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Society and the Internet: How Networks of Information and Communication Are Changing Our Lives

Mark Graham, William H. Dutton (eds.)

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd ed. (2019), xxx, 438 pp.

"How is society being reshaped by the continued diffusion and increasing centrality of the Internet in everyday life and work? Society and the Internet provides key readings for students, scholars, and anyone with a serious interest in understanding the interactions of the Internet and society. Spaw ... more

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Mapping Responses to Social Media Threats

Lisa Schirch

Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2019), 17 pp.

"This report identifies social media threats - surveillance, addiction, disinformation, polarisation, dangerous speech - on social cohesion, human rights, violence and democracy and then identifies creative options for addressing those threats through: building a better bridge between offline dialog ... more

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Social Media Literacy, Ethnicity and Peacebuilding in Kenya

Fredrick Ogenga

Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2019), 14 pp.

"Kenya has experienced a cycle of political violence following a series of controversial elections that have centred on ethnic competition, leading to human rights abuses, deaths, destruction of property and a downward economic spiral. At the core of election violence, witnessed in 2007/8 and in 201 ... more

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The Use of Social Media in Colombian Democratic Spaces: A Double-Edged Sword

Diana Dajer

Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2019), 27 pp.

"The world is flooded with news of how social media is being used to influence democracy in conflict-affected areas, for better or worse. Colombia is not an exception. The era of social media brings opportunities and challenges to a broad range of stakeholders in this country, to harness the power o ... more

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Social Media Activism in Egyptian Television Drama: Encoding the Counter-Revolution Narrative

Gianluca P. Parolin

Middle East Critique, volume 28, issue 2 (2019), pp. 143-160

"Egyptian Ramadan TV series have explored the relationship between law and television in a number of iterations over the past few years. In 2017, the most watched production (115 million views on YouTube), Kalabsh, went one step further by examining the interaction between television broadcasting an ... more

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Social Media and Politics in Africa: Democracy, Censorship and Security
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Maggie Dwyer, Thomas Molony (eds.)

London: Zed Books (2019), xiii, 299 pp.

"Drawing on over a dozen new empirical case studies – from Kenya to Somalia, South Africa to Tanzania – this collection explores how rapidly growing social media use is reshaping political engagement in Africa. But while social media has often been hailed as a liberating tool, the book demonstra ... more

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Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft: Zentrale Problemfelder und Forschungsperspektiven

Jeanette Hofmann, Norbert Kersting, Claudia Ritzi, Wolf J. Schünemann (eds.)

Bielefeld: transcript (2019), 329 pp.

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Social Media in Africa: An Emerging Force for Autocrats and Activists

Geoffrey York

In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond

Allan Thompson (ed.)

Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 415-430

"The most extreme damage inflicted by social media can be seen in South Sudan. As documented in the chapter by Theo Dolan, social media in South Sudan has contributed to hatred and conflict among ethnic groups. Many investigators, including UN investigators, have warned that South Sudan's social med ... ia are triggering violence against ethnic groups. Since the beginning of the civil war in late 2013, social media has fuelled waves of hate speech that have provoked deadly violence and ethnic conflict in South Sudan, including massacres and other atrocities. In that sense, social media has become a new variation of the "hate radio" phenomenon that flourished in Rwanda before and during the 1994 genocide … Social media is also emerging as a powerful way to harass and intimidate the opponents of a regime or a political party. In this sense, it adds another weapon to the arsenal of a powerful regime that already has multiple weapons at its disposal. A regime can mobilize its supporters to use social media in a targeted way against its foes, or it can use its financial resources to create a fake army of fictional users on social media. In either case, it is tilting the playing field against its enemies. A targeted attack through social media can be more effective than the telephone threats or messages often deployed in the past. The use of social media can be more intimidating because it belittles the targeted person in front of a much bigger audience. The presence of this audience means that the attack is more damaging, more difficult to ignore and has the potential to mobilize large numbers of people against the victim … While social media is often used for anti-democratic purposes in Africa's authoritarian states, it has also been used as a force for reform, accountability and justice. It has helped to safeguard the fairness of elections. It has allowed greater scrutiny of potential threats, such as vote-rigging or violence, allowing citizens to be alerted when there is still a chance to prevent the worst abuses. It has put a spotlight on corruption and political wrongdoing, allowing activists to mobilize pressure on governments to resolve these long-neglected problems. In some cases, as it did in the Arab Spring, social media has played a role in toppling an authoritarian state. When an election was called in the small West African state of Gambia, where the dictator Yahya Jammeh had ruled for 22 years, opposition candidates had little access to state-controlled media. So the main opposition party created more than a dozen WhatsApp groups, allowing it to communicate with voters. Other forms of social media also proliferated. A leading independent group, the Gambia Youth and Women's Forum, discussed election issues on a public Facebook group with 55,000 members. The government blocked access to WhatsApp and eventually extended the shutdown to the entire internet, but Gambians used virtual private network (VPN) technology to bypass the shutdown. The opposition won the election and Jammeh was forced to flee the country." (Pages 419-423) more

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Digital Threats to Democracy

Marianne Elliott, Jess Berentson-Shaw, Kathleen Kuehn, Leon Salter, Ella Brownlie

The Workshop; Law Foundation; Luminate Foundation (2019), 244 pp.

"At the heart of the challenges to democracy posed by digital media are three core problems: 1. Platform monopolies: two or three corporations control not only our means of communication, but also the content which is distributed, both of which are core aspects of our democracy. Whilst the market po ... more

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Ciudadanos reemplazados por algoritmos

Néstor García Canclini

Bielefeld: Bielefeld University Press; Centro Maria Sibylla Merian de Estudios Latinoamericanos Avanzados en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (CALAS) (2019), 174 pp.

"Nuestras opiniones y comportamientos, capturados por algoritmos, quedan subordinados a corporaciones globalizadas. El espacio público se vuelve opaco y lejano. La desciudadanización se radicaliza, mientras algunos sectores se reinventan y ganan batallas parciales. Pero los usos neoliberales de la ... more

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China’s New Media Dilemma: The Profit in Online Dissent

Louisa Chiang

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2019), 24 pp.

"Drawing from often overlooked sources of evidence, this report shows that China’s homegrown social media platforms have responded to market incentives by subtly shielding users from certain forms of online censorship and repression. Meanwhile, the party confronts rising costs—both economicall ... more

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Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: How the Internet Era is Transforming Kenya

Nanjala Nyabola

London: Zed Books (2018), xxiv, 273 pp.

"Explores the drastic efforts being made by elites to contain online activism, as well as how ‘fake news’, a failed digital vote-counting system and the incumbent president’s recruitment of Cambridge Analytica contributed to tensions around the 2017 elections. Reframing digital democracy from ... more

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Cyber-Spaces

Gerard McCarthy

In: Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Myanmar

Adam Simpson, Nicholas Farrelly, Ian Holliday (eds.)

London: Routledge (2018), pp. 92-105

"This chapter focuses on the role of Myanmar's fastest growing form of media—social media—in formulating notions of citizenship and nation amid Myanmar's transition. It begins with an overview of the history of mobile and internet access in Myanmar. The chapter explores the new social and politi ... more

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Politics and Social Media in China

Lars Wilnat, Lu Wei, Jason A. Martin

In: Routledge Handbook of Chinese Media

Gary D. Rawnsley, Ming-Yeh T. Rawnsley (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2018), pp. 181-202

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The Digital Natives Are Coming! How Social Media Are Changing Political Discourse in Kenya

Jan Cernicky, Antonie Hutter

KAS International Reports, issue 1 (2018), pp. 38-47

"Many factors seem to be coming together in Kenya that can pave the way towards a free, dynamic internet as a space for social and democratic freedoms. On the other hand, the newly re-elected government already exhibited authoritarian tendencies in the last legislative period and indicated – immed ... more

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Der politische Mythos von sozialen Medien als liberalem Cyberspace und freier Online-Meinungsäußerung in Vietnam

Bui Hai Thiem

In: Vietnam: Mythen und Wirklichkeiten

Jörg Wischermann, Gerhard Will (eds.)

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2018), pp. 212-234

"Während viele Bürgerinnen und Bürger sowie Beobachter große Hoffnungen hegen, die sozialen Medien könnten ein wirksames Instrument sein, um soziale Bewegungen zu Themen wie Ungleichheit, Ungerechtigkeit und Umwelt in Gang zu setzen, ist es zuweilen schwierig, die massenhaften Reaktionen in den ... more

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Online Activism in Politically Restricted Central Asia: A Comparative Review of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan

Bahtiyar Kurambayev

In: Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change

Jan Servaes (ed.)

Singapore: Springer (2018), pp. 961-976

"This comparative study examined the Internet’s role and wider social media in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, three Central Asian countries in the democratization process. Specifically, this work aims to discuss how the Internet and social media are allowing Internet users wider opportuni ... more

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Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics

Yochai Benkler, Robert Faris, Hal Roberts

New York, NY: Oxford University Press (2018), ix, 462 pp.

"Analysing millions of news stories together with Twitter and Facebook shares, broadcast television and YouTube, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the architecture of contemporary American political communications. Through data analysis and detailed qualitative case studies of coverage o ... more

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Ciudadanía digital & democracia participativa

Francisco Sierra Caballero, Salvador Leetoy, Tommaso Gravante (eds.)

Salamanca: Comunicación Social; CLACSO (2018), 252 pp.

"Ciudadanía digital y democracia participativa trata de describir experiencias concretas y procesos de apropiación y rebelión frente al actual statu quo tecnocrático a través de dos ejes conceptuales claramente definidos:--Propuestas teóricas y analíticas para el estudio de la Ciudadanía Dig ... more

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Die informierte Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde: Warum die Digitalisierung unsere Demokratie gefährdet

Stephan Ruß-Mohl

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2018), 367 pp.

Social Media and Politics in Africa: Democracy, Censorship and Security Top Insights

Social Media and Politics in Africa: Democracy, Censorship and Security
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