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DG Enlargement: Guidelines for EU Support to Media Freedom and Media Integrity in Enlargement Countries, 2014-2020

European Commission (2014), 15 pp.

"In its political support the Commission will encourage enlargement countries to make legislation more supportive of the media. It will also promote the involvement of media and civil society in the pre-accession process, including in the formulati ... on, implementation and monitoring of sector strategies for EU financial assistance which will be strengthened under IPA II. The Commission's financial assistance will use an appropriate mix of funding instruments to respond to different types of needs and country contexts in a flexible, transparent, cost-effective and results focused manner which also considers the administration burden for the Commission. This will include: aiming for longer term contracts, recognising that capacity building and advocacy work requires time and resources; moving away from project based support to a more flexible approach that fosters partnership and coalition building. It must also be understood that accession-related EU funding is limited in volume and time. Although having been a major donor to Media and Civil Society, the EU cannot and should not aim to fill the funding gap left as other donors exit from the region. As the enlargement countries move towards accession, the Commission will support media organisations become less dependent on international donor funding, including funding from the EU [...] "These guidelines are formulated in the form of a draft results framework. The framework contains goals and results to be achieved by developing and deploying multi-beneficiary and bilateral assistance programmes. Special attention is paid to the aspect of verification: measurable indicators (and benchmarks) are grouped according to particular results to be achieved and possible means of verification (MoV) are identified for each group of indicators. The selection of indicators and MoVs also take into consideration the cost-effectiveness and actual availability of data. Monitoring the guidelines will be supervised by DG ELARG in collaboration with the EU Delegations in the region, international organisations and networks of CSOs already active in media freedom and integrity. The collection of data will include both qualitative and quantitative assessments and will be conducted by means of surveys, peer reviews, independent assessment, etc." (Pages 4-5) more

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Training Material: Storytelling to Foster Cooperation and Inclusion
Key Guidance

Erasmus; European Commission (2014), 51 pp.

"This training module is a compilation of material initially gathered to help partners prepare and develop their pilot projects. As such it can be of use for anyone who wants to use storytelling or storytelling methods as tool to build cooperation and/or to support learning. After a theoretical intr ... more

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Principles for Media Assistance

In: Accountability and Democratic Governance: Orientations and Principles for Development

Paris: OECD (2014), pp. 97-109

"1. Incorporate media assistance into a larger framework of development aid. 2. Incorporate media indicators and audits into governance diagnostics and needs analysis. 3. Co-operate with media development CSOs and determine media objectives and outcomes, not methodologies. 4. Focus on building publi ... more

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Western Balkans and Turkey Media and Freedom of Expression Fact-Finding and Scoping Study

Bjørn Erichsen, Rita Naseniece, Dušan Reljic, Günter Seufert, Aleksandra Tomanic, Isabela Uribe

European Commission; Particip (2013), 104 pp.

"The first component of this report focuses on the improvement of the performance of public sector broadcasters. Based on evidence that the team gathered during field research, and the preparatory survey of the existing body of knowledge, 23 main problems were identified in this component [...] The ... more

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Capturing Them Softly: Soft Censorship and State Capture in Hungarian Media

Paris: World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) (2013), 51 pp.

"State capture is slowly but surely enveloping Hungarian media, principally through the “soft censorship” of financial incentives and influence that affect media otlets’ editorial content and economic viability. Allocation of state advertising spending is opaque and unfair; it is based on the ... more

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Media Freedom and Independence in 14 European Countries: A Comparative Perspective

European Commission; Mediadem (2012), 188 pp.

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Freedom of Expression, Media and Digital Communications: A Practical Guide
Key Guidance

Andrew Puddephatt, Per Oesterlund

EPRD Policy & Development; European Commission (2012), 39 pp.

"The European Commission has begun to integrate a political economy approach throughout the project cycle. This guide tailors the political economy approach to the media development sector specifi ... more

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Freedom of Expression, Media and Digital Communications: Key Issues

Andrew Puddephatt, Per Oesterlund

EPRD Policy & Development; European Commission (2012), 35 pp.

"Key recommendations: Explore ways of integrating EU diplomatic power alongside its development programmes in order to support freedom of expression and independent media and communicaitons; Enhance coordination between the different operational arms of the EU; Utilise EU’s convening power to brin ... more

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Mapping EU Media Support 2000-2010

Andrew Puddephatt, Per Oesterlund

EPRD Policy & Development; European Commission (2012), 52 pp.

"Generally, data about media development support are not complete and reliable due to insufficient classification categories in the DAC system, so the EC and most other international institutions and organisations share the problem of not having solid knowledge about the scope and size of support in ... this field. This is also the case in the CRIS data base, which does not distinguish for example between public diplomacy and media support [...] As a consequence, the amounts and other figures in this report should not be taken as exact values. But the mapping does show some clear trends and tendencies despite the weakness ofthe basic data, and the main findings are: According to the information available in the CRIS data base and the definition of projects applied for this support, the total amount spent on media development and freedom of expression in the period 2000-2010 has been 148,4 Million Euro. More than half of the total amount has been spent in the neighbour countries East and South of the EU. More than 40 % has been spent in the Western Balkans, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Russia, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine and Turkey, while 12,5 % has been spent in the Middle East and North Africa. 24,3 % of the total funds have been spent in Sub-Saharan Africa. The EC support for media development and freedomof expression has been limited compared with the bilateral support from EU. Member States and other bilateral donors. For comparison the Swedish budget for media support from SIDA in 2012 is 26 Million Euro and DfiD supports the BBC Media Action with more than 20 Million Euro per year. The funding comes from a variety of thematic and geographic Instruments with the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights, EIDHR, as the single biggest source, which accounts for 41 % of the total support. Other significant Instruments are IPA, CARDS, ENPI and MED. The main focus has been on training of journalists and editors in journalistic skills and professional standards. Other initiatives have been support to reform of media related legislation and direct support to endangered journalists and writers. The projects supportedby the EC have not been different from projects funded by bilateral donors. Very few projects have benefitted from the potential comparative advantages of the EC/EU as a multinational entity. Very few projects have been designed and implemented in cooperation with member states or other donor agencies, and the projects do not reflect on-going internal medla developments in the EU. There seems to be more focus on EU visibility than on EU additionallity. The top ten contract holders have implemented 36 % of the total project value with BBC Media Action as the single biggest partner, which has implemented almost ten percent of the total project value in the period 2000-2010. lnternews (with lnternews Europe as the biggest entity) comes second with 4,6 % of the total project value followed by the International Federation of Journalists with 3,4 % of the project value. The EC is seen as a “difficult“ or “bureaucratic“ donor agency, which is difficult to approach for smaller organisations because the possible funding does not correspond with the paper work needed to apply for support." (Executive summary more

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Public Service Media and Policy in Europe

Karen Donders

Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (2012), xiv, 234 pp.

"An in-depth account of EU policies in the area of public service broadcasting, focusing mainly on the application of the European State aid rules. The book discusses when, how and with what impact the E ... more

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Opening Remarks to the Sessions of the UNESCO International Symposium on Freedom of Expression, 26 January, 2011

Helge Rønning

Nordicom Review, volume 33, issue 3 (2011), pp. 111-113

"On 26 January 2011, UNESCO hosted the second International Symposium on Freedom of Expression at its Paris headquarters. The Swedish National Commission for UNESCO sponsored the conference. The symposium brought together individuals and organisati ... more

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Media Policies and Regulatory Practices in a Selected Set of European Countries, the EU and the Council of Europe

European Commission; Mediadem (2010), 524 pp.

"This collective report examines the principal dimensions of media policy in 14 European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey and the UK), probing into the histor ... more

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Report on the AUC/EC Joint Informal Expert Meeting on Media and Development

Addis Ababa: African Union Commission; European Commission (2010), 51 pp.

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Support Study Regarding Media and Development Programmes Currently in Africa Funded by European Donors: Final Report
Top Insights

Jorgen Ringgaard, Milica Pesic, Moussa Sawadogo, Jean Ouedraogo

Soges; European Union (2010), 50 pp. + annexes

"As a follow up on the Media and Development Forum, which took place in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) on 11-13 September 2008, the European Commission initiated this study to map out the projects and ... more

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Media4Diversity: Taking the Pulse of Diversity in the Media. A Study on Media and Diversity in EU Member States and 3 EEA Countries

European Commission

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (2009), 98 pp.

"There are, surprisingly enough, reasons to be cheerful about our media in Europe. Some of them are to be found in the pages of this publication, which reveals that the struggle for diversity and respect for equality is not lost. Far from it, the examples of innovation, originality and commitment sh ... more

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Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States
Top Insights

Mary Myers

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 64 pp.

"This publication describes the main media assistance funders outside the USA in an alphabetical fashion from 'Arab States' to 'United Kingdom', complemented by data on the European Commission (EC ... more

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The Industry of Books and Publishing in the Development of ACP Countries

Beatrice Lalinon Gbado

[no publisher] (2009), 18 pp.

"A paper presented to an international colloquium "Culture and Creativity as Vectors of Development" held in Brussels, April 2-3, 2009. The author provides an overview of the current state of book publishing in the ACP countries of francophone Africa, and their impact as an integral part of the cult ... more

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Joint Roadmap for the Action of the African Union Commission and the European Commission at the Conclusion of the Media and Development Forum

Ouagadougou: African Union Commission; European Commission (2008), 7 pp.

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From Early Warning to Early Action? The Debate on the Enhancement of the EU's Crisis Response Capability Continues

European Commission

Luxembourg: European Commission (2008), 497 pp.

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Forum Media & Développement: Ouagadougou, 11-13.09.2008. Rapport Final = Forum Media & Development. Proceedings

Célestin Bekrou, Félix Zogo

Addis Ababa: African Union Commission; European Commission (2008), 60 pp.

Training Material: Storytelling to Foster Cooperation and Inclusion Key Guidance

Freedom of Expression, Media and Digital Communications: A Practical Guide Key Guidance

Support Study Regarding Media and Development Programmes Currently in Africa Funded by European Donors: Final Report Top Insights

Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States Top Insights

Training Material: Storytelling to Foster Cooperation and Inclusion
Key Guidance

Freedom of Expression, Media and Digital Communications: A Practical Guide
Key Guidance

Support Study Regarding Media and Development Programmes Currently in Africa Funded by European Donors: Final Report
Top Insights

Funding for Media Development by Major Donors Outside the United States
Top Insights