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274
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160
Inspiring Practice
1
Key Guidance
1
Top Insights
5
Topics
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
69
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
61
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
47
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
33
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
22
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
18
Media / Communication Control
14
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
13
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
12
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
11
Censorship
11
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
10
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
10
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
10
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
9
Clandestine Radios
8
Government Propaganda
8
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
8
Democracy / Democratization and Media
8
Political Communication
8
Propaganda
8
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
7
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
7
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
7
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
7
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
7
Politics and Media
7
Political Transition and Media
7
Samizdat
6
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
6
Taliban
6
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
5
Media Use, Media Consumption
5
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
5
Self-Censorship
5
Social Media
5
Journalism
5
Socialist Media Systems
5
Human Rights Violations
5
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
4
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
4
Telegram
4
Twitter & Microblogs
4
YouTube
4
COVID-19 Communication
4
Foreign Correspondents
4
Journalism Education & Training
4
Exiled Journalists
4
Media & Communication Policies
4
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
4
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
4
Public & State Press
4
Public Media, State Media
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
3
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
3
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Government Communication Strategies
3
Alternative Communication & Media
3
Alternative Press
3
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Digital Media Landscapes
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
Social Media in Political Communication
3
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
3
Facebook
3
VK (Russian Social Network)
3
Digital Economies & Markets
3
Female Journalists & Media Workers
3
History of Media & Communication
3
Nazism
3
Journalists
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
3
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
3
Communism, Marxism
3
Political Resistance
3
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
3
Civil Society
3
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
3
Access to Media & Information
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
2
Posters
2
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
2
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
2
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
2
Election Campaigns
2
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
2
Freedom of Expression
2
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Civil Wars
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
2
Literature
2
Popular Cultures
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
2
Financing Digital / Online Media
2
Bots
2
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
2
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
2
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
2
China: Foreign Policy, Foreign Investments, Development Assistance
2
Investigative Journalism
2
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
European Union: Media Assistance
2
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Television Landscapes
2
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Media Law & Regulation
2
Human Rights Protection
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
2
Diasporas
2
Popular Music
2
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
2
Political Parties
2
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
2
Public Opinion
2
Ideologies
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Apartheid
2
Youth & Digital Media
2
Advocacy & Empowerment: Chronically ill People
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Experiences
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Planning & Implementation
1
Advocacy & Political Films
1
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
1
Audiences & Users
1
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
1
Media Use: Political Information
1
Media Use: Public Service & State Media
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Media Use: Youth
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Discourse
1
Cinema in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Markets & Industries
1
Book Policies (National & International)
1
Book Publishing Houses
1
Gender and Book Publishing
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Political Cartoons & Comics
1
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
1
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
1
Science Fiction Films
1
Film Markets
1
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
1
Communication Rights
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Countering Press Freedom Violations by Legal Actions
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Secret Services, Intelligence Services
1
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
1
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
Graffiti, Wall Paintings, Street Art
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
War Reporting
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Musicals & Operas
1
Theatre
1
Cultural Resistance
1
Fans, Fandom, Fan Cultures
1
Democracy Assistance
1
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
ICT / Internet Projects (Development Aid)
1
Development Theories
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Convergence of Media
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Research Methods
1
Google
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Online Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Search Engines
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Digital Industrial Policies
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
ICT Enterprises
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Uyghurs, Uighurs
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Government-Sponsored Disinformation
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Libraries
1
Economics of Media
1
Media Markets
1
Television Markets
1
Education (General)
1
Primary Education
1
Universidad Nacional de La Plata (La Plata, Argentina)
1
Gaming, Video Games
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Political Parody and Satire
1
Television Dramas
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Journalistic (In)Dependence
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender Norms & Roles
1
Men, Male Identity, Masculinity
1
Innovations
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History (General)
1
History of Journalism
1
History of the Press
1
Foreign ICT & Telecommunication Investments & Ownership
1
Foreign News, International News
1
Globalisation of Media
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Satellite Television
1
Transnational Television Co-Productions, International Television Co-Productions
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
News Agencies
1
Agencia Noticiosa Fides (ANF) (News Agency, Bolivia)
1
Xinhua (News Agency, China)
1
Radio Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Dependency of Recipients
1
Media Assistance: Exile Media
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Television Policies
1
Press Landscapes
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Change & Process Management
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Folk Songs
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Walsh, Rodolfo
1
Politics
1
Arab Spring (2010-2012)
1
Coup d'Etat
1
Military
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Fascism
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Socialism
1
Totalitarianism
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Democratization
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
1
Public Opinion Manipulation
1
Public Spheres
1
The Daily News (Newspaper, Zimbabwe)
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio
1
Radio Stations
1
B92 (Radio Station, Belgrade)
1
Emotions in the Media, Emotional Functions & Messages of Media
1
Persuasive Communication
1
Manipulation
1
Islamism
1
Muslim Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religion and Politics
1
Religious Populism
1
Religious Press
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Political Indicators
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Revolutions
1
Mobile & Wireless Communications Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
State Influence on ICT & Telecommunication Markets
1
Telecommunication Infrastructure
1
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
1
TeleSur (Television Channel)
1
Reality Television Programmes & Daily Talks
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Decoding Social Media’s Role in the Resurgence of the Taliban: A Literature Review
Kabul: Kashmir Research Information System Kardan University (2023), 22 pp.
"The study assesses the extent to which Taliban 2.0 utilised social media as a political mobilisation strategy and provides a response through discourse analysis and a literature review. The study results indicate that the tactical use of social media was more apparent in 2021 when they were promoti
...
A Light That Cannot Be Extinguished: Exiled Journalism and Transnational Repression
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2023), 18 pp.
"1. Increasing attacks on independent media globally are forcing journalists to flee their home countries. Working from abroad, these reporters remain crucial sources of information about some of the world’s most authoritarian countries. But safety in exile is not guaranteed.
2. At least 26 govern
...
The Evolution of Self-Censorship in Hong Kong Online Journalism: Influences from Digitalization and the State
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 29, issue 1 (2023), pp. 143-163
"Studies about media self-censorship typically focus on its mechanism in traditional newsroom settings. But how media self-censorship may evolve in online journalism has remained largely unexplored. Using Hong Kong as a case, I examine the digital evolution of media self-censorship in a unique non-d
...
The adoption of social messaging apps in Iran: Discourses and challenges
Information Development, volume 39, issue 1 (2023), pp. 72-85
"Today, social networks are the most popular and widely used applications among smartphone users all around the world. Three years ago, the Telegram messaging app was the most widely used social messaging app in Iran due to its technical features and user-friendliness. Despite its popularity, Telegr
...
Digital Authoritarianism and its Religious Legitimization: The cases of Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and India
Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), xv, 174 pp.
"This book explores how digital authoritarianism operates in India, Pakistan, Turkey, Indonesia, and Malaysia, and how religion can be used to legitimize digital authoritarianism within democracies. In doing so, it explains how digital authoritarianism operates at various technological levels includ
...
Media and power in modern Iran: Mass communication, ideology, and the state
London: Tauris (2023), x, 222 pp.
"Successive Iranian leaders have struggled to navigate the fraught political-cultural space of media in the Islamic Republic-skirting the line between embracing Western communications technologies and rejecting them, between condemning social networking sites as foreign treachery and promoting thems
...
Preparing to Publish: How Journalists Negotiate Content Restrictions in Semi-Authoritarian States
International Communication Gazette, volume 85, issue 2 (2023), pp. 120-140
"Journalists act strategically in response to their political environments, using practices like self-censorship to avoid negative repercussions from powerful actors. But what does self-censorship look like in practice? Grounded in theories of policy response and media sociology, this study uses jou
...
Journalistic practices in restrictive contexts: A sociological approach to the case of Iran
London; New York: Routledge (2023), 131 pp.
"Based on fieldwork conducted in Iran, this book discusses how it is possible for journalism to exist and function in a restrictive context. The book brings together a range of structural (macro), organizational (meso), and individual (micro) processes to analyse journalistic practice in a political
...
The Life and Death of SNET, Havana’s Alternative Internet
Rest of World, October 8 (2023)
"[...] in 2011, a group of more than 100 Havana residents decided to unify their hyperlocal networks into a larger structure. The Havana “street network” (or SNET) would soon become one of the largest such community networks in the world. At its peak, user estimates hovered around 100,000 IP add
...
Social Media Activism for Civilian Supremacy in Myanmar and Pakistan
Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2023), 14 pp.
"In Myanmar and Pakistan, anti-democratic forces including an alliance of military and right-wing political factions are dominating political affairs despite both countries’ constitutions defining democratic processes. Consequently, the authoritarian rule has been looming in these countries. The a
...
YouTube vlogging and dissidence in Zimbabwe: Opportunities from authoritarian media policies
Journal of Alternative and Community Media, volume 7, issue 2 (2023), pp. 199-214
"This article explores the use of YouTube in the increasing practice of vlogging in Zimbabwe. Vlogging counters authoritarian media policies that restrict the entry of new media players and democratic participation in existing traditional media. This dearth of public debate on traditional media has
...
Staatliche Cyberkonflikte: Proxy-Strategien von Autokratien und Demokratien im Vergleich
Bielefeld: transcript (2023), 424 pp.
"Welche Rolle spielen nichtstaatliche Akteure, sogenannte "Proxys", in staatlichen Cyberkonflikten? Und wie unterscheidet sich regimetypenspezifisch das (De-)Eskalationsmanagement? Kerstin Zettl-Schabath vergleicht mithilfe eines umfassenden Datensatzes für die Jahre 2000-2019 die staatlichen Cyber
...
Disruptions as Opportunities: Governing Chinese Society with Interactive Authoritarianism
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (2023), xv, 283 pp.
"[This book] addresses the long-standing puzzle of why China outlived other one-party authoritarian regimes with particular attention to how the state manages an emerging civil society. Drawing upon over 1,200 survey responses conducted in 126 villages in the Sichuan province, as well as 70 intervie
...
Deepening the Response to Authoritarian Information Operations in Latin America
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2023), 29 pp.
"The essays in this report deepen our understanding of the escalating and evolving threats posed by global authoritarianism. While responses to authoritarian information manipulation have been robust in many ways across Latin America, much more can be done to counter it and enhance the quality of in
...
Professional Situation and Needs of Afghan Journalists in Exile: An Exploratory Study
Berlin: JX Fund (2023), 38 pp.
"Findings indicate that Afghan exiled journalists worldwide struggle to continue practicing their profession. Even among the few who still work in media, the vast majority depend on additional sources of income. This demonstrates a clear need for support, especially since many respondents aspire to
...
The Key Player in Russia's Cybersphere: What the West Needs to Know About VK Company
Berlin: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik (DGAP) (2023), 20 pp.
The Unfreedom Monitor: Hong Kong Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 22 pp.
"In the global context of digital authoritarianism, Hong Kong may become an important reference for a region in which currently the legal groundwork is laid for what may be more stringent tools of oppression. We can witness a rationalisation and legalisation of this process, where any form of critic
...
The Unfreedom Monitor: Myanmar Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 18 pp.
"By learning about both the repression and resistance sides of Myanmar’s Spring Revolution, it is evident that digital technology is playing a critical role in this revolution. The military is using every possible technology to repress people, inject fear into society and manipulate it. The revolu
...
The Unfreedom Monitor: Kazakhstan Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 21 pp.
"This report focuses on the main trends in digital authoritarian technologies used in Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2022. It contextualises the repressive online mechanisms within the changing political landscape. The January 2022 protests tested the grounds of social and political liberties — the seemi
...
The Unfreedom Monitor: The Philippines Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 28 pp.
"Like any authoritarian regime, the Philippine government uses various forms of digital authoritarianism to its advantage. The aim is to win the propaganda war against its perceived enemies so that it can continue implementing policies that are often detrimental to the ordinary folk. While the two i
...
