commbox Journalists' Safety & Resilience

"Aims: To investigate mental illness among journalists in five key areas: (1) journalists' mental health status; (2) journalists' personal attitudes towards mental illness; (3) attitudes and support journalists expect or have experienced from colleagues when they have a mental health problem; (4) ef ... more

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Journalists’ emotional reactions after working with the Jokela school shooting incident

Klas Backholm, Kaj Björkqvist

Media, War & Conflict, volume 5, issue 2 (2012), pp. 175–190

"Journalists’ psychological distress after working with the Jokela school shooting incident was examined with a mixed methods research design using a sample of 196 journalists (27 on the scene, 169 working indirectly with the crisis). Quantitative results were compared to those of a control group ... more

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The mediating effect of depression between exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD in news journalists

Klas Backholm, Kaj Björkqvist

European Journal of Psychotraumatology, volume 3, issue 18388 (2012), 8 pp.

"Background: News journalists are an occupational group with a unique task at the scene of an unfolding crisis-to collect information and inform the public about the event. By being on location, journalists put themselves at risk for being exposed to the potentially traumatic event. Objective: To co ... more

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Threats to the Right to Life of Journalists

Sarah Elliott, Mona Elbahtimy, Sharath Srinivasan

Cambridge: Centre of Governance and Human Rights (CGHR) University of Cambridge (2012), 23 pp.

"Journalists as a category of individuals are subjected to special risks of physical violence that amount to serious risks to their right to life. The current scale of threats to the lives and killings of journalists is a serious matter of concern. It shows an erosion of the rule of law and democrat ... more

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U.S. and Finnish Journalists: A Comparative Study of Roles, Responsibilities, and Emotional Reactions to School Shootings

Klas Backholm, Marguerite Moritz, Kaj Björkqvist

In: School Shootings: Mediatized Violence in a Global Age

Glenn W. Muschert, Johanna Sumiala (eds.)

Leeds: Emerald Publishing (2012), pp. 141-160

"In the chapter, journalistic work ethics on the scene during school shootings and journalists’ psychological stress reactions after such work is studied. Approach: Findings are based on several qualitative studies carried out separately at different time periods, spanning over a decade. Included ... more

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No Justice for Journalists in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia: Impunity and Killings of Journalists Go Hand in Hand

London; Copenhagen: Article 19; International Media Support (IMS) (2011), 41 pp.

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Press in Stress: Media Under Threat in Balochistan

Aurangzaib Khan

Islamabad: Intermedia (2011), 20 pp.

"All journalists in Balochistan should undergo conflict sensitive journalism (CSJ) trainings. All journalists should undergo media law clinics to be educated on rights and responsibilities. A Safety Fund for Balochistan should be set up to provide resources on safety and security and address their l ... more

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Manual de mecanismos de protección para periodistas y comunicadores (as)

Guatemala: Comisión Presidencial Coordinadora de la Política del Ejecutivo en Materia de Derechos Humanos (COPREDEH); CERIGUA (2011), 101 pp.

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Coping with traumatic stress in journalism: A critical ethnographic study

Marla Buchanan, Patrice Keats

International Journal of Psychology, volume 46, issue 2 (2011), pp. 127-135

"Journalists who witness trauma and disaster events are at risk for physical, emotional, and psychological injury. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a critical ethnographic study among 31 Canadian journalists and photojournalists with regard to coping strategies used to buffer t ... more

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The Initiative on Impunity and the Rule of Law

William Horsley

London: Working Conference “Safety and Protection of Journalists: A Responsibility for the World” (2011), 28 pp.

"The Initiative on Impunity and the Rule of Law is a global project of the Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield and the Centre for Law, Justice and Journalism (CLJJ) at City University, London. Our aims are to provide an independent platform to assess the effectivene ... more

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The culture of impunity: What journalists need to know about international humanitarian law

Roderic Alley

Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 78-95

"Whether they are nationals reporting wars occurring within their countries or international news media staff, journalists are facing growing dangers when covering conflict events. As civilians, they are protected to some extent by international humanitarian law (IHL). But what are these rules and h ... more

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Murdering with impunity: The rise in terror tactics against news reporters

Frank Smyth

Harvard International Review, volume 32, issue 3 (2010), pp. 41-45

"More journalists were killed last year than ever before. No doubt the world has become a more dangerous place for journalists, but not necessarily in ways that people might expect. The risks to foreign journalists, especially for (but hardly limited to) Western correspondents, have risen dramatical ... more

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Libel Tourism: Silencing the Press Through Transnational Legal Threats

Drew Sullivan

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 41 pp.

"This report by Drew Sullivan, a journalist, editor, and media development specialist, explains how lawsuits can force media organizations to censor themselves or limit the distribution of their news content, restricting freedom of expression and thus threatening one of the foundations of democracy. ... more

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Forces of Gatekeeping and Journalists' Perceptions of Physical Danger in Post-Saddam Hussein's Iraq

Hun Shik Kim

Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 87, issue 3-4 (2010), pp. 484-500

"Iraqi journalists operate in one of the deadliest newsgathering environments in the world. This study, based on a survey of 404 Iraqi journalists, examines the variables influencing journalists' perceptions of physical danger in covering news after the fall of Saddam Hussein. Gatekeeping theory pro ... more

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Witnessing trauma in the newsroom: Posttraumatic symptoms in television journalists exposed to violent news clips

Anke Weidmann, Jenny Papsdorf

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, volume 198, issue 4 (2010), pp. 264-271

"Employees working in television newsrooms are exposed to video footage of violent events on a daily basis. It is yet unknown whether they subsequently develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder as has been shown for other populations exposed to trauma through television. We conducted an inte ... more

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Handbook for Journalists

Paris: Reporters Without Borders; UNESCO (2010), 108 pp.

"This handbook is to help journalists working in war zones. There is no magic way to avoid a rocket attack or an ambush, but the tips here are based on common sense (which is too often ignored) and should help many journalists solve a lot of problems. We present basic press freedom documents, declar ... more

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The Media and International Humanitarian Law: Legal Protections for Journalists

Sophie Kagan, Helen Durham

Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 96-112

"Journalists and other media personnel perform a crucial role in armed conflicts. In the absence of functioning civil society, which, in peacetime can survey the behaviour of governments and other parties, and report on breaches of law, journalists are often the only parties on the ground able to do ... more

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Responsible Media: Learning to Survive the World's Difficult, Remote and Hostile Environments

Shaun Filer

Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 125-132

"What should be considered 'adequate' preparation and support for journalists and media workers in difficult, remote and hostile environments? One would assume there would be numerous sources of feedback and contributions measuring the suitability of the training, as well as providing information re ... more