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All the Sides of Censorship: Online Media Accountability Practices in Pre-Revolutionary Tunisia

Riadh Ferjani

Tampere: Journalism Research and Development Centre University of Tampere (2011), 22 pp.

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Media Accountability Practices Online in Syria: An Indicator for Changing Perceptions of Journalism

Judith Pies, Philip Madanat

Tampere: Journalism Research and Development Centre University of Tampere (2011), 24 pp.

"Media Accountability in Syria is more a question of re-defining the role of media in society than working on transparency practices or establishing self-regulation. This is due to strong state control and the mobilisation role mass media has been playing in Syria for decades. Before opening its med ... ia market for private publications in 2001 Syrian media was controlled either by the state or the ruling Baath party. Media accountability institutions like press councils or ombudspersons were simply not necessary in this concept of media and therefore do not exist. The only professional organisation, the Syrian Journalists Syndicate, did not act as a representative of independent journalists but as a representative of the regime. Additionally, as all journalists and media outlets had to work for more or less the same purpose, norms for guiding individual or organisational decisions – such as a code of ethics – were superfluous. Although these conditions still persist in major parts of the media field, news websites have particularly contributed to a shift in society’s perception of the role of media by paving the way for media accountability practices in the field of responsiveness. Even though instruments for responsiveness might be part of an economic strategy of news websites to enter and survive the news media field, news websites have introduced an audience oriented journalism approach by providing collaborative story writing or possibilities for the audience to comment on news. This is a fundamental change in role perception as mobilising media was merely meant to serve the Baath elite and its ideas. Thus, the audience as a neglected actor of accountability seems to have entered the field. In addition, news websites have added new topics to the traditional news agenda by taking the audience into account, and thus have contributed to holding the media accountable for aspects the old media does not cover. Thus, at least in some cases, media has played the role of being a watchdog over political decisions, which role media has never previously adopted. have particularly contributed to a shift in society’s perception of the role of media by paving the way for media accountability practices in the field of responsiveness. Even though instruments for responsiveness might be part of an economic strategy of news websites to enter and survive the news media field, news websites have introduced an audience oriented journalism approach by providing collaborative story writing or possibilities for the audience to comment on news. This is a fundamental change in role perception as mobilising media was merely meant to serve the Baath elite and its ideas. Thus, the audience as a neglected actor of accountability seems to have entered the field." (Summary) more

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New Media – Old Problems: Online Practices of Media Accountability in Lebanon

Judith Pies, Philip Madanat, Christine Elsaeßer

Tampere: Journalism Research and Development Centre University of Tampere (2011), 23 pp.

"Lebanon’s media has been envied for its press freedom and high quality by many Arabs from the region for decades. After 15 years of civil war the media had quickly started to flourish again. Yet, internal and external observers have been concerned about the close links between the media and polit ... more

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Beyond State Regulation: How Online Practices Contribute to Holding the Media Accountable in Jordan

Judith Pies, Philip Madanat

Tampere: Journalism Research and Development Centre University of Tampere (2011), 41 pp.

"Holding the news media accountable has traditionally been a task of the state in Jordan. Media laws and regulations are numerous and do not leave too much space for self-regulatory practices on a national basis. The Jordan Press Association (JPA) is the core of so-called established media accountab ... more

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How Journalists and Self-Regulatory Structures Deal with Ethics and Press Freedom in a Changing Media Environment in Indonesia and Malaysia

Bettina Peters

Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) (2011), 11 pp.

"The paper looks at how journalists and press councils in two very different media systems in the same region – Indonesia and Malaysia – have addressed the question of journalism ethics in the face of a changing media environment. The Indonesian Press Council, set up within the move to democracy ... more

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Ethical Issues in International Communication

Alexander G. Nikolaev (ed.)

Basingstoke et al.: Palgrave Macmillan (2011), xii, 277 pp.

"A collection of essays from scholars around the globe examining the ethical issues and problems associated with some of the major areas within contemporary international communication: journalism, PR, marketing communication, and political rhetoric." (Publisher description)

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‘A Sleeping Mechanism’ for the Time Being? Media Accountability Online in Bulgaria

Michal Glowacki

Tampere: Journalism Research and Development Centre University of Tampere (2011), 24 pp.

"There is not much debate on the development of media accountability (MA) systems in Bulgaria and even less relate to online media. This is due to the early stage of introduction of self-regulatory mechanisms on the Internet as well as the users’ behavior since priority is still given to tradition ... more

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From one transformation to another: Towards an understanding of challenges for media accountability online in Serbia

Michal Glowacki, Michal Kus

Tampere: Journalism Research and Development Centre University of Tampere (2011), 22 pp.

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Poland: Waiting for the Citizens to Demand Online Media Accountability

Michal Kus

Tampere: Journalism Research and Development Centre University of Tampere (2011), 19 pp.

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The Modern News Ombudsman: A User's Guide

Jeffrey Dvorkin

Organization of News Ombudsmen (ONO) (2011), 51 pp.

"An ombudsman is there to act as a counterweight or antidote to the natural assumptions of any organization that everything that happens is usually for a good reason or is done for the best of motives. An ombudsman is there to ask simple questions: “Are you sure?” “How do you know?” S/he is ... more

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Glocal Media Ethics

Shakuntala Rao

In: The Handbook of Global Communication and Media Ethics

Robert S. Fortner, Mark Fackler (eds.)

Chichester: Wiley Blackwell (2011), pp. 154-170

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Conjunto de guías éticas para hacer periodismo en la web

Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas (2011), 51 pp.

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Calidad de la información periodística: Responsabilidad social de la prensa

Roque Acosta Ortiz

Asunción: Centro de Estudios Antropológicos de la Universidad Católica (CEADUC) (2011), 108 pp.

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Mapping Media Accountability: In Europe and Beyond

Tobias Eberwein, Susanne Fengler, Epp Lauk, Tanja Leppik-Bork (eds.)

Köln: Herbert von Halem Verlag (2011), 267 pp.

"Media scholars and students, professionals and policy-makers alike will be introduced to the specific problems and perspectives of media accountability in different media systems and journalistic cultures. The status quo of media criticism online across Europe will be a key issue and provide insigh ... more

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The Handbook of Communication Ethics

George Cheney, Steve May, Debashish Munshi (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2011), xix, 530 pp.

"The Handbook of Communication Ethics serves as a comprehensive guide to the study of communication and ethics. It brings together analyses and applications based on recognized ethical theories as well as those outside the traditional domain of ethics but which engage important questions of power, e ... more

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Turkish Journalists and Ethical Self-Reflection Through Online Training

Mine Gencel Bek

In: Journalism Education, Training and Employment

Bob Franklin, Donica Mensing (eds.)

New York; London: Routledge (2011), pp. 112-129

"This chapter examines whether training Turkish journalists using online training modules offered by the BBC, increased their awareness of ethical editorial issues. It also discusses the potential, as well as the obstacles, for establishing more democratic forms of journalism. The chapter begins by ... more

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Journalists and the Rule of Law

Levi Obonyo, Erneo Nyamboga

Nairobi: Kenya Section International Commission of Jurists; Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2011), iv, 102 pp.

"The book is particularly commendable for providing a one-stop for relevant sections of media laws and for providing essential legal tips including explanations of various legal terms. Its treatment of ethical issues in media practice is a plus. The book strikes a commendable balance of Law and Ethi ... more

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Watchdogs and News Hounds: Holding the Media to Account. Mechanisms, Principles and Practices from Around the World

Libby Lloyd

Windhoek: fesmedia Africa; Freedom of Expression Institute (FXI) (2011), 32 pp.

"The issue of media accountability mechanisms has been brought into the spotlight in South Africa following the release by the ruling African National Congress (ANC) of a discussion paper entitled ‘Media Transformation, Ownership and Diversity’ for deliberation at its National General Council me ... more

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