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Mechachal: Online Debates and Elections in Ethiopia. From Hate Speech to Engagement in Social Media

Iginio Gagliardone et al.

Programme in Comparative Media Law and Policy (PCMLP) University of Oxford (2015), 103 pp.

"We analyzed more than 13,000 statements during the project. This report primarily builds on the statements that were collected between 24 February and 24 June 2015, three months before and one month after the parliamentary elections that took place in Ethiopia on 24 May 2015. FINDING 1: Hate and d ... more

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Gaming and Extremism: The Radicalization of Digital Playgrounds

Linda Schlegel, Rachel Kowert (eds.)

New York; London: Routledge (2024), xvi, 218 pp.

"Charting the increase in the use of games for the dissemination of extremist propaganda, radicalization, recruitment, and mobilization, this book examines the 'gamification of extremism.' Editors Linda Schlegel and Rachel Kowert bring together a range of insights from world-leading experts in the f ... more

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Online Radicalization and Ways to Counteract its Impact

Gonzalo Croci

Tbilisi: Social Justice Center (2024), 16 pp.

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Propaganda in focus: Decoding the media strategy of ISIS

Yuanbo Qi

Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, volume 11, issue 1123 (2024), 12 pp.

"This investigation employs the analytical framework established by Braddock and Horgan to conduct a comprehensive content analysis of 79 official English-language propaganda videos disseminated by ISIS, with the objective of quantifying the thematic composition and the evolutionary trajectory of IS ... more

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Online Jihadist Propaganda Dissemination Strategies

Stuart Macdonald, Sean McCafferty

VOX-Pol Network of Excellence (2024), 55 pp.

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AI Extremism: Technologies, Tactics, Actors

Stephane J. Baele, Lewys Brace

VOX-Pol Network of Excellence (2024), 79 pp.

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Decoding Social Media’s Role in Taliban 2.0 and its Implications for Afghan Youth

Muhammad Akram, Asim Nasar, Shama Perveen

Honolulu: East-West Center (2024), 8 pp.

"The Taliban retook control of Afghanistan on Aug. 15, 2021 after two decades of fighting on the ground and manipulating narratives online, particularly on social media. Their tactical use of social media was more evident in 2021 when they were advancing their territorial gains and posting on social ... more

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Decoding Social Media’s Role in the Resurgence of the Taliban: A Literature Review

Nassir Ul Haq Wani

Kabul: Kashmir Research Information System Kardan University (2023), 22 pp.

"The study assesses the extent to which Taliban 2.0 utilised social media as a political mobilisation strategy and provides a response through discourse analysis and a literature review. The study results indicate that the tactical use of social media was more apparent in 2021 when they were promoti ... more

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The Digital Battlefield: The Taliban’s Case of Co-opting Social Media for Warfare and Governance

Zakira Rasooli

Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2023), 20 pp.

"This paper delves into the paramount significance of social media in contemporary warfare, shedding light on the critical need for effective measures to counter online radical narratives and prevent the spread of violent extremism. It explores how autocratic and repressive groups like the Taliban e ... more

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Researching the Evolving Online Ecosystem: Telegram, Discord and Odysee

Henry Tuck, Jakob Guhl, Julia Smirnova, Lea Gerster, Oliver Marsh

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2023), 59 pp.

"Harmful actors use an ever-expanding range of digital spaces to spread harmful ideologies and undermine human rights and democracy online. Understanding their evolving ideas, online networks and activities is critical to the development of a more comprehensive evidence base to inform effective and ... more

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Hamas in Cyberspace: Social Media and Forms of Political Expression

Mohammed Wesam Amer

Arab Media & Society, issue 35 (2023), pp. 85-114

"This study examines the digital practices and online discourses of Hamas on Twitter, with a specific focus on the Palinfoen account linked to the Palestinian Information Centre (PIC). The study examines 3,500 tweets related to events in Palestine, which were either tweeted or retweeted by the Palin ... more

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Terrorist Recruitment, Propaganda and Branding: Selling Terror Online

Anna Kruglova

London; New York: Routledge (2023), x, 181 pp.

"This book analyses the marketing techniques that terrorist organisations employ to encourage people to adopt their ideology and become devoted supporters. The book's central thesis is that due to the development of digital technologies and social media, terrorist groups are employing innovative mar ... more

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State of Play: Trends in Terrorist and Violent Extremist Use of the Internet 2022

Tech Against Terrorism (2023), 32 pp.

"This report covers key trends and developments in terrorist and violent extremist (TVE) use of the internet over 2022. It aims to highlight the principal shifts in TVE behaviour and tactics online, and to inform more comprehensive, cross-industry responses to countering TVE exploitation of the inte ... more

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Red Pilled: The Allure of Digital Hate

Luke Munn

Bielefeld: Bielefeld University Press; transript (2023), 190 pp.

"Over the last two decades, online platforms have been used to repackage racist, sexist and xenophobic ideologies into new sociotechnical forms. Digital hate is ancient but novel, deploying the Internet to boost its allure and broaden its appeal. To understand the logic of hate, Luke Munn investigat ... more

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Disentangling Jihad, Political Violence and Media

Simone Pfeifer, Christoph Günther, Robert Dörre (eds.)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2023), xxvi, 420 pp.

"The entanglement of Jihad, Political Violence, and Media has determined the lives of Muslims in Europe and the US over the past 20 years. This book unravels the nexus of these elements, to critically examine how their conjunction is perpetuated, reproduced, or disputed. In 16 case studies, the cont ... more

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Under-Moderated, Unhinged and Ubiquitous: Al-Shabaab and the Islamic State Networks on Facebook. Why Al-Shabaab and Islamic State Pages and Profiles in East African Languages Continue to Plague Facebook

Moustafa Ayad, Anisa Harrasy, Mohammed Abdullah A.

London et al.: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2022), 21 pp.

"Researchers at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) led a two-year investigation into the online media ecosystem of al-Shabaab and the Islamic State in Africa, analyzing the role of “independent news” outlets and their intersections with hundreds-strong networks of amplifier profiles on F ... more

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Understanding Digital Conflict Drivers

Helena Puig Larrauri, Maude Morrison

In: Fundamental Challenges to Global Peace and Security

H. Mahmoudi et al. (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2022), pp. 169-200

"This chapter explores digital drivers of conflict. We examine how technologies are affecting conflict dynamics and what peacebuilders can do to mitigate these effects. We argue that because digital technologies are fundamentally altering the human experience, they are by extension fundamentally alt ... more

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The Threat of Terrorist and Violent Extremist-Operated Websites

Tech Against Terrorism (2022), 32 pp.

"Since January 2021, Tech Against Terrorism has identifi ed 198 websites that we assess to be operated by terrorist actors, or by violent extremists that pose a credible and urgent threat to society. 79 of these sites relate to violent Sunni Islamist actors, 18 to violent Shia Islamist actors and 10 ... more

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Terrorist Content Analytics Platform. Year One: 1 December 2020 - 30 November 2021. Transparency Report

Tech Against Terrorism (2022), 33 pp.

"In November 2020, with support from Public Safety Canada, Tech Against Terrorism launched the Terrorist Content Analytics Platform (TCAP). The world’s largest database of verified terrorist content, collected in real time from verified terrorist channels on messaging platforms and apps, the TCAP ... more

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History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media
Top Insights

Heather Mann (coord.)

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 68 pp.

"This publication is the first report from UNESCO and the United Nations to specifically address Holocaust denial and distortion. It details the ways in which social media is fertile ground for hate and prejudice - and proposes actions we can take in response. Based on the data of billions of Facebo ... more

History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media Top Insights

History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media
Top Insights