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New Developments in Central Asian Mass Media Research

Eric Freedman, Richard Shafer

Central Asia and the Caucasus, volume 12, issue 4 (2011), pp. 128-143

"This wide range of contemporary mass media research illustrates how Central Asia press outlets remain tightly controlled and manipulated, first under the czars, then under the Soviets, and now under authoritarian regimes. Over the past two decades, the press systems have not achieved even minimal d ... emocratization and independence by international standards. Perhaps the Internet and other technologies will have a better chance of circumventing censors and the economic obstacles that deny the great mass of Central Asians the ability to participate in a useful dialog leading to more transparent and participatory governance. Several overarching observations emerge from this synthesized examination of recent research. The five separate press systems that replaced the single Soviet system share many commonalities, although significant differences also exist. These studies indicate varying but not decisive degrees of external influences from multi-governmental entities, media-building foundations, and promoters of civil society; such influences on Central Asian media development originate with mostly Western-based journalism and mass media trainers. Another observation concerns regimes’ use and abuse of laws to control information about public affairs and public issues. That pattern evident from several studies reflects a disconnect between constitutional and statutory guarantees of press freedom on one side and actual threats to those guarantees on the other side due to libel and “honor and dignity” suits, criminal prosecutions, and tightening regulation of the Internet. Examined collectively, these studies suggest the following obstacles to democratic and independent media development in Central Asia: strict governmental and extra-governmental restraints on the press, regardless of the type of medium—print, broadcast, or Internet; inadequate professional training, leadership, resources, financial incentives, and ethical standards for journalists and prospective journalists; limitations on the ability of domestic and international press and human rights defenders to compel changes in policies and laws; insufficient market resources to create and sustain independent news organizations; and a resulting lack of credibility and public trust in the press." (Summary and conclusions, page 142) more

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Environmental Journalism in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan: Reporting Scarce Amid Environmental and Media Problems

Eric Freedman

Applied Environmental Education & Communication, volume 10, issue 2 (2011), pp. 126-134

"Independence for the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia has not led to press freedom, solutions to pressing environmental problems, or development of effective grassroots nongovernmental organizations. This article examines relations between journalists and environ ... more

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The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam

Philip N. Howard

Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press (2010), xii, 285 pp.

"Around the developing world, political leaders face a dilemma: the very information and communication technologies that boost economic fortunes also undermine power structures. Globally, one in ten internet users is a Muslim living in a populous Muslim community. In these countries, young people ar ... more

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Global Information Society Watch 2010: Focus on ICTs and Environmental Sustainability

Alan Finlay (ed.)

Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Hivos (2010), 244 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2010: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2010), xxi, 287 pp.

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Nicht frei, aber lebendig? Massenmedien und Journalismus in Kasachstan

Birgit Brauer

Zentralasien-Analysen, issue 30 (2010), pp. 2-9

"Als in diesem Jahr der OSZE vorstehendes Land sollten für Kasachstan ganz besondere Anforderungen auch in Hinblick auf seine Pressefreiheit gelten. Die internationalen Rankings kommen allerdings zu einem äußert kritischen Urteil. Die Realität scheint komplizierter. Aus ihrer langjährigen Erfah ... more

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Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power, Rights, and Rule in Cyberspace

Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, Jonathan Zittrain (eds.)

Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press (2010), xvi, 617 pp.

"Internet censorship and surveillance becomes more sophisticated. The first-generation controls like China's "Great Firewall" are being replaced by techniques that include strategically timed distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, targeted malware, take-down notices and stringent terms-of-usa ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2009: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2009), xix, 285 pp.

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Global Information Society Watch 2009: Focus on Access to Online Information and Knowledge – Advancing Human Rights and Democracy

Alan Finlay (ed.)

Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Hivos (2009), 231 pp.

"GISWatch has three interrelated goals: surveying the state of the field of information and communications technology (ICT) policy at local and global levels; encouraging critical debate; strengthening networking and advocacy for a just, inclusive information society. Each year the report focuses on ... more

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Journalism Education: Improvement of the Quality of Education and New Technologies. 11th Central Asia Media Conference, Bishkek 15-16 October 2009

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2009), 232 pp.

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The Examples of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: Political Extremism, Terrorism, and Media in Central Asia

Copenhagen; Almaty; Bishkek: International Media Support (IMS); Adil Soz; Public Association "Journalists" (2008), 38 pp.

"This study furnishes the media, the civil society organisations, the public authorities and international organisations in the region with a point of reference in context to the rising debate about extremism, especially Islamic fundamentalism, and terrorism. It provides insight into how the mass me ... more

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Global Information Society Watch 2008: Focus on Access to Infrastructure

Alan Finlay (ed.)

Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Hivos; Third World Institute (ITeM) (2008), 204 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2008: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2008), xxi, 276 pp.

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Community Media: International Perspectives
Top Insights

Linda K. Fuller (ed.)

New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2007), xiii, 258 pp.

"This collection of writing on community media describes attempts at local media development and case studies of functioning projects. It presents a range of perspectives on grassroots media originating from community groups; research representing participant observation; hands-on community involvem ... more

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Machtmosaik Zentralasien: Traditionen, Restriktionen, Aspirationen

Manfred Sapper, Volker Weichsel, Andrea Huterer (eds.)

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2007), 648 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2004: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Washington, DC: IREX (2005), 275 pp.

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Deutschsprachige Medien in Mittel- und Osteuropa: Berichte und Analysen

Annette Gallus, Sonja Richter (red.)

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2004), 95 pp.

New Developments in Central Asian Mass Media Research

Environmental Journalism in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan: Reporting Scarce Amid Environmental and Media Problems

The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam

Global Information Society Watch 2010: Focus on ICTs and Environmental Sustainability

Media Sustainability Index 2010: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Nicht frei, aber lebendig? Massenmedien und Journalismus in Kasachstan

Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power, Rights, and Rule in Cyberspace

Media Sustainability Index 2009: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Global Information Society Watch 2009: Focus on Access to Online Information and Knowledge – Advancing Human Rights and Democracy

Journalism Education: Improvement of the Quality of Education and New Technologies. 11th Central Asia Media Conference, Bishkek 15-16 October 2009

The Examples of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: Political Extremism, Terrorism, and Media in Central Asia

Global Information Society Watch 2008: Focus on Access to Infrastructure

Media Sustainability Index 2008: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Community Media: International Perspectives
Top Insights

Machtmosaik Zentralasien: Traditionen, Restriktionen, Aspirationen

The Business of Media: Central Asia Media Conference, Bishkek 19 October 2006

Auslandsmärkte als Chance: Die deutsche ITK-Wirtschaft

Media Sustainability Index 2005: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Media Sustainability Index 2004: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Deutschsprachige Medien in Mittel- und Osteuropa: Berichte und Analysen

Community Media: International Perspectives Top Insights

Community Media: International Perspectives
Top Insights