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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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European Union (EU)
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Democracy
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Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
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UNESCO
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Press
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Copyright: Books
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Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
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Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
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Humanitarian Law
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Ethics in Media & Communication
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Media, Mass Media
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Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
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Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
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Press Law & Regulation
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Financing Media, Financial Media Management
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Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
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Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
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World Information and Communication Order
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Internet Governance, Internet Policies
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Radio
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Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
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Copyright: Music
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Community Media Financing & Sustainability
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Cultural Policies
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Information Society
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Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
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Council of Europe
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Associations & Networks of Journalists
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Television Policies
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Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
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Open Source Software
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Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
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Access to Media & Information
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Copyright: Films
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
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Government Communication Strategies
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
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War Reporting
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Music Industries & Markets
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Television Markets
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Political Economy of Media
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Globalisation of Media
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Satellite Television
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Journalists
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Media Assistance
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Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
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MDDA - Media Develoment and Diversity Agency (South Africa)
5
Press Landscapes
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Human Rights Protection
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Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
5
National Security Legislation
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Financing Public Service Media
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Public & State Television
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Civil Society
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Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
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Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
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Community Television
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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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Defamation, Libel, Slander
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Codes of Journalistic Ethics
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Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Good Practice Examples
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Mercosur
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Investigative Journalism
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Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
4
Radio Landscapes
4
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Media Regulation Practices
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Accountability & Transparency
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Corruption & Combating Corruption
4
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
4
Advertising Law & Regulation
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
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Book Markets & Industries
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Child Protection, Protection of Minors
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Film Industries
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Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
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Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Strategic Communication Planning
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Community Media
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Community Radio Setting-Up
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Community Television Policies & Regulation
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Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
3
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
3
Development and Media
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Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
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Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
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Software Industries
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Racism in Communication & Media
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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
3
Media Markets
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Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
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History of the Press
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United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
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Legal Status of Journalists
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Election Reporting
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Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
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Local Communication & Media
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Media Assistance: Aims, Priorities, Funding Policies
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Media Assistance: Cooperation Among Stakeholders, Power Relations, Ownership
3
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
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Media Democratization
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Television Landscapes
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Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
3
Theories of Change
3
Digital Switchover
3
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
3
Media Assistance: Access to Public Information
2
Advertising
2
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Book Rights, Publishing Contracts, Licenses
2
Film Markets
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Copyright: Software
2
Patents
2
Performing Rights
2
Recording Rights
2
Reprint Rights
2
Translation Rights
2
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
Self-Censorship
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Right to be Forgotten
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Community Radio Contents & Programming
2
Community Radio & Gender
2
Community Radio Management
2
Terrorism
2
Conflicts and Media
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
2
Convergence of Media
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Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
2
Economics of Media
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Informal Sector, Informal Economy
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Radio Markets
2
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
2
Press Councils
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
2
International News Flow
2
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
2
United Nations (UN)
2
Financing Journalism
2
Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Television News
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Language Policies
2
Linguistic Diversity
2
Minority Languages
2
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
2
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
2
Media Development Indicators
2
Communication & Information Needs
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Child Protection: Legislation & Regulation
2
Civil Rights
2
Customary Law
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Media Complaints / Sanctions Procedures
2
Religious Freedom
2
Transitional Justice
2
Financing Press & Print Media
2
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
2
Democratization
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Public Spheres
2
Newspapers
2
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
2
Commercial Radios
2
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
2
Social Aspects
2
Digital Radio
2
Telecommunications
2
Commercial Television
2
Television Channels
2
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Radio Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy
1
Lobbying
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Media Use: Urban Populations
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Campaigning
1
Political Campaigns
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Christian Communication
1
Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD)
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Cinema
1
Film Financing
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Copyright: Photos & Illustrations
1
Digital Rights Management
1
TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property)
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Community Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Foro Argentino de Radios Comunitarias (FARCO)
1
Community Radio Governance & Ownership
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Participatory Communication
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Holocaust
1
Civil Wars
1
War Crimes
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Popular Art, Folk Art, Handicrafts
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Culture (General)
1
Traditional Cultures
1
Development Assistance
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Spam & Scam
1
ICANN
1
Internet
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Online Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Search Engines
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Regulation
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Ethnic / Minority Television Programmes
1
Minority Rights
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Libraries
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Press Distribution
1
Television Industries
1
Media Market Transparency
1
Press Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Taxes
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Open Educational Resources (OER)
1
Training
1
Sports Reporting
1
Environmental Communication
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Extractive Industries & Mining Reporting
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
Tobacco Counter-Marketing, Smoking Cessation Campaigning, Nicotine Addiction Reporting
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History (General)
1
History of Telecommunication
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Indigenous Rights, Indigenous Jurisdiction & Customary Law
1
Public Funding & Support Policies: Indigenous Communication
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
Regional (Transnational) Integration & Communication
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Global Governance
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Radio Journalism Education
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
News Agencies
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Local Television
1
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
1
Media Assistance Donors: Multilateral Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Self-Regulation, Accountability & Transparency of Media
1
Netherlands: Media Assistance
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Social Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Media Privatization
1
Radio Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Consumer Protection
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Media Content Regulation
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Rule of Law
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
1
PRISA (Spain)
1
Music
1
Music Videos
1
Pop Music
1
Radio Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Politics
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Capitalism
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Public Interest
1
Agenda Setting
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Propaganda
1
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
1
Yellow Press
1
Local Ownership, Local Stakeholder Participation
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Public & State Radios
1
Religious Radio Programmes
1
Radio Networks
1
Radio Engineering & Technologies
1
Media Effects
1
Oppression
1
Manipulation
1
Confucianism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam and Communication
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Research Methods
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Interviewing (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Society
1
Civic Coalitions
1
Apartheid
1
Participation
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Satellites
1
Software
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Pay TV, Pay Television
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Montenegro
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Montenegro Media Institute (2021), 19 pp.
"Competent institutions should react in case of spreading hate speech and introduce appropriate measures to combat the spread of disinformation, which would serve as a middle ground between arresting those who spread disinformation and a too passive approach to this problem. In addition to this, the
...
UNESCO Guide for Amicus Curiae Interventions in Freedom of Expression Cases
Paris: UNESCO (2021), 16 pp.
"This guide aims to provide practical information and guidance to civil society organisations who consider intervening in cases before national or international courts as so-called ‘amicus curiae’ or ‘third party intervener’. It is focused on interventions in cases concerning freedom of expr
...
Öffentliche Förderung journalistischer Informationsmedien in ausgewählten Ländern
Deutscher Bundestag (2021), 29 pp.
Médias audiovisuels et tolérance administrative au Cameroun: Enjeux communicationnels et logiques d’acteurs
Paris: L'Harmattan (2021), 199 pp.
Restauración y cambio: Las políticas de comunicación de Macri (2015-2019)
Sindicato de Prensa de Buenos Aires (SiPreBA); ICEP (2021), 277 pp.
The Concept of Chilling Effect: Its Untapped Potential to Better Protect Democracy, the Rule of Law, and Fundamental Rights in the EU
Open Society Foundations (2021), 33 pp.
"From a legal point of view, chilling effect may be defined as the negative effect any state action has on natural and/or legal persons, and which results in pre-emptively dissuading them from exercising their rights or fulfilling their professional obligations, for fear of being subject to formal s
...
The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR) (2021), 17 pp.
Un acercamiento entre la justicia y el periodismo: Balance del trabajo realizado junto con magistrados y magistradas, y retos para hacer sostenible su acercamiento y empoderamiento en temas de libertad de expresión, acceso a la información pública y seguridad de periodistas
Lima: Instituto de Defensa Legal; UNESCO (2021), 31 pp.
The Historicity of Media Regulation in Zambia: Examining the Proposed Statutory Self-Regulation
African Journalism Studies, volume 42, issue 2 (2021), pp. 59-76
"The media in Zambia have been in a state of uncertainty since Zambia reinstated democratic governance in the early 1990s. Despite promising initial steps to deregulate the media that started under President Chiluba’s government in the mid-1990s, achieving these objectives in successive years has
...
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Turkey
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 14 pp.
"The current legislation should include a direct expression of hate speech and expand the scope of hate speech in terms of person and subject as much as possible. The anti-discrimination state bodies should focus on protecting the human rights of the most vulnerable groups, broadening legal protecti
...
Decent Work in Pakistani Media: An Assessment of Labour Laws & the Impacts for Media Workers
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2021), 27 pp.
El límite democrático de las expresiones de odio: Principios constitucionales, modelos regulatorios y políticas públicas
Buenos Aires: Teseo (2021), 424 pp.
Conferência Nacional de Comunicação: 10 anos depois. Velhos e novos desafios das políticas de comunicação no Brasil
ULEPICC-Brasil (2020), 612 pp.
The lesser evil? Public opinion towards regulating fake news in three Asian countries
International Telecommunications Society (ITS) 14-17 June 2020 Paper presented at ITS Online Event (2020), 15 pp.
Policy Paper on Draft Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Bill, 2020
Karachi: Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF) (2020), 46 pp.
Media Policy in a Pandemic: Lessons from Moldova, Ukraine and Latvia
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2020), 8 pp.
Are Indigenous Voices Being Heard? A Study on the State of Indigenous Community Broadcasting in 19 Countries;Voces Indígenas. ¿Están siendo escuchadas? Estudio sobre el estado de la radiodifusión comunitaria indígena en 19 países
Cambridge, MA; Toronto: Cultural Survival; World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) (2020), 135 pp.
"Indigenous Peoples have been excluded from accessing media for many reasons, including their geographic location, languages, and legal barriers. Indigenous Peoples living in isolated areas have little physical access tu urban-centred media. Similarly, a lack of awareness of human rights, freedoms,
...
Expanding Shrinking Communication Spaces
Toronto; Penang: Centre for Communication Rights; World Association for Christian Communication (WACC); Southbound (2020), 130 pp.
"All human and social activity depends on communication. No matter the issue — poverty, conflict resolution, self-determination, migration, health, land, housing, the climate crisis — little can be done without effective communication. A framework is needed that enables, empowers, and transforms
...
The National Communication Council: Opportunity or Constraint for Press Freedom and Freedom of Expression in Cameroon?
African Journalism Studies, volume 41, issue 1 (2020), 16 pp.
"This paper underlines the relevance of devising an effective legislative framework that sets out the organization of the National Communication Council (NCC), the main media regulator in Cameroon. It argues that the rules and procedures informing the functioning of the NCC should clearly affirm and
...
New Digital Media: Freedom of Expression and Safeguarding Journalists in the Context of East Africa
Cross Cultural Human Rights Review, volume 2, issue 1 (2020), pp. 49-71
"Many East African states have developed restrictive legal and policy measures regarding the use of the internet. This has resulted in the declining state of media freedom and safety of journalists. This article addresses freedom of expression as a pre-condition for safeguarding journalists in selec
...
