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Final Evaluation for ‘Communicating for Peace in South Sudan: A Social and Behaviour Change Communication Initiative’, Bor, Juba and Wau, South Sudan

UNICEF; Search for Common Ground; Forcier Consulting (2016), viii, 54 pp.

"Project locations experienced general improvement with regards to social cohesion and conflict resolution. This was particularly the case in Wau, where results were encouraging. In contrast, Bor continued to feature more negative results than other project locations, although the county saw importa ... more

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Gender in the Belarusian Media Landscape

Elena Jerzdeva

Stockholm: Fojo Media Institute (2016), 45 pp.

"In Belarus more than 70 percent of those working in the media are women. The number of women producing media content is increasing. Women are well represented in middle management positions, but men still dominate positions at the highest level, with the highest wages. Journalism is a low-income pr ... more

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Syrian Refugee Journalists Leaving ... To Tell the Tale

Mansour Omari

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2016), 16 pp.

"After the Syrian uprising morphed into an armed struggle, the Syrian government increasingly lost control over vast areas of territory. With the loss of State control, its imposed rule on media faded, enabling media to flourish in those areas. In territories it still controlled, its grip became eve ... more

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Assessing Sustainability of Rural Community Radio in Kenya: A Case of Radio Mangelete

Doreen Nekesa Busolo, Samuel Ngigi

New Media and Mass Communication, issue 53 (2016), pp. 23-32

"Rural communities rely on radio for communication and community radio remains the most accessible medium of communication. Rural community radio is the voice of the unprivileged members of the society. In Kenya, community radio stations are growing rapidly and extensively. Radio Mang’elete has be ... more

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Citoyenneté numérique: Ce que l’Afrique prépare. Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, République démocratique du Congo, Ghana, Madagascar, Sénégal

Cédric Kalonji, Philippe Couve, Julien Le Bot

Paris: CFI Coopération Médias (2016), 39 pp.

"L’approfondissement des pratiques démocratiques dans les pays étudiés passe non seulement par le renforcement des capacités des médias et des journalistes, pour qu’ils puissent s’emparer pleinement des outils numériques, mais aussi par la montée en puissance d’un grand nombre de nouv ... more

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‘It is a Crime to be Abusive Towards the President’: A Case Study on Media Freedom and Journalists’ Autonomy in Museveni's Uganda

Michael Meyen, Anke Fiedler, Kerem Schamberger

African Journalism Studies, volume 37, issue 3 (2016), pp. 1-18

"Using the case of the hybrid media system of Uganda and Schimank’s approach of agent-structure dynamics, this article argues that media freedom and journalists’ autonomy first and foremost depend on society’s expectations of the media system. Closely linked to those informal structures of exp ... more

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Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement durch Community Radios: Chancen und Grenzen partizipativer Medienarbeit in Südafrika

Esther Dorn-Fellermann

Konstanz; München: UVK (2016), 367 pp.

"Partizipative Medienarbeit führt nicht automatisch zu einem demokratieorientierten Programm. In Abhängigkeit von den Rahmenbedingungen ist dieses manchmal nur schwer zu realisieren. Comrnunity Radios sollte daher nicht per se eine demokratiefördemde Wirkung zugesprochen werden. Vielmehr sollte e ... more

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Shape shifting in the conflict zone: The strategic performance of gender in war reporting

Lindsay Palmer, Jad Melki

Journalism Studies, volume 19, issue 1 (2016), pp. 126-142

"The war journalist is often portrayed as a ruggedly masculine individual who survives on hard work, self-sufficiency, and heroic dedication to the truth in a stoic culture and dangerous environment. Yet, the growing number of female war journalists subtly complicates this traditional narrative. Fem ... more

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Block Her Entry, Keep Her Down and Push Her Out: Gender Discrimination and Women Journalists in the Arab World

Jad P. Melki, Sarah E. Mallat

Journalism Studies, volume 17, issue 1 (2016), pp. 57-79

"This study examines why female journalists in an Arab country continue to be marginalized. It hypothesized that a set of interrelated factors, pertaining to gender discrimination, sexual harassment, and the lack of a legally and socially enabling environment, work together to systematically discour ... more

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How the Bangladeshi Media Use the RTI Act for Free and Qualitative Reporting: Asessment Report

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC); Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI) (2016), 17 pp.

"The study finds an overall positive attitude about the benefits of the RTI Act and potentials of its use by the journalists as an effective tool for producing quality in-depth and investigative reports. An opinion prevails that the act has already created some good examples of curbing corruption an ... more

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The Truth Between the Lines: Conceptualization of Trust in News Media in Serbia, Macedonia, and Croatia

Ivanka Pjesivac, Katerina Spasovska, Iveta Imre

Mass Communication & Society, volume 19, issue 3 (2016), pp. 323-351

"This study explored, by comparative thematic analysis, the conceptualization of trust in news media in Serbia, Macedonia, and Croatia - three countries of Eastern Europe where past oppressive regimes might have left a heritage of distrust in all institutions. The analysis of 61 in-depth interviews ... more

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We’ve Raised Their Voice. Is Anyone Listening? Participatory Video Practitioners and Valued Citizen Voice in International Development Contexts

Tamara Plush

Doctoral Thesis University of Queensland (2016), xviii, 259 pp.

"This thesis offers a study on the nuanced understandings of and the interplay between participatory video (PV), citizen voice and international development. The study investigates contemporary PV practitioners’ conceptualisations of the phenomenon of using PV to raise citizen voice in internation ... al development contexts. The study participants were 25 global PV practitioners who had experience on more than 650 PV projects. Of those projects, approximately 250 specifically aimed to raise the voice of excluded groups in international development contexts. Through investigating the PV practitioners’ perceptions of the phenomenon, the study identified three distinct epistemologies relevant to PV practice and raising citizen voice. The study called these the amplified, engaged and equitable voice pathways. Making the three categories explicit is of critical value to the PV field. They provide a language and theoretical grounding for why certain PV approaches may be more effective than others for social and/or political change. Of the three pathways, the research ultimately deemed equitable voice as the most viable for citizen voice to be both authentically representative and respectively valued in decision-making spaces. Accordingly, the study drew from scholarship and the characteristics within the equitable voice pathway to develop a conceptual framework for raising valued citizen voice with PV. The framework offers five key principles; named as personal recognition, collective representation, social and political recognition, responsive listening and empathic relationships. While having a framework is valuable for PV practice, the study also recognised that a conceptual framework in itself is often insufficient. Its viability requires an enabling environment for meaningful application. Thus, the research also identified six institutional views of PV practice in international development contexts with potential to diminish voice. It named them as the output-focused, voice opportunity, apolitical, agenda-led, harmless and uncomplicated views. These were views the PV practitioners in the study described as constraining their ideals in practice. The views ranged from institutions prioritising PV film outputs over political dialogue to institutions setting agendas with potential to suppress authentic citizen voice. The study interrogated the identified institutional views to discover their differing possibilities for legitimising or limiting citizen voice. The thesis concludes by encouraging three areas of consideration for participatory video to enhance citizen voice in democratic decision-making processes. First, it proposes deliberate attention on strengthening voice representation and voice receptivity in PV activities to reduce social and political inequity. Second, it promotes recognition of how political and institutional environments influence PV’s ability to raise citizen voice sufficiently. Third, it suggests greater reflection on how PV practitioners’ conceptualisations of voice affect citizen voice outcomes; and how practitioners might use their own agency to ensure meaningful change. Such forethought and action expands possibilities for PV practice to support citizen voice in being heard, valued and influential." (Abstract) more

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South Sudan: Communication with Communities - Gaps and Needs Analysis. Disasters and Emergencies Preparedness Program, Baseline Study

Forcier Consulting; Internews; USAID (2016), vi, 52 pp.

"The Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Programme (DEPP), established by the Communicating with Disaster Affected Communities (CDAC) Network, focuses on establishing accountability on the part of emergency response actors in South Sudan to the affected population they serve. This baseline addresses ... more

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The Political Role of the Media in the Democratisation of Malawi: The Case of the 'Weekend Nation' from 2002 to 2012

Anthony Mavuto Gunde

Stellenbosch: Doctoral Thesis Stellenbosch University (2015), xv, 239 pp.

"This study investigated the political role of the Weekend Nation newspaper in the democratisation of Malawi between 2002 and 2012 within the context of its foundational and ownership structures by a politician. Bearing in mind that the newspaper was founded by a politician belonging to the first de ... more

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Social Communication Formation in Seminaries and Schools of Theology: An Investigation

Virgilio F. Ciudadano

Manila: Logos (Divine Word) Publications (2015), 168 pp.

"This ‘Investigation’ on Pastoral Communication programs of seven Seminaries or Theological Schools in Metro Manila reflects the situation and challenges for priestly formation in this field. The results are consolidated with some 230 questionnaires from participating seminarians and interviews ... more

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Gender in the Myanmar Media Landscape. First Study: Yangon and Beyond

Dilrukshi Handunnetti

Stockholm: Fojo Media Institute (2015), 30 pp.

"Although female media practitioners are well-represented in newsrooms making up for over 50% of staff on average, media institutions remain male dominated on levels of decision making. This results in two main challenges for women within the industry: a lack of opportunity to advance their careers ... more

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Journalists' Perceptions of Nomenklatura Networks and Media Ownership in Post-Communist Bulgaria

Lada Trifonova Price

Medijske Studije / Media Studies, volume 6, issue 11 (2015), pp. 19-33

"This article discusses the role of the former communist party elite (the nomenklatura) in the Bulgarian post-communist media landscape in relation to media ownership and the origin of media outlets’ capital. The spotlight is on Bulgarian journalists’ perceptions examined through semi-structured ... more

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Making Secondary Trauma a Primary Issue: A Study of Eyewitness Media and Vicarious Trauma on the Digital Frontline

Sam Dubberley, Elizabeth Griffin, Haluk Mert Bal

Istanbul: Eyewitness Media Hub (2015), 69 pp.

"The rapid and incredible growth of eyewitness media (also known as user-generated content or UGC) has led to the emergence of a new cadre of journalists, humanitarian and human rights professionals whose job it is to seek out, verify and edit the most disturbing and traumatic raw images captured by ... non professionals and posted online. These professionals are tasked with viewing and sifting through massive volumes of eyewitness media - that is, raw, unedited, authentic footage now captured regularly on smartphones - to enhance their investigations, reporting, operations, prosecutions and advocacy. Professionals who work with eyewitness media watch disturbing footage from war zones, natural and manmade disasters and accidents over and over again to verify its veracity and to edit out images that are deemed too extreme for viewing by the general public. Viewing traumatic images of death, destruction, blood and unimaginable horrors all day every day - often for years on end - is now an integral part of the daily work of many desk-bound staff working for news, human rights and humanitarian organisations who are often located thousands of miles away from where the actual horrors occur. Whether it is a broadcaster, publisher, human rights or humanitarian professional, symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are now evident amongst staff working in offices on what we call the digital frontline. This study builds upon previous research that proved that viewing distressing eyewitness media can lead psychological injury, including, but not restricted to, such conditions as PTSD and major depression. The principle aim of this research is to explore the following questions: How much distressing eyewitness media are professionals, who work in the three professional sectors, watching? How frequently, and in what volumes are professionals viewing distressing eyewitness media? What kinds of eyewitness media do professionals find particularly distressing?" What coping mechanisms, if any, have been developed by staff to help mitigate the potentially negative effects of viewing distressing content? - What support, if any, do professionals receive from their organisations and senior managers? - Does organisational culture encourage or prevent professionals from requesting support from their organisation’s hierarchy? What training and preparation is provided to raise awareness of or mitigate the adverse impact of trauma exposure on university graduates, newcomers and those established in post? What resources do organisations provide to prevent, mitigate and treat the adverse impact of trauma exposure? Which of those resources have been used? Which are found to be the most useful? What do staff who experience vicarious trauma need and expect from their organisations in order to support them? Based on an online survey (to which we received 209 responses from people working with eyewitness media across all three professional sectors) and 38 in-depth, anonymous interviews we find that: the impact of eyewitness media on journalism, human rights and humanitarian work means that the frontline is no longer geographic. A new type of frontline has emerged that is digital. Staff at an organisation’s headquarters who work with eyewitness media do so daily and often see more horror on a daily basis compared to their counterparts deployed in the field. Consequently, organisations have a duty of care towards office based staff working on the digital frontline who are at serious risk of vicarious trauma and PTSD [...] " (Executive summary, page 3-5) more

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"These Grey Areas": How and Why Freelance Work Blurs INGOs and News Organizations

Kate Wright

Journalism Studies, volume 17, issue 8 (2015), pp. 989-1009

"International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) are known to employ freelancers to produce multimedia and to pitch it for them to mainstream news outlets. So it seems odd that research about the blurring of news organizations and INGOs has been largely focused upon the practices of full-time s ... more

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Radio silence: Burundi’s media during the 2015 election crisis

Michelle Betz

International Media Support (IMS) (2015), 19 pp.

"This desk study was commissioned by International Media Support (IMS) for the purposes of providing information to colleagues in the media support sector and to donors so that they may be better informed when devising and deciding on appropriate intervention strategies [...] Research for this repor ... more