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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
25
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
23
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
15
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
13
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
7
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
6
Communication Rights
5
Algorithms & Big Data
5
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
5
Facebook
5
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
5
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
4
Freedom of Expression
4
Intellectual Property
4
Media / Communication Control
4
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
4
Secret Services, Intelligence Services
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Internet Shutdowns
4
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
4
Artificial Intelligence
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
3
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
3
Digital Rights
3
Censorship
3
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
3
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
3
Cybercrimes
3
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
3
Social Media
3
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
3
LGBT & Communication / Media
3
Digital Economies & Markets
3
Media Law & Regulation
3
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
2
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
2
Encryption, Cryptology
2
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
2
Facial Recognition, Biometric Surveillance
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
Self-Censorship
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Internet
2
Digital Political Communication
2
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
2
Twitter & Microblogs
2
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
2
Uyghurs, Uighurs
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Feminism & Communication
2
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
2
Investigative Journalism
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Politics and Media
2
Election Campaigns: Social Media
2
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
2
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Media & Information: Disadvantaged Groups and Minorities
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Suppression: Communicative Counterstrategies
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Minorities
1
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Children's Rights
1
Christian Communication Ethics, Christian Media Ethics
1
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
1
Espionage
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Crisis Communication
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Community Radios
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Extremist Recruitment through Media
1
Human Security Reporting
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Media Ethnography
1
Cultural Resistance
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Data
1
Digital Criticism
1
Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Inclusion
1
Digital Labour, Digital Work
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Skills, Digital Production Skills
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Electronic Commerce
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Sexual Abuse: Digital Media
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Religion in Social Media
1
TikTok
1
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
1
WhatsApp
1
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
1
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
ICT Policies
1
ICT Regulation
1
Postal Services, Letters & Parcels, Stamps
1
Diaspora Media
1
Minorities
1
Early Warning: Disasters
1
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
1
Data Economics
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
1
International Economy
1
Water Resources Management, Water Access & Supply
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Feminist Media
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Collaboration
1
Colonial Legacies
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Globalisation of Media
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
African Union (AU)
1
European Union (EU)
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Minority Languages
1
Communication Networks
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Civil Rights
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Marketing & Branding
1
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Deaf & Hard of Hearing People
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Capitalism
1
Political Resistance
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Political Communication
1
Cyberpsychology
1
Islam and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
1
Data Protection (Computer Software)
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
1
Telecommunication Infrastructure
1
Telephone
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Taking Control? Internet Censorship and Surveillance in Russia

Berlin: Reporters Without Borders (2019), 77 pp.
"The present report traces the development from the first bans on content in 2012 to the present day. It shows how critical editorial teams are put under pressure and how the authorities attempt to silence individual journalists and bloggers. It provides information about new online media that repor ... more

Media Influence Matrix: Pakistan. Technology, Public Sphere and Journalism

Budapest: Data and Society (CMDS) Center for Media (2019), 20 pp.
"With particularly low internet penetration rates, intense state censorship and heavy Chinese investment, Pakistan presents elements of an authoritarian internet culture where surveillance is a barely-questioned norm, unless probed by civil society organizations or journalists. Social media giants s ... more

Digital Threats to Democracy

The Workshop; Law Foundation; Luminate Foundation (2019), 244 pp.
"At the heart of the challenges to democracy posed by digital media are three core problems: 1. Platform monopolies: two or three corporations control not only our means of communication, but also the content which is distributed, both of which are core aspects of our democracy. Whilst the market po ... more

The Future of Investigative Journalism in an Era of Surveillance and Digital Privacy Erosion

In: Digital Investigative Journalism: Data, Visual Analytics and Innovative Methodologies in International Reporting
Oliver Hahn, Florian Stalph (eds.)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), pp. 249-261
"While the digital era has delivered unprecedented opportunities for big-data based investigative journalism—from the Snowden Files to the Panama Papers—it has also thrown up a host of new threats to the sustainability of journalism based on confidential sources. These include: mass and targeted ... more
"This book explores the complex and contradictory relationships between communication and information technologies and social movements by drawing on different case studies from around the world. The contributions analyse how new communication and information technologies impact the way protests are ... more

Protecting Journalism Sources in the Digital Age

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 191 pp.
"This study, which covers 121 UNESCO Member States, represents a global benchmarking of journalistic source protection in the Digital Age. It focuses on developments during the period 2007-2015. The legal frameworks that support protection of journalistic sources, at international, regional and coun ... more
"Frente a la tendencia regional y global que lleva a gobiernos y a proveedores de servicio a acumular una cantidad cada vez mayor de información sobre sus usuarios, este estudio intenta una aproximación comparada a la manera en que las legislaciones de México, Brasil, Colombia, Perú, Argentina y ... more
"The information and media environment in North Korea continues to evolve quickly. This report demonstrates that the depth and diversity of information and media access channels have grown markedly since the release of A Quiet Opening in 2012. More North Koreans have greater access to a larger varie ... more

Internet: Smarte neue Welt

welt-sichten, issue 12 (2017), pp. 12-42
"Digitale Medien verbreiten sich über die Welt: Auch in Madagaskar verwenden Kinder Handys. In Kenia nutzt die Regierungspartei in Wahlkämpfen bereits die gleichen Datenanalysen, die in den USA Donald Trump geholfen haben, Präsident zu werden. Und in der Wirtschaft bewirken Daten und Internet-Pla ... more

Digitale Diktatur: Totalüberwachung, Datenmissbrauch, Cyberkrieg

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2015), 345 pp.
"Vom eigenen Staat auf Schritt und Tritt überwacht zu werden, ist eine Horrorvision für viele Menschen. Möglich wird dies auch durch den Spion in der Hosentasche. Smartphones kommunizieren ständig mit staatlichen Lauschern, ohne dass wir es wollen – und bemerken. Stefan Aust und Thomas Ammann ... more
"The subject of this article is the issue of journalist-spies in the Bulgarian media before and after the fall of communism in 1989. The focus is on the perceptions of Bulgarian journalists on the role alleged secret service collaborators played, and continue to play, in the postcommunist society an ... more

60 años de espionaje a periodistas en Colombia: Informe sobre el estado de la libertad de prensa en 2014

Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2015), 106 pp.
"This publication identifies at least 12 digital threats, including illegal or arbitrary digital surveillance, location tracking, and software and hardware exploits without the knowledge of the target. Further examples that are considered are: phishing, fake domain attacks, Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) ... more

Watchdogs Under Watch: Media in the Age of Cyber Surveillance

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2015), 20 pp.
"The fundamental problem with cyber surveillance, even for the most well-intentioned governments, is that laws have not evolved with the technology. Governments must enforce the laws that exist and apply them to the modern age. And they should consider that just because technology makes surveillance ... more

Communications Surveillance in Colombia: The Chasm Between Technological Capacity and the Legal Framework

Bogotá: Justice and Society (Dejusticia) Center for the Study of Law (2015), 46 pp.
"[The publication] documents how Ethiopia’s government uses its control over the telecom system to restrict individuals’ rights. Based on over 100 interviews with victims of government abuses, former government officials, and former staff of telecom companies, the report describes the various me ... more
"The internet has enabled an unprecedented ability to monitor and track people and information flows as highlighted in the 2013 revelations by Edward Snowden about online surveillance carried out by the United States’ National Security Agency. The revelations have kicked off debates across the wor ... more