lateinamerika in postfaktischen Zeiten

Perspectivas (Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung), issue 6 (2020), 36 pp.

"In Lateinamerika haben Politiker wie Bolsonaro in Brasilien oder Bukele in El Salvador die Präsidentschaftswahlen nicht zuletzt durch ihre Abgrenzung vom politischen Establishment gewonnen, ungeachtet dessen, dass auch sie schon lange zu diesem von ihnen so diskreditierten Politikbetrieb gehören. ... more

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Desinformation aufdecken und bekämpfen: Interdisziplinäre Ansätze gegen Desinformationskampagnen und für Meinungspluralität

Martin Steinebach, Katarina Bader, Lars Rinsdorf, Nicole Krämer, Alexander Roßnagel (eds.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 217 pp.

"Was macht Desinformation im deutschsprachigen Internet aus? Wie wirkt Desinformation? Wie kann sie mithilfe technischer Mittel erkannt werden? Was kann und könnte mit regulatorischen und rechtlichen Maßnahmen gegen Desinformation getan werden? Aus den Erkenntnissen von Journalistik, Medienpsychol ... more

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Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation: How AI Changes the Way Disinformation is Produced, Disseminated, and Can be Countered in Security and Human Rights

Katarina Kertysova

Security and Human Rights, volume 29, issue 1/4 (2020), pp. 55-81

"This article explores the challenges and opportunities presented by advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of information operations. The article first examines the ways in which AI can be used to counter disinformation online. It then dives into some of the limitations of AI solut ... more

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Assessing Digital Threats to Democracy, and Workable Solutions: A Review of the Recent Literature

Kathleen Kuehn, Leon A. Salter

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 2589-2610

"Concerns surrounding the threats that digital platforms pose to the functioning of Western liberal democracies have grown since the 2016 U.S. election. Yet despite a preponderance of academic work in this area, the precise nature of these threats, empirical solutions for their redress, and their re ... more

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Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western Balkans and Identifying Ways to Effectively Counter Them

Samuel Greene, Gregory Asmolov, Adam Fagan, Ofer Fridman, Borjan Gjuzelov

Directorate General for External Policies of the Union European Parliament (2020), 101 pp.

"Disinformation is an endemic and ubiquitous part of politics throughout the Western Balkans, without exception. A mapping of the disinformation and counter-dis in for mation landscapes in the region in the period from 2018 through 2020 reveals three key disinformation challenges: external challenge ... more

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Combatting Digital Disinformation: An Evaluation of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation's Disinformation Strategy

Amy O’Hara, Jodi Nelson

Hewlett Foundation (2020), 29 pp.

"The Hewlett Foundation’s decision to add a focus on disinformation to its 2017 US Democracy strategy was motivated by a desire to figure out how best to encourage social media platforms to reduce polarization exacerbated by disinformation.1 The foundation invested in two major efforts to support ... this ambition: a multi-funder partnership with Facebook to create data access for independent researchers to study the impact of social media on democracy and elections; and a grant making portfolio conceived to build an academic field to deepen the understanding of disinformation and identify policy solutions that mitigate its spread and impact on society . We found compelling the suggestion that disinformation is better considered a topic than a coherent field, and that multi-disciplinarity brings richness in framing, methods, and applications. Among Hewlett grantees, scholars self-identify as members of different fields that carry with them important epistemological and philosophical differences. We found evidence that there are perceived gaps between researchers, platforms, journalists, policy makers, civil society and others that obstruct the development of policy solutions. The missing competency among many academics to translate research findings for use, and of the need for tighter connections between scholars and decision makers were additional insights we gained about important gaps in the current landscape. During the two-year grantmaking period, the disinformation portfolio invested in varied policy and academic institutions and supported a diverse group of principal investigators. This is in contrast to the perceptions we heard about the foundation’s lack of a diverse grantee portfolio and approach. We learned from key informants and secondary research that there is an inextricable link between disinformation, racial and social equity and justice. A stronger communication strategy about the foundation team’s approach to diversity, equity and inclusion is warranted, as is a deliberate effort to showcase the work of all their grantees and their distinct perspectives. The foundation’s significant role in creating momentum for this body of work was widely noted, as was the need for continued leadership and support." (Executive summary, page 2-3) more

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Cómo combatir la desinformación: Estrategias de empoderamiento de la ciudadanía digital

Nicole Harper, Debora Albu, Janaina Costa, Thayane Guimarães

Barcelona: Digital Future Society (2020), 67 pp.

"Partiendo de la premisa de que se puede y se debe empoderar a la ciudadanía si se mejora la producción, el consumo y la circulación de la información, este informe analiza en profundidad dos cuestiones: ¿Qué instrumentos, iniciativas y políticas actuales ayudan a la ciudadanía a formarse un ... more

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The Role of Social Media in Mali and its Relation to Violent Extremism: A Youth Perspective

Elise Vermeersch, Julie Coleman, Méryl Demuynck, Elena Dal Santo

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI); International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT) (2020), 14 pp.

"Data, including information collected by the MERIT project, demonstrates that social media and social messaging are powerful tools in Mali, and have the potential to both positively and negatively impact society, particularly in relation to violent extremism. Malian youth use social media and messa ... more

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Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity
Key Guidance

Daniel Arnaudo, Bret Barrowman, Julia Brothers, Lisa Reppell, Victoria Scott, Amy Studdart, Kip Wainscott, Vera Zakem

Consortium for Elections and Political Process Strengthening (CEPPS); USAID (2020), [345 pp.]

"This resource combines the collective wisdom of organizations on the front lines of combatting disinformation globally. This living project provides an outline of what’s being done to address the challenge in key areas and provides a searchable database of the organizations around the world engag ... more

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Countering Fake News: A Comparison of Possible Solutions Regarding User Acceptance and Effectiveness

Jan Kirchner, Christian Reuter

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, issue CSCW2, Article 140 (2020), 27 pp.

"This work takes a user-centered approach on means to counter identified mis- and disinformation in social media. We conduct a three-step study design on how approaches in social media should be presented to respect the users’ needs and experiences and how effective they are. As our first step, in ... more

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Smart prevention: Digitale Ansätze aus dem Sektor Frieden und Sicherheit für die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
Inspiring Practice

Timo Weinacht (coord.)

Bonn, Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2020), 81 pp.

"Wie können digitale Ansätze zu Frieden und Sicherheit beitragen? Die technische Revolution macht es erforderlich, dass die wichtigsten Akteure vor Ort und weltweit zusammenarbeiten, um dafür Lösungen zu entwickeln, auszuprobieren und zu verbreiten. Gleichzeitig geht es auch darum, damit verbund ... more

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Developing a Civil Society Response to Online Manipulation

Carl Miller, Chloe Colliver

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2020), 30 pp.

"This document presents a vision for a grand, civil societal response to online manipulation: developing the capability to detect it; the coalitions to confront it, the strategies to prevent it, and the structures of cooperation and funding that are needed to do both across all the causes and issues ... more

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Objectively Engaged Journalism: An Ethic

Stephen J. A. Ward

Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press (2020), 288 pp.

"A timely call for a new ethic of journalism engagement for today's troubled media sphere, Objectively Engaged Journalism argues that media should be neither neutral nor partisan but engaged in protecting egalitarian democracy. It shows how journalists, professional or citizen, can be both objective ... more

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Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives
Key Guidance

Paul Butcher, Alberto-Horst Neidhardt

Brussels: European Policy Centre (2020), 51 pp.

"This Issue Paper examines nearly 1,500 news articles from four EU member states (Germany, Italy, Spain and the Czech Republic) published between May 2019 and July 2020. It shows that disinformation narratives about migration seek to exploit readers’ fears to polarise public opinion, manufacture d ... more

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Russian Propaganda Hits its Mark: Experimentally Testing the Impact of Russian Propaganda and Counter-Interventions

Todd C. Helmus, James V. Marrone et al.

Santa Monica: RAND Corporation (2020), xv, 86 pp.

"Given the size and scope of the Russian propaganda campaign that targeted the U.S. electorate in 2016, it is critical to understand both the impact of that campaign and the mechanisms that can reduce the impact of future campaigns. This report, the third in a four-part series, describes a study con ... more

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Social Media Hate Speech Mitigation: Ethiopia Field Guide

r0g_agency for open culture and critical transformation (2020), 47 pp.

Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity Key Guidance

Smart prevention: Digitale Ansätze aus dem Sektor Frieden und Sicherheit für die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit Inspiring Practice

Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives Key Guidance

Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity
Key Guidance

Smart prevention: Digitale Ansätze aus dem Sektor Frieden und Sicherheit für die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
Inspiring Practice

Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives
Key Guidance