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99
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
72
Self-Censorship
24
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
14
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
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Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
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Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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Media Law & Regulation
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Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Media / Communication Control
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Censorship
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Countering Press Freedom Violations by Legal Actions
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Alternative Communication & Media
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Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
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Twitter & Microblogs
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LGBT & Communication / Media
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Minority Journalists
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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
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Self-Regulation of Media
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Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
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Gender-Sensitive Journalism
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Women's Rights
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COVID-19 Communication
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Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
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Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
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European Union (EU)
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Associations & Networks of Journalists
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Investigative Journalism
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Journalism Education & Training
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Local Television
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
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Human Rights Violations
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Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
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Legal Protection
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Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
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Hindu Nationalism
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Taliban
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Harassed and Hushed: Bangladeshi Women Journalists’ Experiences of Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassments
Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, volume 9, issue 3 (2023), pp. 185-202
"A large number of Bangladeshi women journalists are facing gender discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace. This is one of the contributing factors in excluding women journalists’ voices from the public sphere. Drawing on the feminist approach of structure and agency theory, the stud
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Twitter trolling of Pakistani female journalists: A patriarchal society glance
Media, Culture & Society, volume 45, issue 6 (2023), pp. 1303-1314
"The incorporation of new media technology into journalistic practices led to online harassment, particularly of female journalists. The researchers investigated the tweets of four prominent Pakistani female journalists through the lens of post-colonial feminism and symbolic violence. The qualitativ
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“Not Their Fault, but Their Problem”: Organizational Responses to the Online Harassment of Journalists
Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 4 (2023), pp. 859-874
"Journalists are increasingly reporting that online harassment has become a common feature of their working lives, contributing to experiences of fatigue, anxiety and disconnection from social media as well as their profession. Drawing on interviews with American newsworkers, this study finds at lea
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Occupational Hazards: Individual and Professional Factors of Why Journalists Become Victims of Online Hate Speech
Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 838-856
"Journalists are regularly exposed to online hate speech their profession. Because discrimination often harms targets and can prompt self-censorship in journalistic content, undermining journalism’s public duty, it is essential to understand factors explaining why journalists become victims of onl
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Anti-Media Discourse and Violence Against Journalists: Evidence From Chávez’s Venezuela
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 28, issue 3 (2023), pp. 469-492
"Can political leaders’ anti-media rhetoric encourage violence against journalists and undermine media freedom in democracies? While there is evidence that anti-media public discourse can amplify negative attitudes and behaviors towards the media, there is still uncertainty as to whether and how p
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Egypt’s #MeToo Moment: Using Social Media to Help Address Violence Against Women in Egypt
In: Violence Against Women in the Global South: Reporting in the #MeToo Era
Andrea Jean Baker, Celeste González de Bustamante, Jeannine E. Relly (eds.)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), pp. 173-199
"Adjusting the focus to the time and research of the present, this chapter analyzes two case studies that occurred before and after the revitalization of the global #MeToo movement in 2017. The selected cases investigate how women have used social media platforms to combat VAW. The first case is Daf
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Online Harassment and Trolling of Political Journalists in Pakistan
Journalism Practice (2023), [no pag.]
"This study examines the online harassment faced by political journalists in Pakistan on Twitter, specifically focusing on the actions of users affiliated with various political parties. By selecting the 12 most active journalists on Twitter, we combined both content and textual analyses to examine
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The growing norm of sexual harassment in Pakistan’s mainstream and ethnic news media
Media Asia, volume 50, issue 3 (2023), pp. 397-417
"Across time, in a variety of forms and spaces -from homes and workplaces to digital domains of social media- women have become victims of sexual harassment. Over the last couple of years, the world has witnessed appalling cases followed under the #MeToo campaign that has inspired an increasing numb
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Resisting the Individualization of Risk: Strategies of Engagement and Caution in Journalists’ Responses to Online Mobs in the United States and Germany
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2023), pp. 1906-1923
"Increasing levels of toxicity, harassment, trolling, and doxxing targeting journalists are a global problem that adversely affects journalism and democratic life. This study offers a comparative analysis of journalistic responses to online violence in the United States and Germany, based on 87 inte
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Southern European Journalists’ Perceptions of Discursive Menaces in the Age of (Online) Delegitimization
Politics and Governance, volume 11, issue 2 (2023), pp. 210-220
"In a new communication context, factors such as the rise of hate speech, disinformation, or a precarious financial and employment situation in the media have made discursive menaces gain increasing significance. Threats of this kind challenge the legitimacy of institutional news media and professio
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"Despite the pervasiveness of workplace sexual harassment, the connection between sexual harassment and job satisfaction in the news industry remains insufficiently researched. This 16-country and one state study (N*=*1583) sampled news personnel from Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Arab
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Strategic Rituals of Loyalty: When Israeli Journalists Face Digital Hate
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2023), pp. 1940–1961
"This article examines how and why Israeli journalists use their military service as a shield in response to online violence and digital hate. This practice, termed here the military-as-alibi strategy, is highly consequential. First, it excludes Israeli citizens who are exempt from military service
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Tackling the emotional toll together: How journalists address harassment with connective practices
Journalism, volume 24, issue 3 (2023), pp. 494–512
"In this article, we examine how journalists address and tackle online harassment by connective practices that involve joint action with peers and editors that we find are particularly effective in addressing the emotional effects of harassment. Theoretically, we bridge community of practice researc
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“It Comes With the Job”: How Journalists Navigate Experiences and Perceptions of Gendered Online Harassment
International Journal of Communication, volume 17, issue 2023 (2023), pp. 5128-5148
"This article examines how online abuse is experienced and tackled by journalists in Portugal, and addresses the prevalence of online harassment and violence against women journalists and their perceptions of the issue. Theoretically, the article bridges the research on online harassment and gender
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Swedish journalists' perceptions of legal protection against unlawful online harassment
Frontiers in Sociology, volume 8, issue 1154495 (2023), 12 pp.
"This study examined journalists' perceptions regarding the legal system's ability to protect them against online harassment. By utilizing open-ended survey responses from respondents with varying levels of trust in the legal system, the findings suggested a need for increased technical proficiency,
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Unprepared for Reality: Early-Career Journalists Ill-Equipped for Hostility in the Field
Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 3 (2023), pp. 301-316
"Scholarly calls surrounding the need to prepare journalism students for hostile encounters and harassment are emerging. Using in-depth interviews with 28 early-career journalists from across the United States, this project underscores a need for content related to hostility within journalism course
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Harassment’s Toll on Democracy: The Effects of Harassment Towards US Journalists
Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 8 (2023), pp. 1607-1626
"Journalists in democratically “free” countries have faced harassment from those external to the newsroom for decades, though that has recently increased in the United States by many accounts. To assess the effects of such harassment in the United States, 32 journalists were interviewed and more
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Online safety of diverse journalists: A report prepared for Media Diversity Australia
Media Diversity Australia; Griffith University; Macquarie University (2023), 69 pp.
"Overall, our study found that many journalists and media workers from minority backgrounds were experiencing online harassment and abuse from members of the public, and that often, this behaviour was considered ‘part of the job’ in the modern, digital environment. While we found some employers
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The “Price You Pay” and the “Badge of Honor”: Journalists, Gender, and Harassment
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 100, issue 1 (2023), pp. 193–213
"This article utilizes theoretical concepts of sensemaking and affective events theory to analyze and interpret what type of harassment events journalists experience from readers, viewers, and strangers, and their subsequent emotional responses. Findings indicated journalists experience three forms
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Conceptualizing Journalists’ Safety around the Globe
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 7 (2023), pp. 1211-1229
"Killings, as the most extreme form of violence against journalists, receive considerable attention, but journalists experience a variety of threats from surveillance to gendered cyber targeting and hate speech, or even the intentional deprivation of their financial basis. This article provides a co
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