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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Kirsten Eddy, Craig T. Robertson, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 158 pp.

"Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) now say they prefer to start their news journeys with a website or app – that’s down 10 percentage points since 2018. Publishers in a few smaller Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are ... showing a weaker connection with news brands’ own websites and apps than previous cohorts – preferring to access news via side-door routes such as social media, search, or mobile aggregators. • Facebook remains one of the most-used social networks overall, but its influence on journalism is declining as it shifts its focus away from news. It also faces new challenges from established networks such as YouTube and vibrant youth-focused networks such as TikTok. The Chinese-owned social network reaches 44% of 18–24s across markets and 20% for news. It is growing fastest in parts of Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America. • When it comes to news, audiences say they pay more attention to celebrities, influencers, and social media personalities than journalists in networks like TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat. This contrasts sharply with Facebook and Twitter, where news media and journalists are still central to the conversation. • Much of the public is sceptical of the algorithms used to select what they see via search engines, social media, and other platforms. Less than a third (30%) say that having stories selected for me on the basis of previous consumption is a good way to get news, 6 percentage points lower than when we last asked the question in 2016. Despite this, on average, users still slightly prefer news selected this way to that chosen by editors or journalists (27%), suggesting that worries about algorithms are part of a wider concern about news and how it is selected. • Despite hopes that the internet could widen democratic debate, we find fewer people are now participating in online news than in the recent past. Aggregated across markets, only around a fifth (22%) are now active participators, with around half (47%) not participating in news at all. In the UK and United States, the proportion of active participators has fallen by more than 10 percentage points since 2016. Across countries we find that this group tends to be male, better educated, and more partisan in their political vie ws. • Trust in the news has fallen, across markets, by a further 2 percentage points in the last year, reversing in many countries the gains made at the height of the Coronavirus pandemic. On average, four in ten of our total sample (40%) say they trust most news most of the time. Finland remains the country with the highest levels of overall trust (69%), while Greece (19%) has the lowest after a year characterised by heated arguments about press freedom and the independence of the media." (Summary, page 10) more

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Social Media Use and Consumption in Kenya: Beyond Likes and Share - Quantifying the Quirks and Trends of a Nation Online

Nairobi: SIMElab; United States International University-Africa (USIU Africa) (2023), 63 pp.

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Metavoicing, trust-building mechanisms and partisan messaging: A study of social media usage by selected South African female politicians

Trust Matsilele, Sisanda Nkoala

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 13 (2023), pp. 2575-2597

"This study investigates social media usage patterns, Twitter’ frequency use and message typologies of selected South African female politicians’. Using the digital public sphere theory as a lens, the study considers six hundred Twitter posts from six female politicians from the African National ... more

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Assessing Internet Development in Paraguay: Using UNESCO's Internet Universality ROAM-X Indicators. Major Findings and Recommendations

Paris: UNESCO (2023), 22 pp.

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Assessing Internet Development in Germany: Using UNESCO's Internet Universality ROAM-X Indicators

Paris; Hamburg: UNESCO; Hans-Bredow-Institut Leibniz Institute for Media Research (2023), 258 pp.

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Measuring Digital Development. Facts and Figures: Focus on Least Developed Countries

Geneva: ITU (2023), v, 21 pp.

"[...] This publication provides an overview of the state of digital connectivity in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), drawing on the data from ITU’s flagship publication Facts and Figures 2022. Since the Fourth United Nations Conference on Least Developed Countries in 2011, progress has been made ... more

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Disinformation: A Challenge for Democracy. Attitudes and perceptions in Europe
Quick Overview

Kai Unzicker

Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung; Upgrade Democracy (2023), 38 pp.

"Fifty-four percent of EU citizens reported being “often” or “very often” unsure whether a piece of information they saw on the internet in recent months was true. Only 4 % reported never being unsure of information they saw. Thirty-nine percent of respondents reported consciously encounteri ... more

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Syria Audience Research Study

Free Press Unlimited (2023), iv, 70 pp.

"The key findings suggest that Syrians continue to adopt social media and social messaging apps as the primary channels through which they access news. They appreciate the privacy of messaging apps for communication with friends and family, and check the credibility of news stories with friends, fam ... more

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Desinformation: Herausforderung für die Demokratie. Einstellungen und Wahrnehmungen in Europa

Kai Unzicker

Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung (2023), 38 pp.

"Europaweit haben 52 Prozent derjenigen, die bereits einen Account gemeldet haben, häufig oder sehr häufig Desinformation wahrgenommen. Von denen, die dies nicht getan haben, sagen das nur 36 Prozent. Hingegen geben die beiden Gruppen in etwa gleichem Umfang (58 beziehungsweise 53 Prozent) an, hä ... more

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The last Twitter census: Examining baseline metrics for Twitter users during a period of dramatic change

J. M. Berger

VOX-Pol Network of Excellence (2023), 77 pp.

"This report compares two large random samples of Twitter accounts that tweet in English: one taken just before Elon Musk acquired Twitter in October 2022, and one taken three months later, in January 2023. It also examines several related datasets collected during the period following the acquisiti ... more

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The Routledge Companion to Media Anthropology
Top Insights

Elisabetta Costa, Patricia G. Lange, Nell Haynes, Jolynna Sinanan (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), xxv, 617 pp.

"Comprising 41 chapters by a team of international contributors, the companion is divided into three parts: histories; approaches; thematic considerations. The chapters offer wide-ranging explorations of how forms of mediation influence communication, social relationships, cultural practices, partic ... more

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Les réseaux sociaux : Une communauté de vie. Enjeux et perspectives après 25 ans de nouveaux usages numériques

Laurent François

Paris: L'Harmattan (2023), 109 pp.

"Sur TikTok, Whatsapp, Instagram, Twitter, certaines idées et certaines personnes semblent plus compter que d'autres. Une nouvelle condition humaine est en train de se façonner. Au cœur des réseaux émerge une nouvelle force : la vivance, traduction du terme anglais liveness, c'est-à-dire la qu ... more

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Solomon Islands: Understanding Audience Needs, Values, and the Role of Media and Communication

Sao Vichheka, Keo Rancha, Sally Gowland et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

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Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech
Quick Overview

Paris: UNESCO; Ipsos (2023), 35 slides

"On average in the 16 countries surveyed, 56% of internet users frequently use social media to stay informed about current events, far ahead of television (44%). However, it is worth noting that differences exist among population groups: television is the primary source in the most developed countri ... more

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Social Media in the Middle East 2022: A Year in Review

Damian Radcliffe, Hadil Abuhmaid, Nii Mahliaire

School of Journalism and Communication University of Oregon (2023), 92 pp.

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After Access 2022: Internet Usage Trends in Uganda

Andrew Partridge

Cape Town: Research ICT Africa (2023), 9 pp.

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Media Consumption in an Evolving Digital World: Millenials and Digital Natives' Consumption Habits and Implications for Legacy Media in East Africa

Hesbon Hansen Owilla, Clare Mogere, Nancy Booker

Graduate School of Media and Communications Aga Khan University (2023), xii, 72 pp.

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Information Ecosystem Assessment: Jordan

Aida Al-Kaisy

Internews (2023), 63 pp.

"This report provides an assessment of the media landscape in Jordan from the perspective of its audiences. Based on audience research, it examines the key issues emerging around media usage, trust, content, and literacy. It is based on data that was collected throughout June and July 2023; the medi ... more

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Colombia: Tecnología, esfera pública y periodismo

Gabriel Ernesto Levy Bravo, María Cecilia Hernández Ocampo, María Paula Ángel Benavides

London: Media and Journalism Research Center (MJRC); Observacom; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) (2023), 21 pp.

"Si bien las cifras de acceso y uso de las TIC han mejorado progresivamente, están lejos de ser óptimas. Lo mismo pasa con las relacionadas con la conectividad. De cualquier forma, lo más preocupante en ambos casos es la diferencia que existe entre las cabeceras municipales y los centros poblados ... y las zonas rurales. La brecha es grande y parece estar lejos de cerrarse, a pesar de los esfuerzos que el Gobierno y otros actores han hecho en este sentido. Las barreras geográficas, sociales y económicas siguen siendo difíciles de atajar, por lo que hay pendientes en distintos frentes. La lucha contra la desigualdad y el desarrollo de la infraestructura son sólo algunos de ellos. En 2021 el porcentaje de hogares a nivel nacional que poseía algún tipo de televisor era de 89.5 %. En cuanto a la infraestructura para recibir servicios de televisión, las cifras variaron dependiendo de la zona. Por ejemplo, la televisión por cable fue la más usada en las cabeceras municipales, mientras que la televisión abierta fue la más usada en los centros poblados y zonas rurales. Para ese mismo periodo, el porcentaje de hogares que poseía computador de escritorio, portátil o tableta fue de 37.9 % y el porcentaje de personas que tenía teléfono celular de cualquier tipo era de 76.3 %. En cuanto a la conectividad, el 60.5 % del total nacional de hogares poseía conexión fija a Internet, con mayor proporción en las cabeceras. Sin embargo, esta relación se invirtió en las áreas rurales, donde la conexión móvil, a la que un 75 % de la población total tenía acceso, fue más popular. En cuanto a operadores de Internet fijo, el mercado lo domina Claro, seguido de Tigo y Movistar. Con respecto a operadores de Internet móvil, el mercado también lo domina Claro y le siguen Movistar y Tigo. Ahora bien, dentro del total de personas que utilizaron Internet, el dispositivo através del cual se reportó mayor acceso a este servicio es el teléfono celular con 93.9 %. De los usuarios de Internet entre 16 a 64 años que usan plataformas de redes sociales, el 94 % del universo analizado por el estudio We Are Social utilizó WhatsApp, seguido muy de cerca por Facebook con un 91.7 % e Instagram con un 84.4 %, todas pertenecientes al conglomerado Meta. En cuanto al alcance de la audiencia potencial de los medios sociales digitales conectados, Facebook llevó la delantera, seguido de YouTube e Instagram. Sobre lo relacionado con motores de búsqueda, sin importar la tecnología de hardware que se emplee, Google se ubicó en el primer lugar con una concentración del 97,19 % del total de usuarios que realizó búsquedas en Internet. Como se ve, hay compañías con gran dominio en el mercado y, aunque existe la sensación de variedad, lo cierto es que no es así. Por otro lado, aunque el país está más conectado que antes y los ciudadanos tienen más opciones que antes para consumir información, los medios no la tienen fácil. Aparte de las tensiones por la pauta publicitaria, que se han visto exacerbadas por el rol de conglomerados como Meta y Google, tienen más competencia y, en muchos sentidos, más obstáculos que antes. Sortear estos retos adecuadamente es clave y está estrechamente ligado con su capacidad de mantenerse a flote económicamente y de ganarse o recuperar la confianza del público, especialmente en momentos donde la desinformación y las noticias falsas son el pan de cada día." (Conclusiones, página 20-21) more

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Colombia: Technology, Public Sphere and Journalism

Gabriel Ernesto Levy Bravo, María Cecilia Hernández Ocampo, María Paula Ángel Benavides

London: Media and Journalism Research Center (MJRC); Observacom; University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) (2023), 16 pp.

"Although the figures for access and use of ICT have gradually improved in Colombia, the situation is far from optimal. The same goes for connectivity. The most concerning aspect overall is the difference between urban centers and rural areas. The gap is significant and seems to be far from closing, ... despite the efforts made by the government and other actors to narrow this gap. Geographic, social, and economic barriers continue to be difficult to tackle. In 2021, the percentage of households nationwide that owned some type of television was 89.5%. As for the infrastructure to receive television services, the figures varied depending on the area. For example, cable television was the most used in municipal capitals, while free-to-air television was most used in rural areas. The same year, the percentage of households that owned a desktop computer, laptop, or tablet was 37.9%, and the percentage of people who had a cell phone of any type was 76.3%. As for connectivity, 60.5% of the total national households had fixed internet connection, with a higher proportion in large cities. In rural areas, mobile connection, which 75% of the total population have access to, is more popular. As for fixed Internet operators, the market is dominated by Claro, followed by Tigo and Movistar. Regarding mobile internet suppliers, the market is also dominated by Claro, followed by Movistar and Tigo. Among internet users, the device most used to get online access is the cellphone with 93.9%. WhatsApp is the most popular social media platform with 94% of internet users, followed very closely by Facebook with 91.7% and Instagram with 84.4%, all belonging to the Meta conglomerate. Google leads in the search engine market with more than 97% of all users who performed searches on the internet. Thus, although the internet seems to be a diverse market, the truth is that it is not so. On the other hand, although the country is more connected than ever before and citizens have more options to consume information, the media do not have it easy. Apart from tensions over advertising revenue, which have been exacerbated by the growing power of conglomerates like Meta and Google, they face more competition and, in many ways, more obstacles than before. Successfully overcoming those challenges is key and depends on their ability to stay afloat economically and to earn or regain the public's trust, especially in times when disinformation and fake news are everyday realities." (Conclusions, page 16) more

Disinformation: A Challenge for Democracy. Attitudes and perceptions in Europe Quick Overview

The Routledge Companion to Media Anthropology Top Insights

Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech Quick Overview

Disinformation: A Challenge for Democracy. Attitudes and perceptions in Europe
Quick Overview

The Routledge Companion to Media Anthropology
Top Insights

Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech
Quick Overview