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The Unfreedom Monitor: Tanzania Country Report

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 22 pp.

"Tanzania has exercised authority on digital avenues in three main vital ways: • Surveillance: Data governance in Tanzania has been one area that has had fewer restrictions as there are still laws that adequately speak to things such as data protection and privacy. However, laws such as the Cyberc ... more

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Independent Media Under Pressure: Evidence from Russia

Tom Paskhalis, Bryn Rosenfeld, Katerina Tertytchnaya

Post-Soviet Affairs, volume 38, issue 3 (2022), pp. 155-174

"Existing literature recognizes growing threats to press freedom around the world and documents changes in the tools used to stifle the independent press. However, few studies investigate how independent media respond to state pressure in an autocracy, documenting the impact of tactics that stop sho ... more

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Controlling China’s Digital Ecosystem: Observations on Chinese Social Media

Jennifer Pan

China Leadership Monitor, issue 72 (2022), 10 pp.

"Nowhere is the effort to control the flow of digital information more extensive and sustained than it is in China. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses a wide range of tools and strategies to achieve two related, but distinct, goals of digital information control: to shape public knowledge and to ... more

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The Informational Dictator's Dilemma: Citizen Responses to Media Censorship and Control in Russia and Belarus

Samuel A. Greene

PONARS Eurasia (2022), 9 pp.

"The findings described in this memo strongly suggest that "softer" strategies of media cooptation are more effective than harsher, more coercive approaches to media control. In Russia, where the Kremlin has-until very recently-used a combination of commercial pressure and political influence to pus ... more

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Media and Democratic Backsliding: Lessons from the Turkish Case

Eylem Yanardagoglu

Athens; Berlin: Hellenic Foundation for European & Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP); Centre for Applied Turkey Studies (CATS) (2022), 7 pp.

"In Turkey, the AKP came to power in 2002 at a time marked by a relatively pro-European Union and pluralistic outlook in politics. The democratic backsliding in Turkey has been more obvious since 2007 and the start of the AKP’s second term in power. It deepened especially after the 2016 coup attem ... more

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Is Telegram a “harbinger of Freedom”? The Performance, Practices, and Perception of Platforms as Political Actors in Authoritarian States

Mariëlle Wijermars, Tetyana Lokot

Post-Soviet Affairs, volume 38, issue 1-2 (2022), pp. 125-145

"This paper examines the practices, performance, and perceptions of the messaging platform Telegram as an actor in the 2020 Belarus protests, using publicly available data from Telegram’s public statements, protest-related Telegram groups, and media coverage. Developing a novel conceptualization o ... more

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Human Rights Online in India: Joint Stakeholder Report. Universal Periodic Review, 41st Session - India

Access Now; Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) (2022), 19 pp.

"This joint stakeholder report focuses on key issues relating to human rights online in India, including internet shutdowns, digital exclusion, freedom of speech and expression online, online harassment and hate speech, privacy, surveillance and data protection. The report draws on extensive and ong ... more

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Universal Periodic Review 41st Session – Indonesia (Fourth Cycle). Joint Stakeholder Contribution: Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Religion and Belief, and Digital Rights

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2022), 16 pp.

"In this submission, the Association of Progressive Communications (APC), EngageMedia and Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network (SAFEnet) examine Indonesia's compliance with the recommendations received during the third Universal Periodic Review cycle in 2017. This submission will focus parti ... more

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Universal Periodic Review 41st Session Period – Brazil. Joint Stakeholder Contribution: Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Religion and Belief, and Digital Rights

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2022), 17 pp.

"This submission focuses on Brazil's fulfilment of human rights obligations in the digital context and seeks to strengthen recommendations focused on guaranteeing universal access to the internet in order to enable free expression and association; access to information, knowledge and culture; and th ... more

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What is an Ideal Internet to You? A Global Exploration of Digital Rights Trends

Mardiya Siba Yahaya, Favour Borokini, Meital Kupfer, Neema Iyer, Phillip Ayazika, Phyllis Njoki Macharia

Pollicy (2022), 56 pp.

"This white paper seeks to provide an overview of the core thematic issues around digital rights and digital safety across the world. The content builds off a global mapping exercise of organisations and knowledge, predominantly focused on Africa and the Middle East, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Eas ... more

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Journalists Safety and Media Freedom in Somalia

Mogadishu: Somali Mechanism for Safety of Journalists (SMSJ) (2022), 34 pp.

"In 2021, 105 incidents of media violations were recorded. The violations recorded by SMSJ largely targeted on-duty journalists and included: two cases of murder, 66 arrests, 14 media outlet raids, 14 physical assaults, 13 cases of harassment, and two sham trials. The figures represent an overall 62 ... more

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The Unfreedom Monitor: Data Governance

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 11 pp.

"Data governance is an integral aspect of digital authoritarianism because it incorporates any type of control, authority, and manipulation of data […]. Within the context of digital authoritarianism, data governance may incorporate both states and non-state actors that collaborate with states to ... more

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The "misuse" of the judicial system to attack freedom of expression: Trends, challenges and responses

Rosario Soraide

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 16 pp.

"The gradual trend toward the decriminalization of defamation is slowing down, with 160 states still not having decriminalized defamation. The use of criminal defamation offences to restrict online expression has increased worldwide. Several States have harshened or reintroduced provisions on libel, ... more

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Let Free Media Thrive: Selected Stories of 4 Years of Impact of the Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (2018-2021)

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 18 pp.

"The stories presented here are some examples of how the Multi-Donor Programme for Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) works to provide countries and their populations with the necessary tools to nurture a free and independent media. This includes promoting the adoption of policies ... more

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Mapping of Legal Framework and Responses by Actors to Address Harmful Content Online in Kenya

Caleb Gichuhi, Kate Mytty, Amos Atuya

Build Up (2022), 47 pp.

"This report details the legal framework / rule of law tools in place, and responses by the government, social media companies, and civil society to address illegal harmful content and potentially harmful content online in Kenya. This research draws from 13 interviews with people active in Kenya's g ... more

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Let the Net Work: Internet Shutdowns in India 2022

New Delhi: SFLC (2022), 48 pp.

"The observations made in this report make emphatically clear the failings of the current legal framework in defending human rights in the context of access to the internet. As seen in the report, the disruption of access to the internet is triggered at the most menial of instances, including for re ... more

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Comparing Impacts on Media Freedom in Southeast Asia: Connotative Context Factors in Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand

Melanie Radue

Global Media and Communication, volume 18, issue 2 (2022), pp. 157-179

"Cross-national media freedom comparison is often based on Western-biased indices published by organizations such as Freedom House or Reporters Without Borders. Additionally, Eurocentric analysis and comparison are endorsed by the application of hegemonic media systems models to compare media enviro ... more

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The Global Expression Report 2022: The Intensifying Battle for Narrative Control
Top Insights

London: Article 19 (2022), 75 pp.

"In 2021, the GxR metric registered two of the most dramatic declines ever seen: both Afghanistan and Myanmar dropped more than 30 points, plummeting two categories, as democratic governments were driven out and people were brutally attacked as they resisted the takeover of their governments. Countr ... more

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Telling the Story: Remembering Elisabeth Blanche Olofio

Jules Swinkels

Free Press Unlimited; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ); Reporters Without Borders (2022), 33 pp.

"Elisabeth Blanche Olofio’s reporting exposed local corruption and human rights abuses in the Central African Republic, providing her community with crucial information on the ongoing rebel advance at the time. On 5 January 2013, she was severely beaten, tortured and raped by Séléka rebels in he ... more

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Solidarity and Survival: The Story of South Asia. Sri Lanka Country Report

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2022), 7 pp.

"This document was produced by the IFJ and focuses on the following issues that the media faces in Sri Lanka: The severe economic crisis in the country poses yet another challenge to a media barely recovering from the Covid-19 pandemic; existing issues in the media industry such as poor wages and wo ... more

The Global Expression Report 2022: The Intensifying Battle for Narrative Control Top Insights

The Global Expression Report 2022: The Intensifying Battle for Narrative Control
Top Insights