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Journalism is a Public Good: World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development, Global Report 2021/2022
Top Insights

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 160 pp.

"Over the past five years, approximately 85 percent of the world’s population experienced a decline in press freedom in their country. Even in countries with long traditions of safeguarding free and independent journalism, financial and technological transformations have forced news outlets, espec ... more

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The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and its Potential to Foster Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Safety of Journalists: Guidelines for Civil Society Organizations

UNESCO; Amnesty International (2022), 17 pp.

"This guide aims to encourage civil society and community organizations, activists and individuals to engage with the United Nations' (UN) Universal Periodic Review (UPR) mechanism on freedom of expression, safety of journalists and access to information issues. The guide explains why it is importan ... more

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The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and its Potential to Foster Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Safety of Journalists: Guidelines for National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs)

Hina Jilani

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 15 pp.

"These UNESCO guidelines aim to provide practical support to National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) on the use of the UPR process to improve freedom of opinion and expression, safety of journalists, and access to information and to strengthen their capacity to engage with the process in all its ... more

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Knowing the Truth is Protecting the Truth: Highlights of the UNESCO Director-General’s Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity Published on the Occasion of the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists 2022

UNESCO (2022), 15 pp.

"The Report is a unique mechanism within the UN system for monitoring the killings of journalists. It was first published in 2008, upon a Decision of the Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC). The report is published every two years, mak ... more

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The Universal Periodic Review (UPR): Model Recommendations in the Field of Freedom of Expression, Safety of Journalists and Access to Information

UNESCO (2022), 14 pp.

"This note provides suggestions for Member States on how to word the recommendations for the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in the field of freedom of expression, safety of journalists and access to information. The background and recommendations below can also assist UN Country Teams, National Hum ... more

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Safety of Journalists Covering Trauma and Distress: ‘Do no Harm’
Quick Overview

Jo Healey

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 16 pp.

"• Pressure has intensified on journalists to cover people’s trauma and distress and deliver emotionally-driven content to multiple platforms. • Impact on survivors: An ongoing lack of trauma-aware training for journalists can lead to inept or ill-informed handling of survivors, some say this ... more

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The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa
Top Insights

CIPESA (2022), 57 pp.

"This report seeks to serve two purposes. The first is to research and document the state of media freedom and safety of journalists in Africa and to provide specific and evidence-based recommendations to guide policy makers, media development organisations and other media freedom and human rights a ... more

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A Thematic Consultation on the Safety of Journalists in a Digital Age: Challenges and Solutions. 10th Anniversary of the UN Plan of Actions on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity

UNESCO (2022), 17 pp.

"This consultation on the safety of journalists in the digital age focused on developing risk assessment frameworks and enhancing transparency of online platforms. The consultation took place in a hybrid format on 13 September 2022, virtually and in Copenhagen, Denmark. Online disinformation, hate s ... more

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Protection of Journalists: Safety and Justice in Latin America and the Caribbean

Knight Center (2022), 100 pp.

"This e-book takes a tour of these attempts, undertaken from different fronts: newsrooms, collectives of journalists, media associations, governments, or prosecutors. And it is the journalists themselves who tell us about their experiences. This e-book is the product of a series of reports published ... more

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Protección de periodistas: Seguridad y justicia en América Latina y el Caribe

Rosental Alves (coord.)

Knight Center (2022), 103 pp.

"En este libro, nos propusimos hacer un recorrido por estos intentos, emprendidos desde distintos frentes: redacciones, colectivos de periodistas, asociaciones de medios de comunicación, gobiernos o fiscalías. Y son los mismos periodistas los que cuentan cómo han sido estas experiencias. Este lib ... more

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Proteção dos jornalistas: Segurança e justiça na América Latina e no Caribe

Rosental Alves (coord.)

Knight Center (2022), 101 pp.

"Neste livro, propomo-nos a percorrer essas tentativas, realizadas em diferentes frentes: redações, grupos de jornalistas, associações de mídia, governos ou promotores. E são os próprios jornalistas que contam como foram essas experiências. Este livro é produto de uma série de reportagens ... more

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Strengthening Safety & Security Resources for Visual Storytellers and Journalists: A Scoping Study

Peter Noorlander, Agnieszka Raczynska, Camila Mariño, Juliana Lopes

[authors] (2022), 114 pp.

"This study looks into the safety and security needs, resources and environment of visual storytellers and journalists, with a focus on independent documentary filmmakers. The study was commissioned by the International Resource for Impact and Study (IRIS) and the Ford Foundation out of a concern th ... more

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Cómo prepararse para reportear situaciones de alto riesgo

Malva Izquierdo

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2022), 28 pp.

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National Human Rights Institutions and Journalist Safety

Binod Bhattarai

Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2022), 98 pp.

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Safety of Journalists in Non-EU Countries: State and Non-State Protection Mechanisms and the Role of the EU

Tamsin Mitchell

European Parliament (2022), ix, 51 pp.

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“It's not paranoia if they really are out to get you”: Navigating risk to journalists when connected devices are everywhere

Anjuli R. K. Shere, Jason R. C. Nurse, Andrew Martin

Challenges and Changing Contexts” IAMCR 2022 Conference “Communication Research in the Era of Neo-Globalisation: Reorientations (2022), 18 pp.

"The consumer Internet of Things (IoT) is a fast-growing area of technology, increasingly embedded in the public and private spheres, including both in and on bodies. There are various security concerns and academic investigations into potential risks of this expansion, but none yet specifically add ... ressing the implications to journalists and the democratic pillar of press freedom. Not only are risks to this community not yet assessed, but IoT threats generally are not communicated without technical jargon, making them inaccessible to non-experts. Given the importance of a free press, mapping IoT devices and, crucially, communicating associated risk in ways understandable and actionable to journalists themselves, is key. Journalists and the press are particularly at-risk from IoT devices that may feature in the environments with which they must regularly interact because of the fundamental imperative of source confidentiality. Previous research demonstrated that members of the press are largely unaware of the ways in which the IoT can threaten their work and wellbeing. The networked capabilities of IoT devices increases the ease with which well-resourced threat actors can target journalists who routinely handle confidential information and are already at risk around the world from a variety of non-IoT threats. This paper therefore presents a novel categorisation of both ambient and wearable consumer IoT devices according to the environments in which journalists are most likely to interact with them. It draws on related academic work classifying devices for technical audiences to create a system that is accessible to journalists and their sources. Its goal is to make members of the media aware of the prevalence of these technologies and which of the devices’ capabilities may increase their individual risk. Useful risk assessments cannot be undertaken without an accurate understanding of where threats may be encountered. By systematically outlining risks in numerous environments, this taxonomy can be easily incorporated into existing security training materials and risk assessments for journalists. This paper presents a novel taxonomy to codify and organise IoT present in different environments, with examples of how journalists and their work could be impacted, both passively (i.e. via surveillance) or actively (i.e. via information theft). It also discusses how different environments that may contain IoT devices are often under the control of actors whom journalists cannot easily influence, nor protect themselves against. Especially as these devices continue to proliferate, journalistic risk from IoT devices in surrounding environments are growing. It is therefore important to address the contemporary and emerging risks to journalism that are associated with connected devices. This paper enables journalists and readers to not only visualise and conceptualise how IoT devices in different environments may create risks, its user-focused language and organisation also empower journalists to begin to use this taxonomy for awareness, mitigation, and protective purposes." (Abstract) more

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Lives, Jobs, Homeland: Afghan Women Journalists Lose All

Association of Women in Radio and Television (AWRT-K) (2022), 52 pp.

"According to a survey conducted by Reporters without Borders (RSF) in December 2021, from 10,790 people working in Afghan media (8,290 men and 2,490 women) at the start of August 2021, only 4,360 (3,950 men and 410 women) were still working and the number may reduce even further. For this survey, d ... ata were collected through online and in-person manual surveys in May 2022. The questionnaire included 23 questions and was completed by 308 respondents in Dari (75.97%) and Pashto (24.03%). All 100 percent respondents were female. The survey largely represented reporters (54.87%), followed by journalists (19.16%), producers (9.74%), presenters (3.90%) and others (12.01%). [...] A majority of respondents (67.86%) reported that they have lost their jobs since the de facto authorties’ takeover of Afghanistan in August. The highest ratio of respondents having lost their jobs compared to the respondents interviewed were in Bamyan (100%), followed by Kandahar (91%), Balkh (85%), Badakhshan (68%) and Kabul (62%). 60.39% of respondents reported that they have felt ‘major changes’ since the collapse of the former government. In addition, 28.90% respondents reported changes in some cases. As for the level of restrictions imposed on reporting since the de facto authorities’ takeover of power, an astounding 80.52% of respondents reported the case to be ‘very restricted’. As far as the reporting autonomy is concerned, 45.13% respondents mentioned that ‘Government Interferences have Increased’, while 35.71% responded as ‘Bad’ meaning the independency in journalists’ reporting is bad. 46.75% of respondents mentioned that the de facto authorities’ spokespersons do not respond to female journalists, followed by 29.55% who mentioned that they do respond, but just in some cases. All 100% of the respondents reported that they have received some kind of threat since the de facto authorities have taken over the power, and reported the major threat against female journalists to be the new restrictions imposed by the de facto authorities (52.9%), followed by the gender-based discrimination (18.8%), and threats posed by extremist groups (16.9%). A majority of the respondents (55.19%) reported that they were restricted from their work specifically due to their outfit/sense of clothing and some (27.92%) reported that they have experienced the same but to some extent only." (Executive summary, pages 5-6) more

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Brief No.1: Media Restrictions and the Implications for Gender Equality in Afghanistan

Michelle Gehrig

Kabul: UN Women (2022), 29 pp.

"After nearly 20 years of international investment and successful efforts to build a diverse media landscape and strengthen journalism standards, the Afghan media sector has fundamentally changed for the worse since the Taliban (also referred herein to as the de facto authorities) takeover on 15 Aug ... more

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A critical analysis of journalists’ freedom of expression and access to information while reporting on COVID-19 issues: A case of selected Arab countries

Miral Sabry AlAshry

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, volume 20, issue 2 (2022), pp. 193-212

"The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which Arab Governments limited freedom of expression and access to information for journalists while they reported on COVID-19-related issues. Design/methodology/approach: Focus group discussions were conducted with 20 journalists from Egypt ... more

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Social Media and the Information War in the Balkans

Brussels: Balkan Free Media Initiative (BFMI) (2022), 52 pp.

"This report examines the destabilizing effects of social media in two key places in the Balkans: Serbia and Republika Srpska, the majority Serb entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The leaders of both – President Aleksandar Vucic in Serbia and President Milorad Dodik in Republika Srpska – ar ... more

Journalism is a Public Good: World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development, Global Report 2021/2022 Top Insights

Safety of Journalists Covering Trauma and Distress: ‘Do no Harm’ Quick Overview

The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa Top Insights

Journalism is a Public Good: World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development, Global Report 2021/2022
Top Insights

Safety of Journalists Covering Trauma and Distress: ‘Do no Harm’
Quick Overview

The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa
Top Insights