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How to lose the information war: Russia, fake news, and the future of conflict

Nina Jankowicz

London: Tauris (2020), xxvii, 259 pp.

"Since the start of the Trump era, the United States and the Western world has finally begun to wake up to the threat of online warfare and the attacks from Russia. The question no one seems to be able to answer is: what can the West do about it? Central and Eastern European states, however, have be ... more

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Russian Dominance on Moldovan Media Market Prevails

Hendrik Sittig, Darija Fabijanic

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2020), 3 pp.

"Due to its Soviet past, the Russian influence in the Republic of Moldova is still very significant. The country is divided between European integration and Russian convergence. After the government of the pro-European coalition ACUM leaded by Maia Sandu and the pro-Russian Party of Socialists (PSRM ... more

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Opinion-Formation and Issue-Framing Effects of Russian News in Kyrgyzstan

Hannah S. Chapman, Theodore P. Gerber

International Studies Quarterly, volume 63, issue 3 (2019), pp. 756-769

"Powerful countries use foreign media broadcasts to enhance their soft power, yet there is scant empirical evidence as to whether such efforts actually sway public opinion abroad. Moreover, researchers have not specified conditions that may shape variations in the influence of foreign broadcasts and ... more

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The Dark Double: US Media, Russia, and the Politics of Values

Andrei P. Tsygankov

Oxford: Oxford University Press (2019), xv, 160 pp.

"In Dark Double, Andrei P. Tsygankov focuses on the driving power of values and media, in addition to political and economic interests, in structuring US-Russia relations. By analyzing mainstream US newspapers and other media sources, Tsygankov identifies five media narratives involving Russia since ... more

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Panorama de la presse centafricaine: Entre pauvreté et politique d'influence

Saber Jendoubi

Paris: Ifri (2019), 21 pp.

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Anti-Western Propaganda

Tamar Kintsurashvili

Tblisi: Media Development Foundation (MDF); UN Association of Georgia; USAID (2018), 38 pp.

"As many as 1,967 anti-Western comments were detected in the 17 monitored media outlets in 2017. In contrast to 2016 and 2015, when negative messages targeted human identity and rights, in 2017, a dominant topic was the foreign policy with the messages aimed at increasing the polarization on the for ... eign policy orientation of the country. This change in the strategic communication of pro-Kremlin actors shows that “loss of identity” was a rather tactical message that prepared the ground, while the messaging aimed at demonizing Georgia’s strategic partners (USA, NATO, EU) is of strategic nature. The United States of America accounted for the highest share of negative comments (25.9%), up by almost three times as compared to the previous year, followed by NATO (18,4%) and the West (14,1%). Compared to 2016, messages against the European Union have almost doubled (13.4%) whereas the comments about the loss of identity and human rights in anti-Western context have almost halved (12.9%). Comments against nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and the US philanthropist George Soros have trebled, as compared to 2016, and comprised 7.3%; this increase can be explained by a stepped up activity of far-right groups and their campaign to smear Open Society Georgia Foundation. Yet another change as compared to the previous years were clearer messages showcasing Russia as an alternative to the West and idealizing the Soviet system (7.2%). Comments against Great Britain (0,8%) have been mainly detected in two pro-Kremlin online media outlets – Georgia and the World, and Sakinformi. Alike previous years, the main source of anti-Western messages was media (827), followed by politicians (463), society (411), civil organizations (230) and the clergy (37). The structure of the Kremlin narrative in the Georgian discourse consists of three stages and aims at: 1. Creating threats; 2. Sowing distrust towards partners and Western institutions; 3. Ingraining a belief that Russia is the only option in fighting against the threats and that authoritative/Soviet-style governance is necessary. Four major threats were emphasized by pro-Kremlin actors: threat of war; threat of loss of territories; threat of bio subversion; threat of loss of identity." (Key findings, page 7) more

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Soviet Subversion, Disinformation and Propaganda: How the West Fought Against it. An Analytic History, with Lessons for the Present

Nicholas J. Cull, Vasily Gatov, Peter Pomerantsev, Anne Applebaum, Alistair Shawcross

London: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) (2017), 7 pp.

"What were Soviet influence and disinformation campaigns? What did the West do about them? This study answers these questions, explaining the Cold War strategies followed by the USSR, as well as the Western response. Eleven case studies follow, each one examining a counter-disinformation tactic in d ... more

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Fake News: The Narrative Battle Over the Ukrainian Conflict

irina Khaldarova, Mervi Pantti

Journalism Practice, volume 10, issue 7 (2016), pp. 891-901

"The crisis in Ukraine has accentuated the position of Russian television as the government’s strongest asset in its information warfare. The internet, however, allows other players to challenge the Kremlin’s narrative by providing counter-narratives and debunking distorted information and fake ... more

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Distract, Deceive, Destroy: Putin at War in Syria

Maksymilian Czuperski, John Herbst, Eliot Higgins, Frederic Hof, Ben Nimmo

Washington, DC: Atlantic Council (2016), 24 pp.

"This paper sets out how Russia built up its disinformation campaign, by analyzing what was said and comparing it with what was done. Using open source and social media intelligence (OSSMINT), it exposes the false claims that Russia targeted ISIS or defeated international terrorism. It reveals that, ... more

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The Cyberspace War: Propaganda and Trolling as Warfare Tools

Jessika Aro

European View, volume 15, issue 1 (2015), pp. 121-132

"Russian President Vladimir Putin’s regime has taken control of the traditional media in Russia: TV, radio and newspapers. As Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu has stated, the Kremlin sees the mass media as a ‘weapon’. Now Russia’s leadership is trying to take control of social media to ... more

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The Menace of Unreality: How the Kremlin Weaponizes Information, Culture, and Money

Peter Pomerantsev, Michael Weiß

New York: Institute of Modern Russia; The Interpreter (2014), 44 pp.

"The Kremlin exploits the idea of freedom of information to inject disinformation into society. The effect is not to persuade (as in classic public diplomacy) or earn credibility but to sow confusion via conspiracy theories and proliferate falsehoods. The Kremlin is increasing its “information war ... more

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Renforçons notre unité et solidarité

P. Satyoukov

Le Journaliste Démocratique (Prague), volume 10, issue 3 (1962), pp. 55-57

"Après un aperçu sur la presse en U.R.S.S., l'auteur développe les thèmes suivants: Contacts entre les journalistes de tous les pays — Renforcer la solidarité de tous les journalistes progressistes — La part menée par les journalistes démocratiques dans divers pays, maintenus sous l'oppre ... more