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115
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54
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Topics
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
67
Female Journalists & Media Workers
28
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
24
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
14
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
13
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
12
Self-Censorship
10
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
7
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
6
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Social Media in Political Communication
4
Journalistic Social Media Use
4
Investigative Journalism
4
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
Journalism Education & Training
3
Open Data
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Social Media Analytics, Web Metrics, User Data Analytics
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Censorship
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Media Criticism
1
Online Magazines & Newspapers
1
Social Media
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
1
Facebook
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
AI in Journalism & Media
1
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
1
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
1
Minority Journalists
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Infotainment, Politainment
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
1
Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Law & Regulation
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Public Spheres
1
User-Generated Contents
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Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Expanding the Analytical Boundaries of Mob Censorship: How Technology and Infrastructure Enable Novel Threats to Journalists and Strategies for Mitigation
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2022), pp. 1848-1867
"Mob censorship, which “expresses the will of ordinary citizens to exert power over journalists through discursive violence” is traditionally considered a grassroots phenomenon. However, within technically mediated systems, who is behind the mob is sometimes unclear. We therefore ask how the tec
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Online Trolling of Journalists
In: The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism
Stuart Allan (ed.)
London; New York: Routledge (2022), 10 pp.
"Academic studies and news stories alike have been documenting a quite devastating picture of the online trolling of journalists, especially women and minorities, around the world. The scale and the magnitude of trolling have attracted the attention of governments and international organizations, pa
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Beyond Incivility: Understanding Patterns of Uncivil and Intolerant Discourse in Online Political Talk
Communication Research, volume 49, issue 3 (2022), pp. 399-425
"This article takes up the popular argument that much online discussion is toxic and hence harmful to democracy, and argues that the pervasiveness of incivility is not incompatible with democratically relevant political talk. Instead of focusing on the tone of political talk, scholars interested in
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Online harassment of journalists as a consequence of populism, mis/disinformation, and impunity
In: The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism
Howard Tumber, Silvio Waisbord (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2021), pp. 178-187
"This chapter aims to examine additional factors associated with populism, disinformation and online harassment of journalists in an environment of impunity, though the relationship between digital communication and populism has been analysed since the late 1990s. It considers strategies that have b
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Burning out and turning off: Journalists’ disconnection strategies on social media
Journalism, volume 22, issue 10 (2021), pp. 2475-2492
"This study explores forms of social media fatigue described by professional journalists, including frustration with the perception of their increased affective labor, dissatisfaction with communication environments on particular social media platforms, and increased anxiety about the possible impac
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Confronting Freedom to Inform With Freedom of Expression: The Case of Online Attacks of Journalists in Ghana
In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism
Sadia Jamil, Baris Çoban, Bora Ataman, Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 269-296
"Globally, there is an increase in online attacks on journalists with gender dimensions to these attacks. Also, it is established that digital innovations have augmented free expression and the augmentation allows means for online attacks. Though evidence submits that studies on the problem of onlin
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“We Have to act Like our Devices are Already Infected”: Investigative Journalists and Internet Surveillance
Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 9 (2021), pp. 1849-1866
"Internet surveillance has become a crucial issue for journalism. The “Snowden moment” has shed light on the risks that journalists and their sources face while communicating online and has shown how journalists themselves can be targets of surveillance operations or other forms of malicious dig
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The new frontline: Women journalists at the intersection of converging digital age threats
In: Insights on Peace and Conflict Reporting
Kristin Skare Orgeret (ed.)
London; New York: Routledge (2021), 18 pp.
"The chapter identifies the new threats posed by digital developments and how they affect women journalists in particular. There are three main converging safety threats confronting women journalists in the digital age: online harassment and abuse against women journalists; orchestrated disinformati
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Online Harassment of Female Journalists in Bangladesh: Forms, Reactions, and Consequences
In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism
Sadia Jamil, Baris Çoban, Bora Ataman, Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 143-166
"The online harassment of female journalists is a rising concern around the world and also in South Asia. Bangladesh, a South Asian country, recently, has experienced an increasing number of harassments against female journalists online. Various studies explored the online harassment, mostly from th
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Between Attack and Resilience: The Ongoing Institutionalization of Independent Digital Journalism in Brazil
Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 2 (2021), pp. 235-254
"Digital journalism in Brazil is dominated by a few big players and has recently been threatened by the country’s challenging political and economic environment. Still, organizational structures promoting independent digital journalism (IDJ) persist. Originally understood as “the blogosphere,”
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‘Lockdown’ on Digital Journalism? Mapping Threats to Press Freedom During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 9 (2021), pp. 1344-1366
"Across the globe, governments have issued emergency and drastic measures aimed at tracking the spread of COVID-19 and safeguarding public health. Notwithstanding the necessity and importance of some of these measures, this work argues that numerous governments around the world used the pandemic cri
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The Chilling: Assessing Big Tech's Response to Online Violence Against Women Journalists
UNESCO (2021), 35 pp.
"This is an extracted chapter of a wider UNESCO-commissioned global study on online violence against women journalists produced by the Inter-national Center for Journalists (ICFJ). The full-length study will published in 2022. The chapter identifies the role of big tech companies and especially soci
...
Press Freedom and Cybercrimes: Combating Online Harassment on Digital Media in Nigeria
African Journal of Criminal Law And Jurisprudence, volume 6 (2021), pp. 137-151
"The role of the Media to the growth and development of a democratic society cannot be overemphasized. Over the years, the media have served as a watch dog in every society, prompting the need for International and National legislation protecting the Right to Press Freedom. While attacks and threat
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No Excuse for Abuse: What Social Media Companies Can Do Now to Combat Online Harassment and Empower Users
PEN America (2021), 7 pp.
"To ensure that social media becomes safer, more open, and more equitable for all users, platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram must prioritize curbing online harassment. In this report, PEN America proposes concrete, actionable changes that social media companies should make immediately to
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Digital Threats and Attacks on the Philippine Alternative Press: Range, Responses, and Remedies
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 1-22
"In the Philippines, the assault on the press has gone digital. While Filipino journalists continue to face physical, verbal, and legal threats and attacks, cyber-attacks and online harassment/trolling were identified in 2018 as the second worst threat against them, after low wages and poor working
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Arab Resistance in the diaspora: Comparing the Saudi dissident and the Egyptian whistleblower
Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, volume 13, issue 1 (2020), pp. 31-49
"While much research on Arab and Muslim diasporas in the West focuses on the War(s) on Terror, in this article, we explore how two particular diasporic groups, Egyptian and Saudi activists, work to shape public perceptions of the authoritarian regimes in their countries of origin. Contextualizing th
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Now you [don’t] see me: How have new legislation and changing public awareness of the UK surveillance state impacted OSINT investigations?
Journal of Cyber Policy, volume 5, issue 3 (2020), pp. 429-448
"Open-source intelligence (OSINT) gathering and analysis techniques are used by investigators from a variety of fields, owing to their accessibility and exceptional capacity for corroboration. It has previously been argued that proposed data protection legislation can chill the free press, but there
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Online Harassment and Its Implications for the Journalist–Audience Relationship
Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1047-1067
"Amid growing threats to journalists around the world, this study examines the nature of online harassment, the types of journalists most likely to experience it, and the most common forms of response to such abuse. Through a representative survey of U.S. journalists, we find that nearly all journal
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Online surveillance and the repressive Press Council Bill 2018. A two-pronged approach to media self-censorship in Nigeria
In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 80-99
"This chapter examines the perceptions of Nigerian journalists towards the Nigerian Press Council Bill 2018 and the governments’ online surveillance. The study employs survey and interview methods: 217 Nigerian media practitioners selected from print and online media responded to the questionnaire
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Reading the Investigators their Rights: A review of literature on the General Data Protection Regulation and open-source intelligence gathering and analysis
The New Collection, volume 14 (2020), pp. 3-21
"Open-source intelligence gathering and analysis (OSINT) techniques are no longer predominantly the remit of private investigators and journalists. An estimated 80-90% of data analysed by intelligence agencies is also now derived from publicly available material. Additionally, the massive expansion
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